Ndedzipi Mhuka Dziri Munjodzi Yekutsakatika Musango?

IAmazon inoumba paPlaneti Pasi, nzvimbo ine hupamhi uye hwakasiyana siyana zvipenyu. Dzimba mairi inokwana 10% yezvakanyoreswa fauna nemaruva. Kupi murume ndiye anova chikara chikuru chezvino Mhuka Dziri Mungozi dzeSango. Zvitsvage pano.

Mhuka Dziri Mungozi dzeSango

Tisati tapinda muzvinyorwa zve mhuka dzomusango dziri mungozi uye zvese zvinotenderera pairi, zvinodikanwa kuti uzive kuti Amazon ndiani uye mazhinji e data rayo rakakodzera. Iko kuti sango rinopisa rinomira kunze kwekufukidza 60%, kureva, inopfuura hafu yemasango ese aripo. Panyika, saka ndiro guru pane ose.

Inokwanisa kupa 20% yeokisijeni inoshandiswa paPlaneti Yepasi, zvinomera zvayo zvichiita semuchenetsi ane simba uye anogara aripo. Inotora carbon dioxide kuti ipe oxygen.

Nzvimbo Yemhuka dziri Munjodzi yekutsakatika kweSango

Sango reAmazon rinowanikwa muSouth America, richibatanidza munzvimbo dzaro dzekuwedzera nyika pfumbamwe dzinotevera. Mhuka dzemusango dziripi, idzo dzinoti:

• Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru neBolivia.

Hukuru hwayo hunofukidza 5,5 miriyoni mativi emakiromita, inobata ecosystem inosanganisira:

• 40.000 mhando dzemiti
• 2,5 mamiriyoni emarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvipembenene
• 427 marudzi emhuka dzinoyamwisa
• 1.300 Mhando dzeshiri
• 380 marudzi ezvinokambaira
• Mazana matatu nemazana mashanu emarudzi emaamphibian
• 3.000 marudzi ehove dzemvura yakachena

Iyo inosvika 10% yezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakanyoreswa paPlanet Earth.

Relevant Data yakapoteredza Mhuka dziri munjodzi yekuparara kweSango

Pakati peakasiyana-siyana akakodzera data akatenderedza mhuka dzomusango dziri mungozi Amazon ndiwo anotevera:

• Pamarudzi mashanu ari ose aripo ehove kana shiri, imwe inowanwa ichigara musango rinogara richinaya reAmazon.
• Pakati pe400 ne500 madzinza echiAmerindian anodana Amazon musha. Pakati pavo vangangoita makumi mashanu, vane tsika yavo chaiyo, pamwe nemutauro. Kuchengetedza kusasiya zvakatipoteredza, kusava nekuonana nekunze uye kugara chete sevavhimi vanotama uye vaunganidzi.
• Inoyambuka nerwizi rweAmazon, rwunova rwakarebesa pasi rose, nemakiromita 7.062.
• Nekuda kwekuwanda kwezvinomera zvayo, 1% chete yemwaranzi inobva kuZuva ndiyo inosvika pasi.
• Kuwanda uye kukora kwesango rayo kunogoverwa zvikurukuru neSahara Desert, iro ndiro rinoripa nefetireza yakakwirira. Iyo isiri imwe kunze kwephosphorus, iyo inosvika kuburikidza nemhepo, iyo inobatana neiyo inogadzirwa muAtlantic Ocean. Kusvikira wazadzisa chinangwa chako.
• Kuvakwa kweTrans-Amazon Highway, 20% yenzvimbo yayo yakatorerwa nyika.
• Vanamazvikokota vanovimbisa kuti kutemwa kwemasango kunoenderera mberi sezvavakaita kunyange nemafuro. Mukati memakore makumi mana Amazon Rainforest haizovepo.
• Mari inodarika zviuru zvitatu zvemichero yakakohwewa nekudyiwa nevanhu munyika, inobva munzvimbo ino yakanaka.
• 80% yezvikafu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodyiwa pasi rose zvinounganidzwa musango iri.
• 25% yemishonga yekuMadokero inoshandiswa pasi rose inobatanidza zvinhu kubva kuAmazon.
• Chikara chayo chechipiri ndechekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
• Ivhu rayo rine zvicherwa zvishoma, zvichiita kuti kurima kusingagoneki.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivWaILlSIec

Mhuka Huru dziri muNgozi yekutsakatika kweSango

Kuvepo kwemhuka dzakawanda dziri munjodzi yekutsakatika musango, kunopihwa nezviitiko zvakaita se:

• Kutemwa kwemasango
• kuparara kwesango
• Shanduko Yemamiriro ekunze
• Kusvibiswa kwemvura
• moto unowanzoitika
• Kusvibiswa kwevhu
• kutengesa mhuka
• Kurasikirwa kwekugara, pakati pevamwe.

Kuunza semhedzisiro, mari yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva mhuka dzomusango dziri mungozi. Kuve muenzaniso wavo, izvo zvinotsanangurwa pazasi:

ingwe katsi

Pamhuka dziri munjodzi yekutsakatika musango, katsi ingwe, inozivikanwawo semaracaya, tigrillo, margay kana yaguatirica, imhando yemhuka dzinodya nyama. Vemhuri "Felidae", ane zita rezvesayenzi - "Leopardus wiedi". Iyo, maererano neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature, inowanzozivikanwa seIUCN, iri pasi pechikamu che "Near Threatened" nekutsakatika.

Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuva nehunhu hweusiku uye kugara mumiti, ndiko kuti, ndeye arboreal. Kazhinji inogara yega. Pakati pemusoro nemuviri ine hurefu hunotangira pamakumi mana kusvika pamakumi matanhatu masendimita. Maziso ayo akajeka uye muswe wayo wakareba, unosvika 40% yehurefu huri pakati pemusoro nemuviri. Huremu hwayo hunowanzosvika 60 kilograms uye kudya kwayo kunobva pamhuka diki dzinewo maitiro arboreal.

Gondo

Gondo, rinozivikanwawo nemazita egondo guru, harpy kana harpy kana "Harpia harpyja". Imhando ye diurnal shiri yemhuka, ye "Accipitridae" mhuri. Iyo inoratidzwa nekuve imwe yemhuka dziri munjodzi yekutsakatika musango, iri maererano ne "Red List" yeIUCN, pasi pechikamu che "Anenge Anotyisidzirwa".

Iyo ine hunhu hweshiri yenyika yePanama, inomiririra Colombian Air Force uye ndicho chiratidzo chinosiyanisa zvipenyu zvakasiyana munyika yeEcuadorian. Nekukura kwayo, hadzi yakati kurei pane murume. Pakati pebapiro nebapiro inogona kusvika 200 centimita, nepo murume, 195 centimita. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti inoratidzwa seimwe yeshiri huru munyika yose.

Nezvekudya kwayo, inomira semhando yepamusoro inodya. Zvinoreva kuti iri pamusoro pecheni yechikafu, saka haina zvikara. Zvokudya zvavanofarira ndezvetsoko, shiri, masloth, zvinokambaira, guaches kana caotíes, mhuka dzevana dzakadai searmadillos, nondo, nguruve dzesango, pakati pezvimwe.

amazon manatee

Iyo Amazonian manatee, ine zita resainzi rinonzi "Trichechus inunguis", imhando ye sirenium, kureva, placental marine mammal. Iyo ndeye mhuri "Trichechidae". Maererano neInternational Union for the Conservation of Nature, iri pasi pechikamu che "Vulnerable" yekutsakatika.

Hugaro hwayo hunogoverwa mune dzinenge nhanhatu dzenyika pfumbamwe umo mhuka dziri mungozi yokutsakatika dzomusango dzinowanwa. Parwizi rweAmazon, ari marudzi, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador neBolivia. Ukuwo, inogara muPanama Canal, uko yakaunzwa nechinangwa chekudzora kukura kwezvinomera zvemumvura.

Izvo zvinonzwisiswa, kuti inhengo yerondedzero ye Mhuka dzinokanganisa, iyo zvokudya zvayo zviri pachena maruva emvura. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuve yega, saka inoonekwa ichiperekedzwa chete panguva yekubatana. Muviri wayo unogona kusvika pahuremu huri pakati pe300 ne500 kilograms uye avhareji urefu hwe2,80 metres.

Giant Anteater

Mhungu hombe, inozivikanwawo nezita rebheya, bere remuti wemuchindwe kana yurumí. Ndechimwe che mhuka dzomusango dziri mungozi inova ye suborder ye placental mammals eiyo order "pilosa". Sainzi inogamuchira zita re "Myrmecophaga tridactyla". Zvinoenderana ne "Red List" yeInternational Union for Conservation of Nature, iri pasi pechikamu che "Vulnerable" yekutsakatika.

Muviri wake unogona kuyera pakati pe2,20 metres kusvika 3,00 metres. Kurema pakati pe120 kusvika ku200 kilogram. Muswe, kune chikamu chayo, unogona kuyera pakati pe 1,50 metres kusvika 1,80 metres uye rurimi rwayo rwunosvika 75 centimita. Haina mazino. Kudya kwavo kunobva pazvipembenene, izvo zvinonamatira kune yavo inonamira uye chaiyo rurimi.

Ine makumbo emberi akasimba zvikuru pamwe chete nembambo dzakapinza zvikuru dzinoita kuti dzipinde mumirwi yemujuru. Pamwe nekuzvidzivirira kubva kune vanoirwisa, vakadai sepuma nejaguar.

Puma

Iyo cougar, inozivikanwawo nemazita eAmerican shumba kana shumba yemakomo uye ane zita resainzi "Puma concolor". Imhando ye "Felidae" mhuri, yakaberekerwa kuAmerica. Zvinoenderana neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature kana IUCN, iri pasi pechikamu che "Kunetseka Kusina" kwekutsakatika.

MuAmerican Continent ndiyo mhuka yechipiri pakukura, yekutanga iri jaguar. Zvisinei, pamusoro peavo vakanyoreswa pasi rose, ndiyo yechina pakukura. Inobatanidza rondedzero yemhuka dzine chikafu chinodya zvachose, kuisa mhembwe, nondo, guanacos, elk, makonzo uye kunyange zvipembenene sezvokudya zvinosarudzwa.

Zvinoonekwa nekuva nehunhu hwenzvimbo. Kunyangwe ichirondedzerwa sechikara chakanakisa, kana ichienzaniswa nejaguar, iri pamberi payo. Vanhukadzi vanogona kudarika makirogiramu makumi matanhatu, nepo varume, 60 makirogiramu.

Golden Parrot

Iyo parrot yegoridhe, inonziwo yellow aratinga, guaruba macaw kana yellow parakeet. Iine zita resainzi "Guaruba guarouba", imhando yeshiri dze "Psittaciformes", dzinogara kurudzi rweBrazil. Zvinoenderana ne "Red List", yakapihwa neInternational Union for the Conservation of Nature, iri pasi pechikamu che "Vulnerable" yekutsakatika.

Nesting yezvipenyu inoitwa mumazariro aripo mumiti yakasiyana-siyana. Kukura kwayo kunobva pa 35 centimita kureba, nepo uremu hwayo hunogona kusvika nyore kusvika 275 gramu. Chikafu chinosarudzwa imbeu, pamwe chete nemichero. Ruvara rweminhenga yaro rwakanyatsojeka. Vachingova nechekumucheto kweminhenga yemapapiro azvo, ruvara rwakasvibira rwavanosvika zvishoma nezvishoma.

Giant otter

Of the mhuka dzomusango dziri mungozi, hofori otter, inonziwo ariray kana choker wolf, ine zita resainzi rinonzi "Pteronura brasiliensis". Icho chiri pakati peavo, maererano neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature kana IUCN, ine categorization ye "Endangered" yekutsakatika. Mhuka iyi ndiyo yega mhando yerudzi, yakavambwa maererano neGrey muna 1837, ye "Pteronura".

Ndiyo yakareba kupfuura yose yemamustelids, iine hurefu hunosvika pakati pe 1,50 mamita uye 1,80 mamita. Kana huri uremu hwavo, vanogona kusvika nyore makirogiramu 45. Maitiro avo ane ruzha zvachose, magariro uye nharaunda, vachigara mumapoka enhengo dzinosvika sere.

Hove dzinokunda mukudya kwadzo uye kechipiri magakanje, makudo nemaanaconda madiki nedzimwe nyoka. Kunyangwe iri mhuka inogara mumvura, maitiro ayo anoenderana nekureruka kwepasi. Muvengi wake mukuru munhu.

Jaguar

Iyo jaguar, inozivikanwawo nemazita ekuti yaguareté, tiger, American tiger, jaguar, otorongo kana jaguar, ine zita resainzi rinonzi "Panthera onca". Iyo feline ndeye subfamily "Pantherinae, mhuri" Felidae ", ye genus "Panthera". Inomira semhuka hombe muAmerica uye yechitatu murekodhi yenyika.

Zvinoenderana ne "Red List" yeInternational Union for Conservation of Nature, iri pasi pechikamu che "Near Threatened" nekutsakatika. Pakati pekureruka kwavo kwakajairika kushambira, saka ivo vanobatanidzwa nenzvimbo dzine kuvepo kwemvura.

Chikafu chayo chekudya chinotangira padiki kusvika kumhuka hombe, iri mhuka inodya uye ine mukana wakanyanya. Pakati payo, nondo, capybaras kana chigüires, nguruve dzomusango, anacondas, hove, matatya, shiri, turtle, nezvimwewo.

Kurumwa kwemhuka iyi kunoonekwa seimwe yeinonyanya kuuraya, kukwanisa kupinda mumagoko nemadehenya zviri nyore. Imhuka ine hunyanzvi, yakasimba, ine mano uye ine tsandanyama inoyamwisa. Varume vanogona kuyera uye kunyange kudarika 100 kilograms, nepo vakadzi, maererano neizvi, vanoratidza kusiyana kushoma muhuremu. Hono dzinoda kushanda dziri dzoga, nepo hadzi dzichigara nevana vadzo.

Pink dolphin

Iyo pink dolphin, inozivikanwawo se tonina, Amazon dolphin, bufeo kana boto, ine zita resainzi rinonzi "Inia geoffrensis". Imhando yeboka remhuka dzinoyamwisa dzemhuri "Iniidae" uye genus "Inia". Kudya kwavo kunobva pahove dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye hukuru, pamwe chete nemakanje uye kunyange Turtles. Muvara wavo unoshanduka nezera, kubva pakuberekwa ivo vachava nerima grey hue, kusvikira pakukura vasvika kune uyo anovapa zita ravo.

Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuve cetacean ine yakaratidza yebonde dimorphism, apo mukadzi anosvika 55% mudiki pane varume. Tichifunga kuti varume vanogona kuyera avhareji yemamita 2,30, nehupamhi hwe2,55 metres. Inowanikwa seimwe yemhuka dziri mungozi yesango, iyo maererano ne "Red List" yakabudiswa neIUCN. Iri pasi pechikamu che "Mungozi" yekunyangarika. Maitiro ake anoonekwa nekuve ega.

Capuchin monkey

Iyo capuchin tsoko, inozivikanwawo nemazita ekuti "Mono capuchino de Azara" kana "Mono caí bayo". Iyo ine kuzivikanwa kwesainzi kwe "Sapajus Cay". Iri imhando ye primates inonzi "platyrrhines", zvinoreva "tsoko dzenyika itsva". Iyo, maererano neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature, iri pasi pechikamu che "Ichinetsekana" chekutsakatika. Kune rumwe rutivi, mhando dzayo dzakafanana neSouth America.

Inogara mumombe uye kudya kwayo kunobva pamichero, mashizha matsva, pamwe chete nemhuka duku ipi zvayo yainowana munzira yayo. Ivo vanozivikanwa nekuve nehukuru hudiki, hunotangira kubva ku45 centimita pakureba. Kuratidza kuratidzwa kakawanda pakati pevanhu vemarudzi, pamisoro yavo yakasiyaniswa crests kana tufts.

Pavanenge vasvika pazera ravo rekukura, vanonyatsotsanangura ruvara rwemvere dzavo. Ipo mamwe anogona kunge ari dorsally brown, greyish brown, palepale kana tsvuku. Nepo, maererano nenzvimbo yayo yemukati, ruvara runogona kushanduka rutsvuku - rutsvuku kuchiedza.

hyacinth macaw

Iyo hyacinth macaw, nesainzi inozivikanwa nezita rekuti "Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus". Imhando yeshiri, ye "Psittacidae" mhuri, kureva, maparrots. Izvo zvinowanikwa maererano neregistry yakabudiswa ne "Red List". Kubva kuInternational Union for Conservation of Nature, inowanzozivikanwa seIUCN, pasi pechikamu che "Vulnerable" kubva mukutsakatika.

Kuve sechikara chikuru, munhu, anomudzingirira kusvika amubata kuti awane pundutso kubva pachiri. Pakati pekutsanangurwa kwayo kwakatanhamara, ine, iyo inoratidzwa nekuve yakakura macaw. Pazvinowanzojairika kuti kureba kwayo pakati pebapiro nebapiro kutenderere pakati pe 120 centimita ne 140 centimita. Nepo kureba kwayo kuri pakati pe70 centimeters, uye inogona kusvika pahupamhi hwe140 centimita.

Kudya kwavo kunobva panzungu, michero yakaibva, ine mango sekuda kwavo, pamwe nembeu, nhungirwa, michero, mashizha matsva nemaruva. Kusasiya parutivi kudya kwako kwezuva nezuva kwevhu kunokubvumira kuti utsive kurasikirwa kwemaminerari anokonzerwa nekudya kwekudya pasina kukwana kwakakwana.

Zvinokonzera Mhuka Dziri Mungozi dzeSango

Kuvapo kana mukana wekuitika mhuka dzomusango dziri mungozi. Zvinoreva kuti mhuka, pasina kupokana, inogona kunyangarika zvachose kubva pasirese. Imo kwete chete munhu akarasika, asi mhuri yake yese. Hapana mukana wekuti zvizoonekwa zvakare mukati memhuka. Kuve nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukonzera, pakati pazvo zvinotevera:

Zvikonzero Zvakasikwa Zvemhuka Munjodzi Yekutsakatika kweSango

Pakati pezvikonzero zvechisikigo, zvakakosha ndezvi:

• Njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga: Ichi chinhu chinosanganisira zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukonzera kutsakatika kwerudzi rwemhuka. Maererano nehukuru uye hukuru hwayo, mamwe acho ari moto wemasango, kuputika kwemakomo, madutu, kusanaya kwemvura kukuru uye kwenguva refu, pakati pezvimwe.
• Kupedzwa kweHupenyu Cycle: Chipenyu chega chega chine denderedzwa rehupenyu uye kana izvi zvazadzikiswa, kuguma kwedariro kunosvika. Ichi hachisi chiitiko chakasimba, asi mune imwe nzira inofanirwa kuverengerwa, kana paine vanhu vashoma verudzi uye kuberekana kusati kwaitwa zvakakwana.
• Zvinokwanisika Kusvibisa Mamiriro ezvinhu: Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nechirwere chinotapukira pakati penhengo dzerudzi. Izvo, kunyangwe zvisiri zvenguva dzose, ichiri mukana unounza kutsakatika.

Zvikonzero Zvinokonzerwa Nemunhu

Pakati pezvikonzero zvinokonzerwa nevanhu zvakanyanya zvinotevera:

• Kutemwa kwemasango: Ichi chiito chakaitwa nemunhu kuti agadzirise ivhu kune chimwe chinangwa. Icho chikamu chechimwe chezvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvinotungamirira mukurasikirwa kwemarudzi kuburikidza nekuinyima nzvimbo yaro, tsika, chikafu uye kubudirira. Kunze kweizvozvo inogadzira kusvibiswa kukuru kwevhu nemhepo. Kukurudzira kudziya kwepasi nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukonzera dambudziko rekutsakatika pasi rose.
• Kusvibiswa: Iri dambudziko rine simba rinokanganisa mvura dzenzizi nemakungwa, ivhu, mhepo, pakati pezvimwe. Kuva mienzaniso yavo, kudururwa kunopfuurira uye kusingasaruri kwetsvina ine chepfu kumvura nemaindasitiri nemamwe. Kudzingwa kwechigarire kwemagasi mukati mezvakatipoteredza, nemotokari, maindasitiri nevamwe. Kusatendeseka kubvumira mahombekombe nemvura kuita dongo remarara, pakati pezvimwe. Iwo chikamu chechikamu chezvizhinji zvinosvibisa.
• Kuvhima uye Kutengesa Mhuka: Muitiro uyu wakaparira kuti marudzi mazhinji zvino ave mhuka dziri mungozi yokutsakatika dzomusango. Tichifunga kuti nenzira isingasaruri uye isiri pamutemo sango razova nharaunda yakajairika kana kuti yakajairika mukutengeswa kwemarudzi. Maitiro ari kufumura vazhinji kuti vatsakatike, nekuda kwechokwadi chekuwana purofiti nemutengo wemhuka isina dziviriro.
• Kubatanidzwa kweZvisikwa: Iyi nzira inoitwa nenzira yakajairika inokonzera kusagadzikana kweiyo ecosystem. Sezvinoita nguva zhinji territorialism, kudzikira muvanhu verudzi uye kutsakatika kuzere kunobvira kana kunobvira.

Migumisiro inokonzera kutsakatika kwemarudzi

Migumisiro iyo kuvapo kwe mhuka dzomusango dziri mungozi Kune akawanda, apo anonyanya kukosha ndeaya anotevera:

• Kurasikirwa kweGenetic Diversity: Mhuka dzakawanda padzinenge dzakakomberedzwa nekusagadzikana kwemarudzi adzo, ndiko kukurumidza kurasika kwemarudzi adzo akasiyana. Kusvikira nguva yasvika apo mhindumupindu haigoni kuitika, ichitsakatika.
• Kupera kana Kuparara Kwenzvimbo kana Habitat: Izvi zvinoita mhedzisiro inotyisa, nekuti ecosystem inochengetwa kwete chete nemaruva ayo, asiwo nemhuka dzayo. Apo mhuka dzayo dzinopera, maruva anosara asina kudzivirirwa, achirasikirwa nekuenzanisa kwawo.
• Kunyangarika kana Kutsakatika kweMhuka: Mhedzisiro iyi inotanga kuve yakanyarara panguva iyo mhuka inova nhengo ye "Red List". Zvemhuka dziri munjodzi yekutsakatika zvakapihwa neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature kana IUCN. Kuunza nayo, zvingangoita zviviri chete, izvo: chengetedza mhando kana kurasikirwa nayo zvachose. Imo munhu achagara aine izwi rekupedzisira, nekuti ndiye ane simba rekudzoreredza chiito chinoriburitsa.