In this opportunity we bring you a lot of information regarding the Concept art an artistic movement that emerged in the 1960s, in the countries of the United States, England, France and Italy with the purpose of using everyday objects and transforming them into works of art, in order to give the public an idea, a concept to be able to change the system .
Concept art
Conceptual art originates from the 1960s, when an artistic group or movement gave priority to the concept instead of the object. After that, it began to expand to different countries in the world, the main ones being the United States, France, England and Italy, among many others.
The purpose of conceptual art is to favor the processes of intellectual reflection over the visual stimulation that the public may have towards works of art. What can be affirmed is that the public that observes the works of art is a vehicle that participates in the creative process of the concept that the work may have.
Conceptual art starts from the approach or the fundamental idea of the aesthetic experience of the painter or of the expectant public of the work, or of the presence of the artistic object. Since when an idea that one has about the artistic object is questioned.
Conceptual art tends to open a new path of exploration towards the aesthetics of the works that leads it to conform multiple concepts or trends in different groups of people. That is why the conceptual art movement has its antecedents in the well-known technique of the readymade, which is developed by Marcel Duchamp along with other Dada artists.
The technique known as the readymade is going to consist of taking some everyday object and then you must decontextualize and intervene. That is why the term conceptual art is taken from an essay written by Henry Flynt in 1961.
This states that art must go through several transformations and that is why it is also known by the names of information art, software art or idea art. Although in the decade of the 60s it was very controversial due to various controversies such as the Vietnam War that the details were revealed by the independent press.
On the other hand, there was the development of new information and communication technologies of the different social revolutions that were taking place at that time.
History of Conceptual Art
This modality of art began its adventures in the sixties as a requirement that was against the formalism that existed. That is why the ready-made technique was born in the 1910s. When the Frenchman Marcel Duchamp unveiled his technique for works of art so as not to represent them as simple elements as the manufacturer placed them, but to give an intellectual representation to the play.
In this way conceptual art began to become popular in several artists of American origin and England. Notable among them are Art & Language, Carl Andre, Robert Barry, Douglas Huebler, Joseph Kosuth and Lawrence Weiner.
According to several artists, they have come to explain that conceptual art was a reaction to the formalism that had been articulated. Although the artists who subscribed to using conceptual art as a framework affirmed that conceptual art came about for different reasons, an important one was the opposition against the Vietnam War.
A new economy known as the knowledge economy and the birth of information and communication technologies were also being born. That is why the context of conceptual art is in the United States and in much of the European continent. But many figures from South America and Asia are also added to conceptual art.
Many artists began to transform works of art and paintings into objects as everyday as fortuitous, for example in the countries of Italy and France, the French artist Yves Klein and the Italian Piero Manzoni began to create artistic practices that contributed to the proliferation of conceptual art. in other countries of the continent. Just like in Japan the Gutai group did the same.
It is necessary to emphasize that a conceptual work will always be based on what is written, since it is a very effective means of transmitting ideas. But over time it has been complemented with other resources in the visual field such as photography and videos.
That they have been developed means to be able to transmit an idea more clearly and that they were developed in the same decade of the 60s of the XNUMXth century.
Discipline
In conceptual art, artists tend to give a social impact to the works they make, since many have declared themselves against the system and what they are trying to do is make a complaint and try to make the viewer of the work uncomfortable with the idea that they are trying to convey. That is why, in a social aspect, the artists try to get the spectators to react and to imagine a different reality from the one we are experiencing.
That is why many artists are included in different themes which can be human rights, the destruction of the environment, global warming, the effects of globalization. But conceptual art does not reach the masses and does not generate an immediate change, which is why artists base their works on different disciplines such as:
Video Art: It is an art where technology is going to be used since we live in a technological era and this implies that the artist concentrates on interdisciplinarity, immateriality and communication, in order to express his message to the public expectant of his work.
Installation: Since the beginning of conceptual art, limits have always been placed on works of art, since they are linked to museums. Galleries, the market. Among many others. That is why conceptual art is going to link the space and the installation of the work creating a value space.
This space can be very permanent or ephemeral, what is wanted is that the installation of the work can dazzle the spectators, in this way the relationship of the space with the work of a meaning as if both were together giving some reason.
Performance: It is an artistic action that the artist gives so that a scene can be shown where the public enters into context with the work and has the objective of generating a reaction from the public. The performance is given with the help of the artist's aesthetics and improvisation.
The performance can be done through a scripted representation or make them random, taking well-organized parameters since they must be well planned. Although in the performance they always tend to involve the public or that the audience participates in the work that is being presented. The show is almost always going to be carried away by the play or the media.
Happening: It is a word of English origin, and tends to mean a great event, occurrence, or occurrence. Since it is reflected in an action that can be the sequence of a provocation, participation and improvisation.
This discipline has its origin in the 1950s of the XNUMXth century, and is considered a multidisciplinary artistic manifestation, but has been linked to the hippie movements and pop art.
Object Art: In conceptual art, the technique of object art is one of the disciplines where artists have the greatest frequency. This type of art is purely conceptual although it tends to come in different forms.
The readymades that talk about found objects where they made a very famous work with a urinal known as "La Fountain". That translated into Spanish means the source. This work is famous by the French artist Marcel Duchamp, this work was sent to a museum to be put on display but the museum rejected it.
Since the work towards a critique of traditional art that was being carried out in recent years. Since conceptual art was not considered art. Because it pointed to the norms that had been implanted on the aesthetic. But with conceptual art they give a lot of importance to what the artist was designing and the feeling that he wanted to convey.
Alternative graph and collage: in conceptual art it is a widely used discipline since it is used with the purpose of demonstrating an object using different materials, these materials can be works, newspaper clippings, magazines or some photographs. Prints or drawings of texts or some photographs can also be used. Ink, wood, metal, plastic are also used. As well as other material with the purpose that the work shows a message to the public.
Concept photography: It is another of the disciplines that are used in conceptual art to be able to transmit a message to the public. In the same way it can be an idea or some concept. It is mostly done using abstract symbolism that the viewer must interpret. The visual content of the work will focus on an image that will develop some important concept for the artist that the public will decipher.
main artists
Being an artistic movement that was born in the sixties of the XNUMXth century, conceptual art is a new way for the public to understand a new idea and concept about art that in the present we will give you a list of the most famous artists of conceptual art between them we have:
Marcel Duchamp: conceptual art was born in the sixties as a way to vindicate formalism and one of its greatest exponents is the French-born artist Marcel Duchamp who gives life to a technique known as ready-mades.
The ready-mades technique. It consists of taking some object that is everyday in life, that does not have any artistic function and by being touched by the idea of an artist, it transforms it into a work of art. In this way the artist of the new function to that everyday object.
The artist has several works of conceptual art, among which The Wheel of the Bicycle stands out, which is only the wheel of an inverted bicycle that rests on a sidewalk and another very important work is the well-known Fountain, which is a urinal for a man lying down and is signed by his pseudonym "R Mutt"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlDZ19CJkuY
Joseph Kosuth: This artist is recognized for being a painter of American origin who achieved some fame in the 1953s with pop art. In XNUMX, the artist made a work that he called Drawing of Willem De Kooning.
Being a great representative of abstract expressionism since this artist staged a work that erased a painting by another artist. This generated many questions in the public present since they all asked themselves a question equally: is it considered art to erase the painting of another artist? That is why conceptual art today gives to be able to question and criticize it as another form of art.
Yves Klein: is a conceptual art artist who came to announce the following sentence to the media "Nothing will be a work of art because I decide it" since many artists have considered conceptual art as anti art.
This artist named Yves Klein at all times of his artistic career was aware of everything he did and said to his audience, however this artist went down in history as an artist who did non-artistic works but who caught the attention of the expectant public. for his nad artistic works.
One of the most important works of this conceptual artist was the Aerostatic Sculpture (1957), it was a work of art that was made by a thousand and one blue balloons, this work was launched into the air in the Parisian gallery Iris Clert with this work the artist wanted to promote his monochrome proposal.
Since in all his paintings the artist Yves Klein wanted to focus on monochrome paintings. Especially note the color blue. Over time he made fabulous works of art with balloons of various shades of blue blending with the sky.
Piero Manzoni: An exponent of conceptual art of Italian origin as well as being very famous and famous for his works that were quite ironic in the conceptual style. Among the most outstanding works of this author is Merda d'artista (Artist Shit) is one of the most controversial works that were exhibited in 1961 at the Pescetto Gallery.
This work was based on ninety cylindrical cans in which there were supposedly feces and the labels of the cans had the following content: Net content: 30 grams. Naturally preserved. Produced and packaged in May 1961. They were described in different languages and had the artist's signature. In every can.
With this I wanted to convey the message that a low-quality work signed by a highly famous artist made the work increase its value by criticizing the art market.
But at the auction each can obtained a price of each can reached 275 thousand euros. Thus arriving at a very exorbitant price, proving the artist was right, saying that the society in which we live is a consumer society.
Other outstanding artists in conceptual art were Robert Rauschenberg, in 1956 and the artist Isidore Isou, in 1957. The artist Wolf Vostell also stood out, in 1960, the artist Stanley in the year 1961, all the styles of conceptual art that these artists used. they were different but they revolutionized art with their way of thinking and the idea they wanted to convey to society.
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