Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekushongedza anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukati uye kushongedza kwebindu, sezviri munyaya iyi Birch, muti mutsvuku mutsvuku une chitarisiko chakanaka, mukuwedzera kune hukuru hwemishonga, ngatizivisei pano munyaya ino zvose pamusoro pemuti uyu wakakurumbira, the Birch.
birch
Birch inoonekwa seimwe yemiti yefagales order, iri chikamu chemhuri yebetulaceae, inozivikanwawo sebetulas. Birch ndeimwe yemiti mikuru inowanzoitika mukondinendi yeEurope, ichive chikamu chenhamba yakawanda yemapindu anoratidzwa nemamiriro ekunze anodziya.
Izvo zvimiro izvo Birch inazvo zvakanyanya nekuti ingori makwati machena pahunde yaro, ine zvakare yakanyanya kunyanya kutaridzika kwematsutso. Inotsvakwa zvakanyanya nekuti inoda nzvimbo diki yekuvandudza, saka, iwe unogona kuve nenharaunda yakakura yeBirch miti, ichipa iyo nzvimbo kubata kwakanaka kweparadhiso yemapindu nemasango ari pedyo.
Kazhinji, Birch inogona kusvika pakakwirira nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzechikadzi uye maruva ane hunhu, inogona zvakare kushandiswa kuwana mabhenefiti akasiyana sehuni, midzi, mashizha uye muto, ese ari kushandiswa zvakanyanya kune akasiyana zvivakwa zvinotakurwa. kunze munharaunda.
Birches anomira pachena nekuda kwemishonga yawo, nekuda kwehuwandu hwawo hwevhitamini C, methyl salicylate, resin uye mafuta akakosha, inopa mabhenefiti akasiyana emuviri uye nekurwisa zvirwere zvakasiyana siyana, saka zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakagadziridzwa kune zvinhu zveBirch. mumunda we botany, mushonga uye biochemistry, ichiratidza kukosha kwayo kukuru munharaunda.
Kwakabva uye Hunhu
Birch inogona kuzivikanwa seyakajairika birch, European birch, kuchema birch, chena birch, pendulum birch, populari yemusango, biezo, beduch, white alder, albar uye pakati pevamwe, zita rayo resainzi riri Betula pendula, rinoenderana nemuti unodonha nekuti panguva imwe. nguva yegore inorasa mashizha kunyanya mumwaka yechando uye mamwe anotorasikirwa nemashizha awo mumwaka wokusanaya kwemvura.
Iwo muti wakaberekerwa kuEurope, unogonawo kuonekwa muNorth Africa neSouthwest Asia, zvipenyu zvakatoonekwa kuchamhembe kweTurkey, Caucasus uyewo muCanada. Kuve muti unozivikanwa kwazvo wenzvimbo dzinotonhora uye mamiriro ekunze akadzikama.
Inoratidzwa nekuve nehunde yakatetepa kwazvo (inenge 2 metres mudhayamita) ine goko jena rakachena kana yakura uye yakashava ichiri diki, inochengetedza nzvimbo ine rima zvachose pazasi pehunde inotsemuka nezera. nguva uye nezera. Dzinowanzokura munharaunda dzebirch, kuve dzakatetepa zvinoita kuti dzitore nzvimbo shoma nekudaro kusakwikwidzana nevhu ravanofukidza.
Kana iri korona ine oval uye ine mashizha akawanda, asi inowanzova nemumvuri mudiki, uyezve chimiro chematavi awo chakatwasuka uye nemashizha anosvika 6 centimita, anogona kutora chimiro checylindrical. uye dzichisvika kumucheto kweshizha, dzine ruvara rwegirinhi rwakasvibirira runoshanduka kuita yero maererano nezvinokonzeresa mwaka isati yadonha zvachose.
Inomira kunze kwekutumbuka pakupera kwechando, apo maruva echirume anoonekwa pakati pematsutso akagara, anosvika matatu kana matanhatu masendimita; Kazhinji 3 maruva anowanzo kuoneka nema base bracts emaruva anosangana nemashizha). Panyaya yemaruva echikadzi, anowanzoonekwa mumakatkins (spikes akaumbwa nemaruva emhando imwe chete) anenge 1,5 kusvika 3,5 centimita, anogona kugadzirwa nemaruva matatu.
Zvirimwa uye Kutarisira
Zvose zvinomera zvine kurapa kwakakosha kana zvasvika pakurimwa sechishongo kana chikamu chebindu remusha, munyaya yemabirches anomira kunze kwekutarisirwa kwakakosha.
Nzvimbo
Miti yeBirch inofanira kugara ichiwanikwa munzvimbo dzekunze dzemisha, yakasimwa mubindu, nguva dzose yakazara zuva, ichisimbisa chokwadi chokuti iyo miti yakareba kwazvo uye inoda nzvimbo yakakwana yekukura. Anofanira kudyarwa anenge mamita matanhatu kubva pamba, kunyange midzi yawo isingatore nzvimbo yakawanda yenharaunda kana ichida kuvhara chikamu chikuru chevhu.
Ini ndinowanzo
Ivhu ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakurima birch kana chimwe chirimwa.Pakadai ivhu nyoro rinenge rakapfumawo muorganic (organic matter) rinodiwa uye rinofanira kuva neacidic pH iri pakati pe4 ne6. Vanogona Ivhu. ine yakakwira limestone zvirimo inofanira kushandiswa, kudzivirira compaction nguva dzese kuitira kufambisa mvura.
Kudiridza
Kudiridzira kunoenderana nehuwandu hwemvura inofanira kuiswa pambesa.Kana ari maBirches, zvinokurudzirwa kudyarwa munzvimbo ine madiridziro akawanda, zvikuru pedyo nemigero yemvura, kana pasina kwaanobva.direct and mvura yechisikigo, kudiridza kunofanirwa kuve kwakajairwa, kanenge 4 kusvika 5 mazuva muzhizha.
Vanyoreri
Munyoreri anoenderana nedanho rekurapa ivhu, achiwedzera chikafu chinodiwa chekupfumisa ivhu uye kukura kwezvirimwa, kana iri loas birch, munyoreri anofanira kuitwa pakutanga kwechirimo kusvika pakati pemwaka. zhizha, organic fertilizer inowanzoiswa uye manyowa
Nguva yekudyara
Nguva yekudyara muti weBirch ichaenderana nemwaka uye kutonhora kwavanenge vachiiswa pasi, munyaya iyi inokurudzirwa munguva dzechirimo, nokuti nguva yechando yakatopfuura uye kuumbwa kwayo kunofarirwa.
Kuchekerera
Kuchekerera kune basa rekuchengetedza utsanana kumativi emuti, nokudaro kuderedza matavi ose akaoma, ane chirwere kana kunyange ayo asina simba, anogonawo kuwira mumatsutso kana munguva yechando, asi zvinokurudzirwa kuchengetedza muti mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kuti ufarire kukura kwayo.
Kuwanza
Kuwedzera kwakabatana zvachose nekuberekana kwepabonde kunogona kuitwa nemuti weBirch, izvo zvinogona kuitwa nenzira mbiri:
- Mbeu
Inokurudzirwa kana ukashandisa kuwanda kwemiti yeBirch nembeu, zvakakosha kuti utange stratifying, kureva, kunyorovesa mbeu kwenguva yakati, mune iyi nyaya zvinokurudzirwa kuisa mbeu kune tembiricha yakaderera senge kuichengeta mukati. firiji kweimwe nguva kweinenge mwedzi mitatu, mushure menguva iyoyo inogona kuvigwa muhari uye kudiridza nguva dzose.
Mushure mekuona kuti mbeu inotanga kumera mumubhedha wembeu, ramba uchiizadza nemusanganiswa wemaparera, uchiwedzera yakanakisa sarufa kana mhangura uye nekudaro kudzivirira kutaridzika kwefungi uye kupfapfaidza mvura mumubhedha wembeu, pakupedzisira Inofanira kuiswa. muzuva kunze.
- Kucheka
Iwo ma cuttings ndiwo maprotuberances ayo anogona kucherechedzwa pazinde remuti, achionekwa semhando yekuberekesa asexual. Inoonekwa seyakajairika nzira yekuwanza mabhishi, kunyanya munguva yechando. Iyo nzira inoitwa nekucheka bazi rinenge 40 centimita, ipapo yakakosha mahomoni ehupfu anofanirwa kuwedzerwa parutivi, uye pakupedzisira kuidyara mu substrate.
- Yakapetwa
Layering inoenderana neyakagadzirwa nzira yekubudirira kupararira kwezvirimwa, kutonga nhanho yehunyoro, huwandu hwevhu uye tembiricha; uko kutaridzika kwemidzi kunobvumirwa nekufamba kwenguva. Kune miti yeBirch, kudzika kwemhepo kunowanzo shandiswa muchirimo.
Nzira yekutevera ndeyekucheka mhete mubako centimita imwe kana maviri yakafara kubva kune rimwe rematavi ane hutano, wozopfapfaidza mvura uye woisa mahormone eupfu, tora bhegi repurasitiki rakasviba, worivhura uye woriisa pabazi. tambo. Pakupedzisira, iyo substrate bhegi inofanira kuzadzwa iyo yakambonyoroveswa uye ichidiridzwa nesirinji.
Zvisikwa zvakanyanya kushandiswa seBonsai
Izwi rekuti bonsai rinobva kubhon rinoreva "tireyi" uye sai "kurima", rinoonekwa sehunyanzvi hunoitwa kubva kuJapan kurima miti nemakwenzi, nenzira iyi unogona kudzora saizi ichiichengeta idiki kwazvo pane yakasikwa mamiriro, uchishandisa yakakosha. matekiniki ekuchengetedza ayo akadai sekucheka, kusungirira, waya fenzi, pakati pezvimwe. Chiratidzo chikuru chebhonsai ndeyekusingaperi, zvakare ichionekwa sebhiriji pakati pemweya nemunhu.
Pakati pemimwe yemiti inonyanya kushandiswa se bonsai mabhishi, ari kuwanikwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana uye anotsvakwa nevanhu vazhinji, mamiriro ekuchengetedza muti ndeaya anotevera kuratidza:
- Nzvimbo: Dzinofanirwa kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzekunze dzedzimba, dzichivhenekerwa nechiedza chezuva.
- Irrigation: zvinokurudzirwa kudiridza nguva nenguva. Miti yemhando iyi haipone panguva yekusanaya kwemvura nemvura shoma.
- Substrate: Vanowanzo shandisa akadama, inofanana nebhora revhu revhu rinopa ivhu kusarerekera pH, yakakosha pazvirimwa zvebhonsai.
- Subscriber: Iyo fetiraiza inokurudzirwa kuti ishandiswe muchirimo uye pakati pezhizha nguva, ichiiswa mune yemvura fomu iyo isinganyanye hutsinye mubonsai.
- Zvitaera: Mukana weBirch bonsai unogona kuchinjirwa kune akasiyana ecosystems semasango uye yakamira yakatwasuka.
- Kuchekerera: Miti yeBirch inofanira kuchekwa kubva paudiki kwazvo, ichibvisa matavi ekuwedzera anobuda uye kuchinja maitiro avo.
- Transplantation: Kana iri birch bonsai, inofanirwa kuisirwa makore ese 2-3.
Kushandiswa kweBirch
Iko kushandiswa kukuru kweBirches ndeyekushongedza, inoonekwa sechirimwa chinogona kurimwa nekuda kwekunakisa uye kushongedza zvinangwa zvemukati memba uye kunyangwe mumagadheni epamba. Nguva zhinji ivo vanoshandiswa semhando imwe chete kana mumapoka, kunyangwe isiri mhando inopa mumvuri wakawanda, inogona kushandiswa seyakasikwa skrini uye vagadziri venzvimbo.
Birches anoonekwa semiti yakanaka ine kushanda kukuru muminda dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira zvemweya nekuda kwehunhu hwadzo hwekurapa, inomiririra kune dzakawanda tsika chiratidzo chekuchena chinoratidzwa kunyanya kune chena ruvara rwakatenderedza hunde nemapazi.
Birch Properties
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ongororo dzakawanda dzakaitwa pamusoro pemishonga iyo miti yebirch inayo, hunhu hwakanyanya hwekuve nehupamhi hwevhitamini C, betulin, methyl salicylate ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvinopa zvakakosha zveantiseptic, antifungal, anti. -kuzvimba, kuporesa, antihemorrhagic uye analgesic. Inobatsira zvikuru kurwisa zvimwe zvirwere zvakadai se:
- Kufutisa uye kufutisa: yakashandiswa kuve chikamu chekudya kwekutapudza, kushandira pamwe nekuonda.
- Fluid retention: nekuda kweiyo yakakosha diuretic zvimiro kuti iwane kukurudzira kweitsvo, mukuwedzera kune chokwadi chekuti haina hutsinye nemuviri, ichifarira kushanda kunoshanda.
- Arthritis: inoonekwa sechirwere chehasha uye chakakosha muhupenyu hwemunhu, nekuda kweiyo anti-inflammatory properties inobvumira desinflammation yemajoini uye zvakare inobvisa zvinwiwa zvakachengetwa.
- Cystitis: Yakakosha pakurapa dundira iyo inogona kukonzeresa maitiro kune iwo pathogenic microorganisms.
- Diarrhea: inogona kupedzwa nekuwedzera chikamu chebark kumukombe wemvura, mushure mekusvibiswa katatu pazuva.
- Matombo eitsvo: Muchiitiko ichi zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa birch sap, inobvumira matombo kuparara. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti zvinofanirwa kuburitswa munguva yechando uye kutora madiki madhisi pazuva.
Kune huwandu hukuru hwekuporesa zvinhu zvebirch, asi zvinokurudzirwa kuti usashandise zvisina kunaka infusions kweanopfuura mavhiki maviri akateedzana, kunyanya kana paine kudyiwa kwemishonga yeanticoagulant kana matambudziko emudumbu.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vauchazoda chaizvo: