Zvinenge mhuka dzese dzemumvura dzine magill ekuwana okisijeni pasi pemvura, aya anogona kunge ari munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemuviri uye kunze kana mukati, tobva takuratidza kuti ndedzipi mhuka dzinofema nemagill, Tinokukoka kuti urambe uchiverenga kuti uzive zvavari.
kufema kwegill mumhuka
Muvanhu tinoita kuchinjana kwegasi kufema, nekuda kwemapapu nemhino dzemuviri wedu. Zvisinei, kana iri mhuka dzakadai sehove kana dzimwe mhuka dzomumvura, dzinofema pasi pemvura nokuda kweokisijeni shoma iripo munzvimbo yemvura. Mitezo iyi inodaidzwa kunzi gill kana kuti gill.
Kufemereka kwaanoita nemumagonyera kunomuburitsa idzo mhuka dzinogara munyanza. Magill inhengo dzekufema dzinowanzobva kune imwe ye embryonic layers.
Magill anowanzo kuoneka mumitsetse yechisikigo yemuviri uye anounzwa senge akatevedzana mafilaments ane yakakwira ropa, iyo iyo mvura-yakawanda-yakawanda yeokisijeni inopfuura, inopinda nemuromo, ichigadzira shanduko gaseous.
Chii chinonzi gill kana gill respiration?
Gill respiration ndiko kuchinjana kwemagasi, ndiko kuti, kufema muH2O. Izvo zvipenyu zviri kuseri kwemusoro mumhuka dzomumvura. Chitarisiko chayo ndechemashizha maduku akagadzirirwa kuva pamusoro peumwe neumwe uye ane mitsipa yakawanda yeropa muhutano hwayo.
Kushanda kwe gill respiration kunotanga kana mollusk kana amphibian yatora oxygen kubva mumvura Oxygen inotakurwa ichiendeswa kune akasiyana matissue nemagill uye nhengo dzinodiwa pametabolism uye kufema kwesero mumitochondria yesero.
Kamwe iyi okisijeni uye kufema kweserura kwashandiswa, diokisi inogadzirwa nemuviri munzvimbo. Carbon dioxide inotevedza nzira yakatarisana nayo, kureva kuti, inopindawo mumvura dzomukati yoenda kumakonzo kana mapapu kwainopararira yobudiswa nawo.
Mhando dzemagill: kunze uye mukati
Mugungwa mune mhuka dzine maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekufema, aya ndiwo ekunze uye emukati, izvi zvinoenderana nehukuru uye maitiro emhuka, kana ine mapapu kana kwete. Dzimwe mhuka dzinongotora mukana weokisijeni iyo gungwa rinowanzoita, sezviponji kana mamwe magaka.
Zvipuka zvekunze
Maererano nemasayendisiti, gill inoratidzirwa nemahwendefa maduku muchikamu chepamusoro chemuviri wavo. Mhando iyi yemagill zvakare ine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvakadai sekuve nyore kukuvadza, kunyanya kupenya kune zvikara uye kuita kufamba mugungwa zvakanyanya kuoma.
Iwo ekunze magill akakura mumakungwa invertebrates senge molluscs, annelids, mhute yemumvura, nezvimwe. Uye pakati pedzimwe mhuka dzemumvura kana semi-aquatic vertebrates (amphibians) senge newts uye salamander dzemumvura.
Yemukati gills
Izvi zvinowanikwa muhove dzine mapapu uye dzinoda kuti dzive mukati madzo kuti dzikwanise kufema pasina dambudziko, kunyanya dziri pasi pe pharynx yehove, ipapo dzinopa kushandiswa zviri nani kune hurongwa hwayo hwekufema.
Rudzi urwu rwemagill runobuda zvakanyanya mumhuka dzemugungwa, sehove.
mhuka dzinofema nemumagill
Kuti ujekese zvimwe zvishoma kuti ndedzipi mhuka dzinofema kuburikidza negill, isu tinokuratidza iwe mune rondedzero, iwo anotevera:
Rena
Datya imhuka inonzi amphibian iyo kana yakamira inoda magill kuti ikwanise kufema, inoramba irimo, chinongoitika ndechekuti kana rakura rinoita mapapu nemaronda anoita kuti rikwanise kufema kunze kwemvura.
Pulpo
Octopus imhuka inoonekwa nekuve yerudzi rwe cephalopod uye inofema kuburikidza nemagill, nenzira imwechete ine ma cardiac ventricles matatu anoda oxygen kubva mugungwa kuti akwanise kushanda uye kutakura ropa kune imwe neimwe nhengo yemuviri wavo uye izvi. make anogonawo kudhonza inki yako.
Clam
Iine mapeya maviri emagill, ayo anoumbwa nemashizha e-ciliated. Pamusoro pezvo, vakabatsira mune osmotic regulation, digestion, uye excretion.
Shark
Mumarudzi ese kubva kuwhite shark kusvika kune whale shark, ine magill akagadzirwa nematishu kubva mumuviri wayo wecartilaginous anovhurika nepedyo kuti abvumire kupfuura kwemvura uye gasi kuchinjana.
Stingray
Shark ane cartilaginous gill structure, iyo iri muchikamu chezasi chemuviri, padyo nepazasi pezvimbi zvavo zvemushure.
Tsuro yegungwa
Imhando ye mollusk yakareba inosvika masendimita makumi maviri. Magill ayo anowanikwa chete kurudyi rwemusoro.
lungfish
Pamwe chete neveAustralia neveAfrica, vane kaviri kufema system inovabvumira kurarama kwemwaka kunze kwemvura, nenzira imwechete kune vamwe. mhuka dzinofema dzine tracheas zverudzi urwu
axolotl
Iyo axolotl imhuka iri mungozi inoda magill matatu kufema, inozvarwa kuMexico, magill emhuka iyi ari pamusoro pemusoro. Aya magill ari pamusoro waro muchimiro cheantenna anongogamuchira mvura yakachena kuti Axolotl irambe iri mhenyu.
gumbeze guru
Iyo giant manta imhando yehove chondrichthyan, kureva, hove ine cartilaginous skeleton, inogara mumvura inodziya uye mumvura isina kudzika yegungwa, kunyange zvazvo zvakaoma kuverenga kudzika, inozivikanwa kuti ndiyo. mhuka inogara mumakungwa.
bag lamprey
Hove iyi inofema kuburikidza nemagill, asi inofungidzirwa nenzira imwechete separasite yegungwa nokuti, inodya pamarara ehove, kana ichifema mvura inopinda nepakati pemvura uye inobuda nenzira imwechete, kusiyana nemamwe marudzi.
Ihove iyi inogona kufarirwa chete mumvura dzeAfrica uye inogona kurarama mumunyu nemvura yakachena, ndicho chikonzero ichionekwa sehove inonzi anadromous.
giant clam
Iyi hofori mollusk inogara muPacific Ocean uye inofema kuburikidza negill muchimiro chesiphon, kune rumwe rutivi, inoyamwa mukati uye kune imwe inodzinga.
Mamwe marudzi emhuka dzinofema nemumakonzo
- Blue shark, whale shark, hammerhead shark, ray shark, Eel shark
- Dorado, Tilia, Betta hove, Guppy
- Shumba, saw, wrasse, mwedzi
- Eels, Sturgeon, Tuna, cod, sardine
- Bighead, Discus, Scalar, Angelfish
- Catfish, Carp, Mudfish, Prawns, Shrimp, Crabs
- Swordfish, puffer, rainbow, stonefish, piranha
- Lobster, hozhwa dzemugungwa, urchins dzegungwa, mahosi egungwa, hove dzemugungwa
- Common Sea Cucumbers, Japanese Sea Cucumbers
- tadpoles
