Kubva kushiri dzakatariswa nevanhu kwemazana emakore kusvika kumazai avanodya mukudya kwavo, vanobva kuOviparous Mhuka, chikamu chakanyanya mukati mehumambo hwemhuka uye kwete nekuda kwechigadzirwa chinowanikwa mushure mekubereka, asiwo nekuda kwe maitiro netsika izvo mhuka dzinenge dzichitarisira, kunze kwemisiyano iyo idzi dzine nemhuka dzinoyamwisa.
The Oviparous Mhuka
Mhuka dziya dzine vana vanobuda mazai dzinonzi oviparous. Zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa kuti boka iri remhuka rinonyanya kuumbwa neshiri uye zvipembenene, zvisinei, mhando dzakadai seamphibians, hove uye zvinokambaira chikamu cheboka rakasarudzwa. Zvinoenderana nemabatiro avanopedzisa kubereka kwavo, kune mapoka maviri makuru emhuka, anogona kutsanangurwa se:
viviparous: Mbeu inokura munhengo yemukadzi panguva yakasiyana parudzi rumwe norumwe uye inobva yazvarwa ichipfuura nepanhengo yesikarudzi. Kazhinji mhuka dzese dzinoyamwisa, kusanganisira munhu, dziri mukati mechikamu ichi, kunyangwe paine mamwe mapako.
Oviparous: Mbeu inokura uye inokura mukati mezai, rakambosangana nemuenzaniso wechirume uye rinoiswa nehadzi, pakati paro tinogona kutaura parrot, datya, platypus, pakati pezvimwe.
Pane misiyano yakatanhamara pakati pawo, maererano nenguva dzekuzvara kwemwana nemhuka inoyamwisa, nepo oviparous inokandira mazai. Zvichienderana nemhando, kubereka kunogona kuitika mukati uye kunze kune muviri wemuenzaniso wechikadzi. Ichitaura nezvenyaya chaiyo, iya yematatya, uko kuberekesa kunoitika kunze, kunopesana neiyo yeshiri chero ipi zvayo.
Kuberekesa Cycle Characteristics
Kumhuka dzine mazai, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kubereka kunogona kuitika mukati kana kunze kwemuviri wemukadzi; nekuvandudzwa kwemarudzi emangwana, zvino, zvinoitikawo kuti zviri kunze kwemuviri wemuenzaniso wechikadzi. Mamiriro aya akasiyana kune shiri, amphibians nehove, kunyangwe mamwe marudzi ereptilian, senyoka, uye zvipembenene zvinonzi oviparous.
Inoonekwa seyakanakira kubva pakuona kwekushanduka-shanduka kuti mufananidzo weramangwana unozvarwa uye unokura kunze kwemuviri waamai, nekuti unokanganisa zvakanyanya huwandu hwehupenyu, nekuti chimiro chezai chinovhara embryo uye hachibvumire kuoma, chakakosha kana. chero rudzi rwuri kumera munzvimbo inopisa. Ukuwo, mhuka dzemumvura nehove dzinokandira mazai mumvura. Penguin ndidzo dzimwe mhuka dzinochochonya mazai. Idzi dzinouya dzakaputirwa ne-viscous dziviriro layer.
Zvakakosha kuratidza kuti kune mhuka dzakasanganiswa munyika, sezvo dzisiri viviparous kana oviparous muhuwandu hwadzo; aya anonzi ovoviviparous. Kumhuka idzi, hadzi painosangana nerume, mazai anoramba ari mukati mayo kusvikira anyatsokura. Ndinogona kutaura semuenzaniso kuti pfungwa yacho ijekese, mamwe marudzi emashaki.
Panguva yekusangana, mhuka dzeshaki dzechikadzi dzinotakura mazai mukati memuviri wadzo, uye, kana kutenderera kwapera, mazai anotanga kuputsa denga rinodzivirira, achichochonya mukati megadziriro yaamai yekubereka uye pakupedzisira, vana vanobva panzvimbo iyoyo. nokudaro kupedza kukura kwayo. Zvinofadza kuziva kuti haasi marudzi ose anoyamwisa mazai adzo nenzira imwe chete.
Kuiswa kwemazai
Oviparous marudzi haatarisi mazai avo nenzira imwechete, uyewo haateveri maitiro akafanana. Kupa nyaya yeshiri, iyo inogadzira matendere nezvinhu zvavanazvo munzvimbo yavo, kazhinji kubva pamiti, inovakwa pakati pematombo kana zvakare panzvimbo imwechete. Kana incubation ichiitika, mazuva akati wandei kana nguva yakareba inogona kupfuura pavanenge vachifurira, uye pazuva rekuzvarwa, vana vanopwanya nzvimbo yakavharwa yavakagadzira.
Dzimwe mhuka, dzakaita sekamba kana kuti makarwe, dzinochera gomba guru mujecha kana kuti pasi, padzinokandira mazai adzo kuitira kuti adzivirirwe kubva kuvavhimi uye kuti akure pasina dambudziko. Pakarepo mushure mekudziisa kunze kwekusvikirwa kwezvikara, dzinobuda kusvikira zvienzaniso zvitsva zvazvarwa. Kana dziri hove nemhuka dzomusango, dzinokandira mazai adzo mumvura inoyerera dzichisiya dziri panjodzi dzose, ichi chiri chikonzero chemwero wakaderera wokurarama.
Dzimwe dzemhuka dziripo oviparous
Kune marudzi akasiyana emhuka dzine oviparous dziripo munyika, dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndedzinotevera:
Nyuchi
Pashure pokunge yasangana, hadzi inounganidza urume nokudaro inogona kudzora kuwanda kwemazai aangagona kubereka. Imwe neimwe yezai inokwanisa kupa, ichaiswa muchitokisi, iyo yaimbopihwa nekita nemukume, kana zvakare kuve nemamwe madzimai munzvimbo yakafanana. Panguva yavanoberekwa, nyuchi dzose dzechikadzi, pasina kunze, dzichadyisa vana, pasinei nokuti ndevake.
Garwe
Panguva iyo mhuka iyi inoisa mapoka emazai mushure mekunge yachera gomba diki mujecha, ichikwanisa kugadzira dendere zvakare nezvinomera zviripo. Chimwe chinhu chekusimbisa pamusoro pechikara ichi ndechekuti kuberekwa kwevana kunoenderana nekupisa kwemukati, kunyangwe pabonde ravanogona kuita. Zvakataurwa nenzira iyi, kana tembiricha iri pedyo ne30 ° C, pane mukana wekuti mwana angave munhukadzi, uye kana iri pamusoro, ichava murume.
Mujuru
Ichi chipembenene chakanaka uye chinoshanda nesimba, icho chine oviparous uye chinotonhora-chine ropa, uye pasi pechinhu ichi uye nezvimwe zvakawanda, inoonekwa semhuka inoshamisa. Panguva iyo mazai avo achangosangana, vana vechikadzi vanobuda, zvino, kana vakasasangana, vana vacho varume. Panguva yekubata pamuviri, zvipembenene zvinodyiswa uye zvinodzivirirwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira nemajuru evashandi.
The Sparrow
Mukati merudzi rweshiri, iyi ndeimwe yeanowanikwa zviri nyore munharaunda yemaguta uye saka yakajairika. Hadzi dzinokwanisa kukandira mazai mana kusvika mashanu pachiitiko chimwe nechimwe, munguva imwe cheteyo. Tichiverenga zviri nyore, shiri duku dzine incubation ina, ine vana gumi nevaviri, vachida kuziva kuti mumwe wavo anogona kuchinjana nehadzi, kwemazuva gumi kuti abereke, achiteverwa kusvikira aberekwa.
zimudo chena
Shiri iyi inopedza kubereka kwayo munzvimbo dzine minda iri pedyo, yakabatana nemadhaka. Matendere avo anoshanduka kuve akasimba zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, sezvo iwo akavakwa nematavi nematanda pamisoro yemiti, kana munzvimbo ine hurefu hukuru. Mukono nehadzi dzemhando iyi dzinowana kuiswa kwegore negore, neine incubation nguva yemazuva makumi matatu, ichibereka vana vana panguva.
Echidna uye platypus
Mhando mbiri idzi dzinoenderana nemhuka mbiri dzinoyamwisa dziri mukati meboka reoviparous. Iwo akanyanya kunyanya, kunze kweashoma uye anonakidza mukati memhuka, kutanga neayo akasarudzika maumbirwo. Iyo echidna yakafanana nehedgehog, inokwanisa kukandira zai rimwe chete pane clutch.
Kudivi re<em>platypus, ine chinhu chinosanganisira kufanana nemhuka dzakati wandei, kusanganisira dhadha, beaver uye otter. Imhando ine muchetura unoruma; Pakukandira, inokandira mazai maviri chete nguva dzose, zvisinei, inogona kukandira kusvika kumatatu.
Tinokukumbirawo kuti uone zvinyorwa zvinotevera zvaunofarira:
- Masiponji
- Mhuka dzemumvura
- Mhuka dzemugungwa