Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba zingaphi iiklasi okanye iintlobo zeenkawu ezikhoyo emhlabeni? Ewe, impendulo yalo mbuzo iyamangalisa, kuba zininzi iintlobo zeenkawu, ezininzi kangangokuba kukho nenqanaba lelona lihle kakhulu, elibi kakhulu, elinobuhlobo kunye nabo banokuziphatha okungaqhelekanga. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siyakumema ukuba ufunde eli nqaku, ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga neeklasi zabo, amagama, iimpawu, amasiko kunye nokunye.
Iinkawu
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenkawu, kodwa siza kuqala ngokuthi zizilwanyana ezanyisayo, kunye neemfene ze-infraorder Simiiformes. Eli gama lelo lisetyenziswa ngokuchazayo ukubhekisela kumaqela ezinkawu, ngaphandle kokuba kukho nakuphi na ukufaneleka ukuba iinkawu ukuba behlabathi elitsha okanye iintsapho iinkawu ukuba behlabathi elidala.
Kuqhelekile ukuba iindidi ezininzi zeenkawu zihlala emithini, nangona kukho iintlanga ezihlala emhlabeni, njengoko kunjalo kwiimfene. Uninzi lweentlobo zeenkawu nazo zizilwanyana ze-diurnal, oku kuthetha ukuba zisebenza emini. Iinkawu zichazwa njengezilwanyana ezikrelekrele, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwiinkawu zehlabathi elidala.
Iilori, iigalago kunye nelemurs azizontlobo zeenkawu, nangona zizinkawu. Ngokufanayo neenkawu, ii<em>tarsi zii<em>primates; kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ziinkawu. Iinkawu, kuquka neenkawu, zohlukile kwezinye iiprimates kuba iimazi zineengono ezimbini kuphela ezikwi pectoral, iinkunzi zinepipi ezipenileyo kwaye azinawo amabhovu okuziva.
Iintlobo kunye neentlobo
Enkosi kwingcaciso yangaphambili, ngoku siyazi ukuba ayizizo zonke iiprimate esinokuzijonga ziyinkawu. Ukuze umfundi abe nolwazi oluthile malunga nokuba zeziphi iintlanga zeeprimates, sikuzisa uluhlu oluneenkcukacha zezona ntlobo zenkawu ezaziwa kakhulu ezikhoyo emhlabeni.
IPygmy Marmoset Monkey
Kwiintlobo zeenkawu, i-pygmy marmoset monkey (Cebuella pygmaea) luhlobo oluncinci lwehlabathi elitsha kwaye luhlala kumahlathi ashinyeneyo kumda wentshona we-Amazon eMzantsi Melika. Olu luhlobo lwenkawu olubonakaliswa ngokuba luncinci kwaye lukwayenye yezilwanyana ezincinci kwiplanethi, ezinobunzima obujikeleze i-100 grams, malunga ne-3,5 ounces.
Ngokuqhelekileyo indawo yayo yokuhlala inokuba kumahlathi ashinyeneyo aluhlaza, ngakumbi ngaselunxwemeni lwemilambo kwaye, nangona isenokubonakala ingaqhelekanga, ukutya kwayo kuthe ngqo, kuba i-gomivorous, okuthetha ukuba itya kumthi werabha, owaziwa ngokuba yirabha. umthi.
Malunga ne-83% yabantu beemarmoset zepygmy bahlala kumaqela azinzileyo akhiwe ngabantu ababini ukuya kwabasithoba, okubandakanya ialpha okanye indoda ebalaseleyo, imazi esebenza njengenzala ukuya kuthi ga kwiilitha ezine ezilandelelanayo zenzala. Ukuhambelana okuqhelekileyo kweqela elizinzileyo eliqhelekileyo ngabantu abathandathu. Oko kuthetha ukuba olu hlobo lweenkawu luyathanda kwaye abanye banokongeza ukuba bayabuthanda ubomi bentsapho.
Liyinyaniso elokuba amaqela amaninzi abunjwa ngamalungu entsapho enye, kodwa kukwayinyaniso ukuba akulungele ukuquka ilungu elinye okanye amabini akhulileyo. I-marmoset ye-pygmy ihlelwe ngokwahlukileyo kwii-marmosets eziqhelekileyo, ezininzi zazo zifakwe kwi-genera Callithrix kunye ne-Mico. Ngeso sizathu, iimarmosets zepygmy zine genus yazo, iCebuella, ephakathi kosapho lweCallitrichidae.
IManyano yamaZwe ngamaZwe yoLondolozo lweNdalo izihlela phakathi komlinganiselo weZilwanyana ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela, njengoko zihleli kunye neengxaki ezimbalwa kuwo wonke ummandla wazo wokusasazwa kwazo kwaye azikho sengozini yokuphela. abemi bayo. Ezona zoyikiso zikhoyo ngoku kukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kuba kukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nendawo yokuhlala, kunye norhwebo lwayo njengezilwanyana zasekhaya.
proboscis inkawu
I-proboscis monkey (i-Nasalis larvatus) okanye inkawu enempumlo ende okanye i-nasic monkey, luhlobo oluhlala kwimithi yehlabathi elidala kunye nombala walo obomvu obomvu, olona phawu luphambili lunempumlo yobukhulu obungaqhelekanga. Luhlobo oluhlala kuphela kwisiqithi saseBorneo, ukuya kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia.
Le nkawu luhlobo olukhulu, ngoko ke yenye yezona ntlobo zinkulu ezizalelwa kwilizwekazi laseAsia. Ngapha koko, ikhuphisana kuphela neTibetan Macaque kunye neengwevu ezininzi ngobukhulu.
Iithiyori apho ukwandiswa okukhulu kwempumlo yayo kusekelwe kuluvo lokuba kungenxa yokuba ibandakanya umtsalane ngokwesondo ochaphazela ukukhethwa kwabasetyhini, abanokukhethwa kwamadoda anokwenza amazwi anamandla okanye anzulu, kunye Ubungakanani bempumlo buphunyezwa ngokunyusa umthamo womnxeba wakho.
I-dimorphism yesini, okanye umahluko phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini kolu hlobo lugxininiswe kolu didi. Amadoda anentloko kunye nobude bomzimba we-66 ukuya kwi-76.2 yeesentimitha, eyi-26.0 ukuya kwi-intshi ye-30.0, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo inobunzima obuphakathi kwe-16 ukuya kwe-22.5 kilogram, emele i-35 ukuya kwi-50 pounds, nangona ubunzima bayo obuphezulu obuyaziwayo bungama-30 kilogram. , malunga ne-66 lbs.
Iimazi zinobude obuziisentimitha ezingama-53,3 ukuya kuma-62, okanye into efanayo, i-21,0 ukuya kwi-intshi ye-24,4, kuquka ukwandiswa kwentloko nomzimba kwaye inobunzima phakathi kwe-7 ukuya kwi-12 kilogram. baye bafumana ubunzima beekhilogram ezili-15, okanye malunga neekhilogram ezingama-26. Kodwa olona phawu lubalaseleyo lwe-dimorphism lufumaneka kwimpumlo enkulu okanye kwisiqu esinamadoda kuphela, nenokuthi idlule kwi-15 yeesentimitha, okanye i-intshi ezi-33, ubude kwaye inokujinga phantsi komlomo.
Ikapuchin enobuso obumhlophe
Inkawu emhlophe ejongene ne-capuchin (i-Cebus imitator), iphinde yafumana igama le-capuchin emhlophe yasePanama okanye i-capuchin emhlophe yaseMbindi yaseMelika, luhlobo oluphakathi lwenkawu kwaye, ngegama layo, siya kukwazi ukuba ivela kwihlabathi elitsha. Yeyosapho lwaseCebidae, usapho olungaphantsi lwaseCebinae.
Ivela kumahlathi akuMbindi Merika, kwaye luhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu kwi-ecology yamahlathi ngenxa yendima abayidlalayo ekusasazeni imbewu kunye ne-pollen.
Ngenye yeenkawu ezaziwa kakhulu, kuba i-capuchin emhlophe yasePanama ngumfanekiso oqhelekileyo wenkawu ehamba kunye ne-grinder ye-organ. Ndiyabulela kwi-cinema, olu hlobo lweenkawu luye lwaziwa kakhulu kumajelo eendaba, ngakumbi eMntla Melika, ngenxa yokubonakala kwawo kwiiPirates zeCaribbean.
Luhlobo lweenkawu ezikrelekrele kakhulu neziqeqeshelwe ukunceda abantu abakhubazekileyo. Sisilwanyana esiphakathi, esinobunzima obufikelela kwi-3,9 yeekhilogram, malunga ne-8,6 pounds. Uninzi lomzimba wayo umnyama, kodwa ubuso bayo bupinki kwaye umphambili womzimba wayo umhlophe, kungoko igama layo eliqhelekileyo.
Inomsila obizwa ngokuba yi-prehensile tail odla ngokuwugcina umzimba ujijekile kwaye uwusebenzisele ukuzixhasa xa usitya phantsi kwesebe lomthi. Kwindawo yayo yendalo, inkawu ye-capuchin ejongene nomhlophe inezinto ezininzi ezininzi, njengoko inokuhlala kwiindidi ezininzi zamahlathi.
Ukutya kwabo kunokwahluka kakhulu, kuba kunokubandakanya iziqhamo, ezinye izinto zezityalo, i-invertebrates kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci. Ihlala ngokwamaqela anokuba ngaphezu kwabantu abangama-20, aquka iinkunzi neemazi, yaye isisilwanyana esithanda ukuba kunye.
Imfene
Iimfene ziindidi zeenkawu okanye iiprimates zePapio genus, enye ye-23 genera yeenkawu zeHlabathi eliDala. Amagama aqhelekileyo kwiintlobo ezintlanu zeemfene yi-hamadryas, iGuinea, ebizwa ngokuba yintshona kunye nebomvu, umnquma, umthubi kunye ne-chacma. Nganye kwezi ntlobo zizalelwa kwindawo enye yeendawo ezintlanu zaseAfrika.
Kodwa imfene i-hamadryas ikwavela kwiindawo ezithile kuSingasiqithi weArabia, kwaye iphakathi kwezona primates inkulu engeyiyo ihominid. Kukho ubungqina bokubakho kweemfene ezisukela kwiminyaka ezizigidi ezibini ubuncinane. Iimfene ze-hamadryas zamadoda zineemane ezinkulu ezimhlophe. I-dimorphism yezesondo phakathi kweemfene inokubonwa ngokuhlukana kobukhulu, umbala kunye nokuphuhliswa kwamazinyo e-canine phakathi kwabasetyhini kunye namadoda.
Umahluko obonakalayo wobukhulu kunye nobunzima unokubonwa phakathi kweentlobo zeemfene. Elona lincinane, eliyi Guinea imfene, liziisentimitha ezingama-50, okanye i-intshi ezingama-20, ubude kwaye linobunzima obuziikhilogram ezili-14 kuphela, elimalunga neekhilogram ezingama-31, ngoxa eyona inkulu, iyimfene yaseChacma, inolwandiso olufikelela kwi-120 yeesentimitha. , malunga nee-intshi ezingama-47, ubude kunye nobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-40, ezimalunga neekhilogram ezingama-88.
Zonke iintlobo zeemfene zinemilomo emide, efana neyenja, imihlathi yazo inzima kwaye inamandla, inamazinyo e-canine abukhali kakhulu, amehlo azo avaliwe, ulusu lwazo lunzima kakhulu, ngaphandle kwendawo yempumlo, imisila imfutshane. kwaye banohlobo lweepads zesikhumba ezingenazinwele kwaye ezingenazo imithambo-luvo kwiimpundu eziphumayo, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-ischial calluses, ezinjongo yazo ikukubonelela ngentuthuzelo enkulu xa behleli.
UMandrel
Imandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) yiprimate. Yenzelwe usapho lweentlobo zeenkawu ezivela kwihlabathi elidala (Cercopithecidae), yenye yeentlobo ezimbini ezenza uhlobo lweMandrillus. Ekuqaleni i-mandrill yafumana ulwahlulo phakathi kweemfene, iyifaka ngaphakathi kwePapio genus, kodwa namhlanje inohlobo lwayo, iMandrillus. Nangona zibonisa ukufana neemfene, ezi zingaphezulu, kuba zihlobene ngokuthe ngqo kwiintsapho zeCercocebus.
Indawo yokuhlala yaseMandrill imi kumazantsi eCameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea kunye neCongo. Ngokukhethekileyo, iimandrill zihlala kumahlathi ashinyeneyo. Zizilwanyana ezithanda ukuhlala kunye kwaye zihlala kumaqela amakhulu kakhulu.
Ukutya kweemfene kuninzi kakhulu, ngoko ke zitya iziqhamo kunye nezinambuzane. Ixesha lokukhwelana libakho ngonyaka kwaye eyona ngongoma yalo ibalulekileyo yenzeka phakathi kwenyanga kaJulayi ukuya kuSeptemba, ibe lelona xesha libalulekileyo lokuzala phakathi kwenyanga kaDisemba noAprili. I-Mandrill zezona ntlobo zenkawu ezinkulu emhlabeni. Ngelishwa luhlobo oludweliswe njengezisengozini yi-IUCN.
Idyasi ye mandrill iluhlaza lomnquma okanye ingwevu emnyama, inamabhanti atyheli namnyama, kwaye isisu sayo simhlophe. Ubuso bayo abunaboya kwaye bunempumlo emide eneempawu ezibangela ukuba ibonakale kakhulu, njengomgca obomvu ohla embindini kunye neenduli eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emacaleni. Uneempumlo nemilebe ebomvu, iindevu zakhe zityheli, kwaye unemigca emhlophe.
Geoffroy's Spider Monkey
I-Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi), ikwabhaptizwe ngegama lenkawu yesigcawu esimnyama. Luhlobo lwezinkawu zesigcawu, ezizalelwa kwihlabathi elitsha, ngakumbi uMbindi Merika, iindawo zaseMexico kwaye mhlawumbi icandelo elincinane laseColombia.
Kukho ubuncinane ezintlanu subspecies ezaziwayo ezi ntlobo iinkawu. Iingcali ezahlukeneyo zeprimate zichaza inkawu yesigcawu esinentloko emnyama (A. fusciceps), eyafunyanwa ePanama, eKholombiya, nase-Ecuador, njengeyentlobo enye nesigcawu sikaGeoffroy. Yenye yeenkawu ezinkulu kwihlabathi elitsha, ngokufuthi ubunzima ukuya 9 neekhilogram, nto leyo malunga 20 neekhilogram.
Uphawu lolu hlobo lwenkawu kukuba ubude beengalo zabo bude kakhulu kunemilenze yayo, kwaye umsila wayo we-prehensile unamandla okuxhasa ubunzima besilwanyana, kuba uyisebenzisa njengelungu elongezelelweyo. Izandla zakhe zinobhontsi kuphela, kodwa uneminwe emide, eyomeleleyo, ekhonkxiweyo.
Olu tshintsho lwendalo luye lwavumela olu hlobo lwenkawu ukuba luhambe ngokujiwuzisa ngokubulela kwiingalo zayo phantsi kwamasebe emithi. Iinkawu zesigcawu zikaGeoffroy ziyathanda ukunxulumana, zihlala ngokwamaqela anokuba phakathi kwama-20 nama-42 amalungu.
Zizizilwanyana ezidla inyama, kuba ukutya kwazo kuqulethwe ziziqhamo ezivuthiweyo kwaye zidinga iindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi ukuze ziphile. Ihlelwa yi-IUCN njengezilwanyana ezisengozini, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yimimandla emikhulu yendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, iye yazingelwa kwaye yabanjwa ngenjongo yokuthengisa njengezilwanyana zasekhaya.
i-tamarin enendlebe emhlophe
Imarmoset enendlebe emhlophe (Plecturocebus donacophilus), nayo iye yabhaptizwa ngegama leBolivian titi okanye iBolivian huicoco. Ludidi lwe-marmoset, uhlobo lwenkawu yeHlabathi eNtsha, evela kwimpuma yeBolivia kunye nommandla osentshona weBrazil.
Olu didi lwenkawu lunendawo yalo yendalo kwindawo eya empuma ukusuka kuMlambo iManique, kwisebe laseBeni, eBolivia, kumazantsi eRondônia eBrazil. Indawo esemazantsi kuluhlu lwayo lubandakanya amahlathi ajikeleze isixeko saseSanta Cruz de la Sierra.
Yenye yeentlobo zeenkawu ezinobukhulu obuphakathi, zinomqolo ongwevu, nangona indawo yazo engezantsi inoorenji kwaye zineempawu ezimhlophe eziphuma ezindlebeni zazo.
I-diera yayo i-omnivorous, kuba ukutya kwayo kubandakanya iziqhamo, ezinye izinto zezityalo kunye nee-invertebrates. Ngokuqhelekileyo lelinye lamaxhoba aphambili eentaka ezidla inyama, nangona kuyaziwa ukuba iifelines kunye nezinye iintlobo zeenkawu zibahlasela. Luhlobo oluhlala umfazi omnye kwaye luhlala kumaqela amancinci, anokuthi abunjwe phakathi kwabantu ababini kunye nabasixhenxe, abenziwe ngaba babini kunye nenzala yabo.
Iqela ngalinye lentsapho lifuna ukwandiswa kwe-0.5 ukuya kwi-14 yeehektare, oko kukuthi, i-1.2 ukuya kwi-34.6 yeehektare zommandla wabo ukuba bahlale kuyo, kwaye abantu abadala bane-repertoire yezwi enzima abalawula ngayo ukugcina intsimi yabo. Omnye umsebenzi ozibonakalisayo kukuba bathanda ukudibanisa imisila xa behleli kunye okanye beliqela. I-tamarin enendlebe emhlophe inobude bokuphila obungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25 ekuthinjweni.
umqhaphu-top tamarin inkawu
I-tamarin enentloko emhlophe (i-Saguinus oedipus) yinkawu encinci yehlabathi elitsha, enobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-0,5 kilograms, ilingana ne-1,1 pounds. Le nkawu iphila iminyaka eyi-24, kodwa phantsi kweemeko zendalo idla ngokufa xa ineminyaka eli-13 ubudala. Yenye yeeprimate ezincinci. I-cotton-top tamarin ibonakala ngokulula nge-sagittal crest ende emhlophe, ehamba ukusuka ebunzi ukuya emagxeni ayo.
Indawo yayo yokuhlala ikwimida yamahlathi ashinyeneyo nakumahlathi esibini akumntla-ntshona weColombia. Ihlala emithini kwaye luhlobo lokuziphatha kwansuku zonke. Ukutya kwayo kuyi-omnivorous, kuba yenziwe zizinambuzane kunye nezityalo ezikhuphayo, kwaye i-balancer ye-ecosystem yetropikhi, kuba enye yemisebenzi yayo yendalo kukusasaza imbewu kwindawo yetropiki.
Olu hlobo lwenkawu ye-marmoset lubonisa iindidi ezininzi zezithethe zentlalo. Ukuziphatha abakubonisayo kumaqela ahlala kuwo kunomdla kakhulu, kuba ubudlelwane obuqinileyo bolawulo lwe-hierarchical bunokubonwa, apho izibini ezibalaseleyo kuphela ezivumelekileyo ukuba zivelise kwakhona.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, imazi izala amawele ize isebenzise iipheromones zayo ukuze ezinye iimazi ezikwelo qela zingazali. Olu hlobo lwenkawu luye lwaphononongwa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuba lubonakaliswe ukuba lunomgangatho ophezulu wengqwalasela yentsebenziswano, kwaye kubonakaliswe ukuba babonisa ukuziphatha okungathandekiyo kunye nokuziphatha okubi.
Uhlobo lonxibelelwano olukhoyo phakathi kweenkawu ezinentloko yomqhaphu lukhethekileyo kwaye lubonisa ubungqina bokuba banalo ulwakhiwo lwegrama, oluye lwaba luphawu lolwimi ekufuneka lufunyenwe. Okwangoku, ngelishwa, ihlelwa njengeentlobo ezisengozini yokuphela kwaye yenye yezona primates ezintle emhlabeni, kuba kuye kwaqinisekiswa ukuba kukho imizekelo engama-6.000 kuphela endle.
umbona inkawu
I-corn capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella), nayo ifumene amagama e-capuchin emdaka kunye ne-capuchin emnyama. Yenye yeentlobo zeenkawu ezizalelwa kwihlabathi elitsha, ngakumbi ukusuka eMzantsi Melika. Njengoko uphononongo olwahlukeneyo oluqhutywe iminyaka emininzi lubonisile, yenye yeeprimates apho indawo yejografi iyeyona ixhaphake kakhulu kwiNeotropics.
Kutshanje iphinde yahlelwa kwakhona, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba i-capuchins emnyama, emnyama kunye negolide zizinto ezahlukeneyo eziye zakha uhlobo olutsha, ezijikeleza i-capuchin yombona kwindawo ekhethekileyo ye-Amazon basin kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo.
Olu hlobo lwe-capuchin luhlobo lwe-omnivorous, kuba zondla phantse kuphela kwiziqhamo kunye ne-invertebrates, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ziphinde zondle izilwanyana ezincinci, ezifana namacikilishe kunye namantshontsho entaka, nangona zitya iindawo zezityalo.
Ezi ntlobo zeenkawu zineendawo zazo zokuhlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ihlathi elifumileyo neleetropiki, ihlathi elomileyo, kunye nehlathi eliphazamisekileyo okanye lesibini. Njengezinye iintlobo ze-capuchin, ziyahlalisana, izilwanyana ezihlala kakhulu ezihlala kumaqela abantu aba-8 ukuya kwi-15, ekhokelwa yi-alpha okanye indoda ebalaseleyo.
Inkawu yombona yomelele kunezinye iindidi ze-capuchin, inoboya oburhabaxa kunye nomsila omde nongqindilili kakhulu. Ukwanayo nenyanda yeenwele ezinde, eziqinileyo ebunzi, ezinokutsalwa njengohlobo lwewigi. Umbala woboya bayo bungwevu bumdaka, kodwa esiswini ikhanya ngakumbi kunomzimba wayo wonke.
Izandla neenyawo zenkawu zimnyama. Umsila u-prehensile kwaye unamandla kakhulu, njengoko unokusetyenziswa njengelungu elinye lokubambelela kumasebe, njengoko uxhasa ubunzima bawo.
marmoset eqhelekileyo
I-marmoset eqhelekileyo (i-Callithrix jacchus) yenye yeentlobo zeenkawu ezizalelwa kwihlabathi elitsha. Indawo yayo yendalo kunxweme olusenyakatho-mpuma yeBrazil, kumazwe asePiaui, Paraiba, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Alagoas naseBahia. Ngokukhululwa kwabantu abathile ababevalelwe, ngokuyinxenye ngabom kwaye ngokuyinxenye bengenzi ngabom, olu didi lwenkawu luye lwandisa uluhlu lwayo.
Ukususela ngeminyaka yee-1920 iye yanwenwela kumzantsi-mpuma weBrazil, yaqala ukubonwa eRio de Janeiro ngowe-1929, apho ibigqalwa njengezityalo ezihlaselayo, nto leyo eyenza inkxalabo enkulu ngosulelo lwemfuza yezinye iindidi ezifanayo. , njengokukhuhla marmoset (Callithrix aurita), kwaye kwakukho inkxalabo yokuba inokuba lixhoba lamantshontsho namaqanda entaka.
Ulandelelwano olupheleleyo lwe-genome ye-female marmoset yapapashwa ngoJulayi 20, 2014 kwaye yaba yintlobo yokuqala yeenkawu zehlabathi ukuba i-genome yayo ilandelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo. Ii<em>marmosets eziqhelekileyo luhlobo lweenkawu ezincinci kakhulu ezinemisila emide ngokomlinganiselo wazo.
Iinkunzi nemazi zinokwakheka ngokulinganayo, kodwa iinkunzi zikhulu kancinane. Iinkunzi zine-avareji yokwandiswa kwe-188 millimeters, malunga ne-7.40 intshi; ngelixa abafazi banobude obuyi-185 millimeters, malunga ne-7.28 intshi. Ubunzima bamadoda bujikeleze i-256 grams elingana ne-9.03 ounces ngokomndilili ngelixa ubunzima beemazi bujikeleze i-236 grams elingana ne-8.32 ounces.
Uboya be<em>marmoset buza ngemibala emininzi, ingakumbi enxulumene nomdaka, ngwevu, kunye notyheli. Zinezigaqa ezimhlophe ezindlebeni zazo kwaye imisila yazo ibonisa amabhanti okanye imigca. Ubuso babo bunolusu olumnyama empumlweni kwaye banokukhanya okumhlophe ebunzi. Uboya bamantshontsho bumdaka kwaye butyheli, kwaye i-tuft emhlophe yeendlebe ikhula kamva.
ingonyama yegolide itamarin
Ingonyama yegolide i-tamarin (i-Leontopithecus rosalia), ekwafumene igama le-marmoset yegolide, yinkawu encinci, ezalelwa kwihlabathi elitsha, eyentsapho yaseCallitrichidae. Imvelaphi isuka kumahlathi akunxweme lweAtlantiki eBrazil, ngelishwa igolden lion tamarin luhlobo olusemngciphekweni wokuphela.
Ummandla apho imizekelo yolu didi isasazwa endle idlulela kwiindawo ezine kuwo wonke umzantsi-mpuma weBrazil. Ngoloyiko olukhulu kumele kutshiwo ukuba ngokobalo lwakutshanje, kucingelwa ukuba kukho imizekelo engama-3.200 490 kuphela eshiyekileyo kwindawo yazo yendalo ehlala kuyo yaye kukho abemi abathinjiweyo, ekuthi kubo kugcinwe imizekelo emalunga nama-150 iphila, isasazwa phakathi kwemizi yogcino-zilwanyana eli-XNUMX.
Le tamarin yengonyama yegolide yathiywa elo gama ngenxa yoboya bayo obukhazimlayo bubomvu-orenji kunye neenwele ezinde ngakumbi ezijikeleze ubuso bayo neendlebe, eziyenza ibe nenwele eyahlukileyo. Ubuso bakhe bumnyama kwaye akananwele. Uboya obukhazimlayo be-orenji bolu didi lweenkawu lufunyenwe lungenalo i-carotenoids, iikhompawundi eziqhelekileyo ezivelisa imibala e-orenji eqaqambileyo kwindalo.
I-tamarin yegolide lolona gqatso lukhulu lweCalitrichinas. Ngokomyinge, balinganisa malunga neemilimitha ezingama-261, nto leyo ilingana ne-10.3 intshi, kwaye inobunzima obujikeleze i-620 grams, nto leyo ilingana ne-1.37 yeeponti. Phantse akukho mahluko wobungakanani phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi.
Njengeentlobo zeenkawu ezisuka kwihlabathi elitsha, lo mzekelo we<em>tamarin yegolide une<em>tegulae, ezizikhonkwane ezincinci ezinjengozipho, endaweni yezikhonkwane ezisicaba okanye ezisicaba, ezo zifumaneka kuzo zonke ezinye iiprimates, kuquka nabantu. Ukuba ne-tegulae kuye kwavumela i-tamarin ukuba ibambelele emacaleni eziqu zemithi.
Ezi zilwanyana zincinci ziyakwazi ukuhamba quadriplegically ecaleni kwamasebe amancinci, ukuhamba, ukubaleka okanye ukuxhuma, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zihambe ngendlela efana neyonomatse kuneyezinye iiprimate.
ukulila cappuccino
I-capuchin yokulila (Cebus olivaceus) yinkawu ye-capuchin yehlabathi elitsha ehlala ngokukodwa eMzantsi Melika. Inokufumaneka kumantla eBrazil, eGuyana, eFrench Guiana, eSuriname, eVenezuela, mhlawumbi nakumantla eKholombiya.
I-genus Cebus yahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-taxonomists isaphakamisa iiyantlukwano malunga nezahlulo ezithile ngaphakathi kolu hlobo, oluyingozi kwaye luyimpikiswano. I-Cebus olivaceus yaziwa ngokuhlala kumahlathi amade, aphambili kwaye inokuhamba imigama emide emini.
Ezi nkawu zizinkawu eziphakathi ngobukhulu, zineempawu ezahlukileyo entloko, kwaye zinamalungu amade kancinane kunezinye iindidi ze-capuchin, ezivumela ukuba zitsibe ngaphaya kwemithi yamahlathi. Njengezinye iiklasi zeenkawuni ze-capuchin, ukutya kwazo ku-omnivorous, kuba ukutya kwazo kuxhomekeke kwiziqhamo, i-invertebrates, ezinye iindawo zezityalo kunye, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, izilwanyana ezincinci.
Nangona kuyinyani ukuba olu didi lwe<em>capuchin luhlelwa njengesilwanyana esingaxhalatyelwanga kangako yi-IUCN Oludwe Olubomvu Lwezilwanyana Ezisesichengeni, kukwayinyaniso ukuba idla ngokuba lixhoba lezilwanyana ezininzi ezizingelayo eMzantsi Merika, ukusuka kumaxhalanga ukuya kwiijaguar.
umlawuli tamarin
I<em>emperor tamarin ( i<em>Saguinus imperator ), luhlobo lwenkawu ekuthiwa yi<em>tamarin ethi, ngokutsho kwengxelo, yathiywa ngolo hlobo ngenxa yokuba kwakucingelwa ukuba iyafana nomlawuli waseJamani uWilhelm II. Indawo yayo ikumzantsi ntshona weAmazon, kwimpuma yePeru, kumantla eBolivia nakumazwe asentshona eBrazil aseAcre naseAmazonas.
Uboya bolu hlobo lwenkawu ye<em>marmoset ubukhulu becala bungwevu, nangona inamachokoza atyheli esifubeni sayo. Izandla nemilenze yakhe imnyama kwaye umsila umdaka. Unento engaqhelekanga kwaye kukuba unendevu ezinde ezimhlophe, ezimasebe omabini ngaphaya kwamagxa akhe.
Esi silwanyana sifikelela ubude be-23 ukuya kwi-26 centimeters, elingana ne-9 ukuya kwi-intshi ye-10, ngaphezu koko inomsila omde we-35 ukuya kwi-41,5 yeesentimitha, ilingana phakathi kwe-13,8 ukuya kwi-16,3 intshi. Banobunzima obujikeleze i-500 grams, malunga ne-18 ounces.
Umlawuli wetamarin ngowentsapho yaseCallitrichidae, eyintsapho yeenkawu zehlabathi elitsha. IiCallitrichidae zidibanisa iindidi ezimbini jikelele zeemarmosets kunye netamarin. Ineenzipho kwinzwane yayo nganye nezandla, kwakunye namadevu amade, kunye neenwele ezimhlophe eziphantse zingabonakali zifumaneka nasesilevini.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokubonakalayo i-saguinus imperator inesilevu esimnyama kwaye zombini iinwele ezisesifubeni nasesiswini zingumxube weenwele ezibomvu, eziorenji nezimhlophe. Emqolo, unoboya obumdaka ngebala. Ubuso bangaphakathi beengalo nemilenze yakhe buorenji.
Azara Marikina
Yinkawu yasebusuku yaseMarikiná de Azara (Aotus azarae), ekwabizwa ngokuba yinkawu yasemazantsi ebusuku. Imvelaphi yayo kwihlabathi elitsha kwaye luhlobo lwenkawu evela eMzantsi Melika. Indawo yayo isasazwe phakathi kweArgentina, iBolivia, iBrazil, iPeru kunye neParaguay. Olu hlobo lune-monogamous, kwaye uphawu lwayo lwentlalo kukuba amadoda abonelela ngononophelo olukhulu lwabazali.
Esi siqholo sithiywe ngesazi sendalo saseSpain uFélix de Azara. Nangona iludidi oluhamba nobusuku, abanye abantu beenkawu zase-Azara zasebusuku zikhethekileyo phakathi kweenkawu zasebusuku, kuba zikwazile ukuziqhelanisa nokusebenza emini nasebusuku. Olu didi luqukiwe kuLuhlu oluBomvu lwe-IUCN njengeNgxaki eNgaphantsi.
Ngenxa yokungabikho kolwazi malunga nobukhulu bomzimba kunye nobunzima beenkawu ze-Azara ebusuku, imilinganiselo yabo iqikelelwe kwinani elincinci leesampuli zasendle. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuye kwaxoxwa ukuba ubude obuqhelekileyo bentloko kunye nomzimba webhinqa bumalunga ne-341 millimeters, ilingana nee-intshi ze-13.4, ngelixa ubukhulu bendoda yi-346 millimeters, ilingana ne-13.6 intshi.
Ubunzima obuqhelekileyo buqikelelwe malunga ne-1,254 grams, ilingana ne-2.765 pounds, kwindoda i-Aotus azarae azarae; I-1,246 grams, malunga ne-2.747 pounds, kwi-Aotus azarae azarae; I-1,180 grams, eyi-2.60 pounds, kwindoda i-Aotus azarae boliviensis; kunye 1,230 grams, ilingana malunga 2.71 phawundi, ukuba female for Aotus azarae boliviensis.
Ixesha labo lokumitha limalunga neentsuku ezili-133. Ubude bobomi benkawu yaseAzara ebusuku kwindawo yayo yendalo akwaziwa, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba ubomi bokubanjwa kwabantu bohlobo lwe-Aotus bufikelela kwiminyaka engama-20 ubudala.
i-mantled howler inkawu
Inkawu ehowulayo (Alouatta palliata), okanye inkawu ehowulayo enengubo yegolide, luhlobo lwenkawu, inzalelwane yeLizwe Elitsha, ngakumbi uMbindi noMzantsi Melika. Yenye yeentlobo zeenkawu eziye zabonwa kwaye zeva kakhulu endle kuMbindi Merika.
Igama layo elithi mantle ngenxa yeenwele ezinde ezisemacaleni ayo. Olu hlobo inkawu howler yenye inkawu inkulu kuMbindi Merika, kuba kuye kwamiselwa ukuba amadoda anokuba nobunzima ukuya 9,8 neekhilogram, ilingana 22 neekhilogram.
Kwakhona kuye kwamiselwa ukuba kuphela Central American inkawu edla izixa ezikhulu amagqabi, apho iye yaphuhlisa ulungelelwaniso eziliqela ezivumela ukuba ukwetyisa le ukutya ethile, ngenxa yokuba amagqabi kunzima ukugaywa kwaye ukunika amandla ngaphantsi kwe kakhulu. okunye ukutya. Ukongeza, i-Howler monkey ichitha imini yonke iphumle kwaye ilele.
Iinkawu ze-mantled howler ziye zandisa amathambo e-hyoid, oku kuthetha ukuba banethambo elingenalutho elikufutshane kakhulu kwiintambo zabo zezwi, elivumela ukuba likhulise isandi seminxeba eyenziwa ngamadoda, ngenxa yokuba bafumana igama le-howler.
Ukubhomboloza yinto eyenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ezi nkawu zifumane enye kwenye ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla abo ekwenzeni iintshukumo okanye ukubeka emngciphekweni ingxabano yomzimba. Inkangeleko ye-mantled howler ifana kakhulu neyezinye iinkawu zohlobo lwe-Alouatta, ngaphandle kombala wayo.
Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba ubunzima bomzimba wenkawu ene-mantled howler inokwahluka kakhulu ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya kwenye ofunyenwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ingqondo yomntu omdala ekhala inkawu inobunzima obumalunga ne-55.1 grams, elingana ne-1.94 ounces, iyenza ibe ncinane kunobuchopho bezinye iindidi zeenkawu ezincinci, njenge-capuchin enentloko emhlophe.
Inkawu ye-marmoset enemibala
I-collared titi monkey (Cheracebus torquatus) luhlobo okanye ikhompawundi esondelelene neentlobo ze-titi monkey. Lo mntu ungomnye weentlobo zeenkawu zehlabathi elitsha, ingakumbi eMzantsi Melika. Bancinci kangangokuba kuye kwaqinisekiswa ukuba abantu abadala abahlanu bolu hlobo babenobunzima obuyi-1462 grams, kunye ne-avareji ye-1410 ukuya kwi-1722 grams.
Ukusasazeka kwentloko nomzimba wayo kumalunga nama-290 ukuya kuma-390 eemilimitha kunye nobude bomsila wayo bujikeleze ama-350 ukuya kuma-400 eemilimitha. Baneenwele ezincinci kakhulu ebusweni bazo, zikhawulelwe kwizinwele ezimfutshane, ezinqabileyo ezimhlophe kwisikhumba esimnyama. Akukho dimorphism ngokwesondo kolu didi lweenkawu marmoset, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ukuba indoda inamazinyo kancinane kancinane canine ngaphezu female.
Uboya bolu didi lweenkawu ze<em>marmoset ngokuqhelekileyo bubomvu ngokubomvu bumdaka okanye bumdaka ngebala. Umsila wayo umnyama ngombala, uxutywe neenwele ezininzi ezibomvu. Izandla nemilenze yabo imhlophe okanye imdaka ngebala.
Le mithunzi yoboya ihluke kuzo zonke i-subspecies, inomgca okanye ibhendi yoboya obumhlophe obusasazeka ukusuka esifubeni ukuya phezulu kwaye ilandele i-neckline, idlulela ezindlebeni.
Olu lwandiso oluya ezindlebeni lubonakala njengoluhlu lombala otyhafileyo kwiCallicebus torquatus torquatus, esi sisityalo esingaqinisekanga esihlala eColombia kwaye sahlukile kwezinye iindidi ezinomgca omhlophe ophumela kumazantsi eendlebe. , nangona kukho ezinye iiyantlukwano ezahlula kwezinye iindidi zeenkawu zemarmoset.
IiMacacos
IiMacaques ngokwenyani lugqatso lweenkawu ezityayo, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba ziquka imbewu, amagqabi, iintyatyambo kunye namaxolo omthi ekutyeni kwawo, kwaye ezinye, njengoko kunjalo nge-macaque etya oononkala, ziphila ngokutya kwezilwanyana ezingenamqolo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ama-vertebrates amancinci. .
Ezi nkawu ze-macaque zenza i-genus (Macaca) yeenkawu zeHlabathi eliDala. Bayinxalenye yosapho lweCercopithecinae. IiMacaques zinokuphila kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo okanye kwiindawo zokuhlala kulo lonke ilizwekazi laseAsia, kwaye ziguquguquka kakhulu.
Uphawu lolu hlobo lweenkawu kukuba onke amaqela entlalontle ye-macaques i-matriarchal, kuba ihlelwe malunga neentombi ezibalaseleyo. Kwakhona baye bafunda ukuhlalisana nabantu yaye baye baba zizinto eziphilayo kwiindawo ezithile ezihlala abantu, njengesiqithi saseMauritius neSilver Springs State Park eFlorida.
Kuyavela ukuba olu hlobo lwenkawu luye lwaba sisisongelo kulondolozo lwendalo, kodwa alupheli apho, kuba luyingozi ebantwini, kuba ngabathwali bezifo ezinokuthi zidluliselwe kumntu kwaye kananjalo zinokubulala.
Ngoku, ukulawulwa kwee-macaques njengohlobo oluhlaselayo lwenziwe ngokuphunyezwa kwezinye iindlela zokulawula. Ngaphandle kwabantu (genus Homo), iimacaques zezona zixhaphakileyo kwizidalwa zeprimate emhlabeni, ekubeni sinokuzifumana ukusuka eJapan ukuya kutsho kwilizwekazi laseIndiya, nakwimeko ye<em>barbarian macaque ( Macaca sylvanus ), edlula kumantla eAfrika nakumazantsi. IYurophu.
Uboya bolu hlobo lweenkawu ngokuqhelekileyo luxube okanye umthunzi we-shades ukusuka kumdaka ukuya kumnyama kwaye iimpumlo zabo zineprofayili ejikelezayo, kunye neempumlo phezulu. Umsila uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo ekuthethwa ngazo, ezinokuthi zibe zide, zibe ziphakathi, zibe mfutshane okanye zingabi namsila.
inkawu yetamarin enesisu esibomvu
I-red-bellied titi okanye i-dusky titi monkey (i-Plecturocebus moloch) luhlobo lwe-marmoset, enye yeentlobo zeenkawu zeHlabathi eLitsha, ezihlala zihlala eBrazil. Intloko yayo ingqukuva kwaye inoboya obungqindilili obuthambileyo. Idla ngokuthatha indlela yokuma efana nayo, umzimba ugobile, amalungu kunye nomsila ujinga phantsi.
Umzimba wolu hlobo lwe<em>marmoset uphakathi kwama-28 nama-39 eesentimitha ubude yaye umsila wawo uphakathi kwama-33 nama-49 eesentimitha. Sisilwanyana esincinci esikwaziyo ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza xa kuyimfuneko, kodwa akufane kwenzeke. Ukuziphatha kwayo okuqhelekileyo kukuhlala ngaphakathi kwendawo encinci kakhulu, kwaye ukutya kwayo kusekelwe ikakhulu kwiziqhamo, izinambuzane, izigcawu, iintaka ezincinci kunye namaqanda entaka.
Luhlobo lokuziphatha kwasemini kwaye uhamba ngababini okanye ngamaqela osapho, ngoko ke sisilwanyana esinobubele. Bayakwazi ukuba nonxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu ngabanye beqela ngenxa yokuba balawula i-repertoire ebanzi yezandi. Into eqhelekileyo kukuba kwilitha nganye, imazi izala ithole elinye.
I-incisors ephezulu yolu didi yande kwaye i-incisor canines ayinakudlula ngaphaya kwamanye amazinyo. I-molars ephezulu ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yi-tricuspid kwaye ii-premolars ezisezantsi zilula. Iimolars eziphezulu kunye nezisezantsi zi-quadricuspid. Ezi mpawu zamazinyo zibavumela ukuba bakucube kakuhle ukutya kwabo.
Zineendlebe ezinkulu ngokwentelekiso, kumaxesha amaninzi zisithelwe buboya kwelinye icala lentloko. Zine-septum yangaphakathi ebanzi kwiimpumlo zazo kwaye iimpumlo zazo zivuleleke ecaleni. Kunokwenzeka ukuba kubantu abadala uboya emhlane wabo bungwevu, bubomvu okanye bumdaka. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba iibhanti ezimnyama okanye ezimhlophe zifunyenwe ebunzini lakho. Lo mzekelo wombala uphawuleka kulutsha nakubantu abadala.
Sinethemba lokuba ukonwabele oku kufunda kwaye ngoku unokuqonda ngcono kwaye ukwahlula iindidi zeenkawu ezikhoyo emhlabeni, imibala yazo kunye neemilo zazo ezimangalisayo kunye nobukhulu, kunye neempawu zazo ezikhethekileyo.
Ukuba usithandile esi sihloko, sincoma la manqaku anomdla: