Inomiririra chikamu che morphology yedzimwe mhuka dzine vertebrate uye invertebrate. Kuzvibata sechivharo chekudzivirira zvakanyanya kunharaunda yakavakomberedza, kutyisidzira kana zvikara. Ndicho chikonzero mhuka dzinoshamisa kuburikidza ne mhuka dzine shelled. Zvitsvage pano.
Shelled Mhuka
Zuva nezuva zvisikwa zvinoratidzira mashiripiti uye hukuru kuburikidza naro Flora nemhuka. Izvo izvo zvinogoneka kunyura mune zvinokatyamadza uye zvinonakidza zviyero zvinoumba hupenyu hwechirimwa. Pamwe chete nedzimwe mhuka dzine vertebrate uye invertebrate.
Iko mamorphology avo akasiyanisa zvinoshamisa uye chaiwo maficha, sezvazvakaita mhuka dzine shelled. Kuti vane chivharo ichi chakasiyana chinoshanda sechidziviriro chekudzivirira, kwete chete kubva kune zvakatipoteredza uye zviitiko zvayo, asiwo kubva kune zvinogona kuitika kune avo vanovadya. Kuvabvumira, nguva zhinji kuti vasiyane nazvo, nekushandisa hunyanzvi hwavo mukuita, vachizvidzivirira nekavha yavo chaiyo.
Kuti uwane pfungwa yezvainomiririra mumhuka inoitakura, goko, maererano neRoyal Spanish Academy yeMutauro, ndeiyi:
"Hard cover, yemhando yakasiyana zvichienderana nenyaya, inodzivirira muviri weimwe mhuka, dzakadai seprotozoa, crustaceans uye turtles."
Mupfungwa iyi, chinhu ichi, zvichienderana nemhando yemhuka, inogona kuoneswa uye kuratidzwa mune dzakaomarara kana kuchinjika mafomu. Inogonawo kuva yakasiyana uye isingagumi, sezvakangoita turtles. Uyewo, mhuka yacho inogona kudonhedza sezvainokura uye ichikura, sezvinoitwa negakanje, kana kuti kuifukidza kusvika kumakumbo ayo, sezvinoitwa nelobster.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chivharo kana nhovo inodzivirira iyo molluscs inotakura mune yavo morphology inonzi "shell" uye kwete goko. Tichifunga kuti goko iri rine chimiro chakasiyana, chakaumbwa uye chakaumbwa ne "mineral tissue". Iyo inozadzisa kukura kwayo kuburikidza ne "mantle" iyo mhuka imwechete inovanza. Saka kuwana iyo mollusk iri mubvunzo inogona kurarama uye zvakare kudzivirira muviri wayo, uyo wakapfava muchimiro.
Kudzidzira kwako kuMhuka nemaShells kwakadii?
Maererano nemhando, munhu anofanira mhuka dzine shelled, vanayo mumorphology yavo, sechikamu cheskeleton yavo yemukati kana skeleton yavo yekunze. Izvi zvinoreva zvinotevera:
skeleton yemukati
Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti, muumambo hweboka remhuka dzemhuka, kune zvose bony uye cartilaginous skeletons. Chii, chinonzi endoskeleton. Kupatsanurwawo, kupatsanurwa kana kupatsanurwa, muhunde nemakumbo, nekukura kunoenderana nekukura kwemhuka. Kutanga kukura kwayo panguva ye embryo stage.
Ipo izvi, maererano nechimiro chazvo, chinova chimiro chavo uye chimiro, chine goko rakanamirwa kune chii chiri mbabvu cage uye musana. Kuve, nenzira iyi, goko pacharo, iyo imwechete seti inobatanidza skeleton yemukati yemhuka.
External Skeleton
Skeleton yekunze inoratidzirwa nekubata muchimiro chayo kana morphology, zvishoma zviitiko maererano nekuremekedza mhuka pachayo. Iri skeleton rekunze rinonzi exoskeleton, kana dermoskeleton uye rinozadzisa basa rekufukidza pamusoro pemuviri wemhuka.
Kuve nekuzadzisa zvinodiwa, kupa pekugara, zvakare kufema uye nezvimwe zvakawanda. Kugadzira, kupa, kufambisa uye kugadzirisa tsigiro inodiwa maererano nemuscular uye chimiro chemukati chemhuka. Uyezve, kuvadzivirira kubva kune zviitiko zvezvakatipoteredza, zvakadai sekunyorova kana kupisa kwakanyanya, pakati pevamwe. Muenzaniso weizvi ndezvimwe molluscs uye crustaceans.
Mabasa Anopihwa ne "Shell"
Pakati pemabasa akasiyana-siyana anomiririra, mu mhuka dzine shelled, zvinotevera zvinoratidzwa:
- Inopa uye inoreva pekugara, pekugara, dziviriro uye kunyangwe rubatsiro, pamberi pezvikara zvakajairika.
- Inovhara, inofarira uye inodzivirira, pamberi pezviitiko zvezuva nezuva zvezvakatipoteredza.
- Inoshanda sechidziviriro chekudzivirira nhengo dzomukati dzemhuka.
- Inopa, inobvuma uye inoita kuti mhuka dzine mateko dzive dzakakwana kana kuti biological kujairana nemhoteredzo yakadzipoteredza.
Mienzaniso yeMhuka dzine Internal Shell
Ivo muenzaniso we mhuka dzine skeleton yemukati, ndiko kuti, yakabatanidzwa mumutsara wepelinha kana musana, iyo inopa kudzivirira kumisungo, nhengo uye nervous system. Kugamuchira zita endoskeleton, zvinotevera:
Bat
Chiroptera kana kuti inowanzonzi "zviremwaremwa", iyo ine zita resainzi "Chiroptera", inoratidzirwa nekuve mhuka inoyamwisa inoyamwisa ine goko remukati, ichidzivirira nhengo dzayo. Mitezo yayo yepamusoro ine budiriro muchimiro chemapapiro.
Ndiyo chete mhuka inoyamwisa, kubva muboka remhuka dzine demhe, ine hunhu hwekukwanisa kubhururuka. Iyo inyanzvi yekudzora tupukanana, pamwe netumbuyu. Kusanganisira mukudya kwavo, michero, maruva, zvakaora, zvipuka zvidiki, hove, amphibians, shiri, zvinokambaira, pakati pevamwe. Izvo zvichasiyana zvichienderana nerudzi, kuwanikwa uye nzvimbo.
Swordfish
Swordfish kana inonziwo "palá tsono", ine zita resainzi "Xiphias gladius". Imhando yehove dzepeciform, inova ndiyo yakanyanya kurongeka yemhuka dzine vertebrates, ndeye "Xiphiidae" mhuri. Iine muromo wakatsetseka uye wakareba kwazvo, izvo zvinoita kuti ishandiswe zvakanaka kana ichizvidzivirira.
Inodya squid, tuna, hove dzinobhururuka, barracuda, mackerel, nezvimwe. Pakati pemafambiro ayo, ndiko kudzika mumaawa emasikati, kuchinja kune nzvimbo dziri pedyo nepamusoro pehusiku. Imhuka iri chikamu cheavo vanoredzerwa kutamba.
Toad
Toad, nesainzi "Bufonidae", iboka remhuka dzemufibhi, dzinova dzekirasi yemhuka dzine vertebrates. Ganda ravo rakaoma uye rakaoma, iro ndiro mutsauko mukuru kubva kumatatya, ane ganda rakatsetseka uye rakanyorova. Ukuwo, izvi mhuka dzine shelled mukati, vanoratidzwa nekufamba panzvimbo yekusvetuka, kuva uchapupu, hurefu hupfupi hwemakumbo avo.
Vanowanikwa mune chero rudzi rwekugara. Havana mazino. Kubudirira kwayo kunoitika kuburikidza nemetamorphosis. Kutanga nekuva tadpole, isina makumbo uye kufema kuburikidza nemagill. Kusvikira pakupedzisira kufema kwava pulmonary, inokura makumbo uye muswe wekutanga unonyangarika. Inodya dandemutande, masvosve, mujuru, nezvimwe.
Mienzaniso yeMhuka dzine Shell Yekunze
Mienzaniso ye mhuka dzine shelled kunze, ndiko kuti, kunopiwa nechimiro chekunze chinovhara muviri wemhuka, ichichipa nekuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera. Kugona zvakare kuchinjika, kugamuchira zita reexoskeleton, zvinotevera:
Nyuchi
Nyuchi, dzine zita resainzi rekuti "Anthophila", ikirasi yemhuka dzisina vertebrate, dzeiyo phylum yeArthropods. Iyo ine muchimiro chayo, mapeya matatu emakumbo, maviri antenna uye maviri maviri emapapiro. Mapapiro ayo ane membranous, saka inonzi "hymenoptera". Iyo exoskeleton yaro inoumbwa ne "chitin", ichipa kugadzikana, kunze kwekupa dziviriro kune zvikamu izvo muviri wakakamurwa.
Inoratidzwa nekuve chipembenene chevanhu, chinogara mumaputo, chinoumbwa nenyuchi yehosi, nyuchi dzevashandi, dzisingabereki, uye drones, idzo dziri varume. Dzinowanzodya mukume nenekita kubva mumaruva, izvo zvinovabvumirawo kupa chikafu chemakonye.
Makara
Makakanje ikrustaceans inozivikanwa nezita resainzi rekuti "Brachyura". Izvi zvikamu zvemhuka dzine shell, yakapiwa exoskeleton, iyo chikamu che "chitin". Izvozvo zvinopa dziviriro senhoo. Muchigadziro chayo pane makumbo mashanu emakumbo, rimwe rawo richigadzirwa sepini, iyo inogona kutora zvokudya kana kuita chimwe chiito, sekudzivirira.
Nezvekudya kwayo, ndeyeboka re Omnivorous mhuka. Kuti zvinotora sechikafu, zvese zvazvinowana munzira yayo, semakonye, mamwe makustaceans, hove diki, molluscs, pakati pevamwe. Ndiyo mukana mukuru, saka pachinzvimbo chekuvhima, inofarira kumirira kufamba kwemvura kuti ikande chikafu pamakumbo ayo, yakadzikama.
Mites
Iyo mite, iyo inonziwo acarina, ndeye subclass "Acari", ye arachnids. Kuve neiyo kirasi yavanoenda, ndeyeiyo arthropods. Kuve zvese zvemumvura uye zvepasi uye zvinokwanisa kutapurirana, zvichienderana nerudzi, huwandu hwezvirwere. Izvi ndezve mhuka dzine shelled, iyo inosanganisira kudya kwakasiyana-siyana, maererano nemarudzi, pakati pezvinotevera zvinobuda pachena:
- Hematophagous (yeropa)
- Detritivores kana saprophagous (ye organic matter)
- Herbivores
Muenzaniso weMhuka dzine Inner uye Outer Shells
Iyo fauna yakasiyana-siyana, inonakidza uye inoshamisa, iyo inosanganisirawo mhuka dzine shelled mukati uye kunze, kureva, endoskeleton uye exoskeleton. Pakati payo pane zvinotevera:
armadillos
Armadillos, ane zita resainzi - "Dasypodidae". Imhuka inoyamwisa, inova yehurongwa "Cingulata". Kuti ine endoskeleton inobvumira kuti ipe nhengo dzomukati kuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera, pamwe chete ne exoskeleton, sechipfeko chekunze. Iyo inoumbwa nejuxtaposed bony plates, ayo anowanzo kurongwa mumitsara yakachinjika.
Ndiyo imwe yemhuka dzine goko rine hunyanzvi kana hunyanzvi hwekuumburudza, ichisara iine chimiro chakafanana nebhora rinoita kuti richengetedzwe zvachose kubva kune vekunze, izvo zvinogona kukonzera imwe njodzi, pamwe nekurwisa. zvingakonzereswa nevanoidya. Maitiro ayo ndeakawanda husiku, ari zvakare inyanzvi yekuchera. Inodya zvipembenene, zvakaora uye zvinomera, zvichiita kuti ive mhuka yezvipembenene uye omnivorous.
Pangolin
Pangolin, iyo genus "Manis", imhuka ye "felidoto" inoyamwisa. Muviri wayo wakafukidzwa nezvikero zvakakura, zvinenge zvakazara, inova ndiyo exoskeleton yayo. Kunze kwezvo, mukati muchimiro chayo, kune endoskeleton yayo inopa kudzivirira kune nhengo dzayo. Kufanana nearmadillo, inokwanisa kukunguruka kuita bhora kana chimiro chebhora.
Izvo zvavanouraya kuti vazvidzivirire kubva kune chimwe chinhu chinoratidza njodzi, kutyisidzira kana zvikara zvavo. Ukuwo, izvi mhuka dzine shelledHavana mazino, saka havagone kutsenga. Dzinodya majuru kana mujuru, izvo zvavanotora nerurimi rwavo rurefu rwakanamira. Kazhinji anoonekwa achiperekedzwa kana aine waanofambidzana naye, nekuti imhuka inofarira kuva yoga.
