Iikhangaru zaziwa njengezo marsupial eziqhelekileyo zaseOstreliya ezinemilenze yangasemva emikhulu nenamandla kwaye ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na ngenxa yokutsiba okumangalisayo ezidla ngokukwenza. Olunye uphawu olukhethekileyo lwekhangaru sisingxobo ekufuneka imazi ithwale ithole layo elisakhulayo. Yazi kolu fundo nezinye iimpawu zolu didi lunomdla nolungaqhelekanga.
Ikhangaru
Ikhangaru sisilwanyana esanyisayo sohlobo lwe marsupial order, (gen. Macropus), enamalungu angasemva omelele kwaye ikulungele ukutsiba. Kwi-marsupio yayo eguqukileyo (ingxowa apho amantshontsho ayo akhula khona) ikhusela amantshontsho ayo kangangeenyanga eziliqela de afikelele kwimo yabantu abadala. Ifumaneka kuphela kwi-herbivorous kwaye izalelwa eOstreliya.
Igama elithi kangaroo lelona hlelo lisetyenziswa rhoqo ukubhekisa kwiindidi ezinkulu ze-subfamily Macropodinae, kanye njengokuba igama elithi wallaby lisetyenziselwa ukubiza ezincinci. Ikwasetyenziswa, ngamaxesha, kwintsingiselo ebanzi okanye enkulu, ukubhekisa phantse kuwo onke amalungu osapho lwe-macropod.
Nangona kunjalo, eli gama alibhekiseli kuhlelo olungqongqo lwenzululwazi, ngoko ke iindidi eziyinxalenye yohlobo olufanayo (iqela leentlobo ezisondeleleneyo) zinokubizwa ngokuba yikhangaru, iwallaby okanye iwallaby, exhomekeke kuphela kubungakanani bazo. Umzekelo, iMacropus parma yaziwa ngokuba yiParma wallaby, ngelixa iMacropus antilopinus ibizwa ngokwahlukeneyo njenge antelope kangaroo okanye antelope wallaby.
Imvelaphi yegama
Igama elithi kangaroo livela kwi "gangurru", igama leGuugu Yimithirr (abemi base-Australia), apho babhekisela kwikhangaru engwevu. Eli gama labhalwa okokuqala (kwinguqulelo yalo yesiNgesi ethi “kangaroo”) ngumlandeli wohambo uJames Cook ngoAgasti 4, 1770.
Intsomi exhaphakileyo iqinisekisa ukuba igama elithi khangaru laliza kuvela xa abantu baseNtshona babuza ukuba sasibizwa ngokuba yintoni eso silwanyana baze ngaloo ndlela babe “yiKan Ghu Ru” oko kwaphendulwa ngabemi bomthonyama. Ngokutsho kwebali, oku kwakungathethi igama lesilwanyana, kodwa kunoko bafuna ukuthi «andimqondi. Eli bali alinamthombo uthile, ekubeni imvelaphi yeli gama ibhalwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Iintlobo zeKangaroo
I-subfamily ye-Macropodinae ibandakanya, ukongeza kwiindidi zekhangaru, ii-wallabies kunye ne-wallaroos, ezinye ezihlala zibizwa ngokuba ziikhangaru zomthi, i-koocas, i-dorcopsis kunye ne-pademelons. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba ziikhangaru, kwaye ezine kuzo zijongiwe kwakhona apha:
- Ikhangaru eBomvu (Macropus rufus), le yeyona inkulu kwiikhangaru yaye lolona hlobo lukhulu lwee<em>marsupial ezisaphilayo. Iikhangaru ezibomvu zifumaneka kumbindi owomileyo kunye nendawo eyinkqantosi yaseOstreliya. Indoda ekukhuleni kwayo inokufikelela kwi-1,5 yeemitha ukuphakama, iimitha ezi-3 ubude kunye nobunzima be-135 kilogram.
- Ikhangaru eGrey yaseMpuma (Macropus giganteus), ayaziwa kangako kunekhangaru ebomvu, kodwa ibonwa rhoqo, kuba ummandla wayo uquka indawo echumileyo esempuma yeOstreliya.
- I-Western Gray Kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus), incinci ngobukhulu kwaye ibekwe emazantsi eNtshona Ostreliya, kumazantsi eOstreliya kufutshane nonxweme nakwintlambo yoMlambo iDarling.
- I-Antilopine Kangaroo (Macropus antilopinus) ngokusisiseko yindawo esemantla ekwanti yeekhangaru ezingwevu empuma nasentshona. Kanye njengabo, sisilwanyana sasethafeni, emahlathini kunye nabantu.
Iikhangaru zifumaneka ikakhulu eOceania, zisaziwa njengesona silwanyana siqhelekileyo eOstreliya.
Inkcazo yeKhangaru
Iikhangaru zinemilenze yasemva emikhulu nenamandla, iinyawo ezinkulu ezilungele ukutsiba, umsila omde nonezihlunu ukugcina ibhalansi kunye nentloko encinci. Iindlebe zabo ezibanzi zizimele, oko kukuthi, ziyakwazi ukuzikhomba kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ngexesha elinye. Iimazi zinengxowa ye<em>marsupial yokukhuselwa nokukhusela amantshontsho azo athozamileyo. Ubomi bakhe bumalunga ne-18 leminyaka.
Iikhangaru zitya utyani ngokupheleleyo, ekubeni ukutya kwazo kuyingca neengcambu. Zonke iintlobo zayo ziyasebenza ebusuku nangokuhlwa kuba zihlala zichitha imini zizolile ukuze zityise emva kwemini kunye nobusuku obubandayo, ngokwesiqhelo ngokwamaqela. I-Kangaroos inokufikelela kubude beemitha ezi-3 kwaye umsila wabo usebenza njengenkxaso, ibhalansi kunye nokuba yinto yesithathu ephantsi.
Ukutya kwekhangaru
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo, izityalo ezincinci, amagqabi, iintyatyambo, iifern, ubulembu kunye neziqhamo ezahlukeneyo zezona zinto ziphambili ekutyeni kwazo. Ngale nto kucacile ukuba zizilwanyana ezitya utyani. Zikhetha ukufuna ukutya kwazo ngokwamaqela ekupheleni kwemini nasebusuku, zikwazi ukuchitha ixesha elide ngaphandle kwamanzi..
Ukuziphatha kweKangaroo
Amaqela abo makhulu, kuba banokuquka imizekelo engama-30 ukuya kuma-50 esasazwe kumhlaba ovulekileyo. Ukuba kukho naluphi na uphawu lwengozi oluqatshelweyo, bahamba ngenxa yokuba baneentloni, kodwa xa ilixesha lokujongana nayo nayiphi na ingozi, baba nobudlova kwaye basebenzise isikhonkwane esigobileyo nesibukhali kakhulu esibekwe kumalungu abo angasemva, apho banokulimaza kakhulu ixhoba, elikhatshwa kukutsiba kwalo okungaqhelekanga ukuqalisa ukukhaba okunamandla.
Ukukhupha
Iikhangaru kuphela kwezilwanyana ezikhulu ezihamba ngokuxhumaxhuma. Enza loo mitsi ngokushukumisa imilenze yawo ngaxeshanye, nto leyo ebumba indlela ekhawulezayo neyongayo yokushukuma, ekubeni ngesantya esiphezulu zisebenzisa nje inxalenye encinane yamandla eziya kuyifuna ukuba zishukuma ngenye indlela.
Ngenxa yobude beenyawo zazo, azikwazi ukuhamba kakuhle. Ukuze zihambe ngesantya esiphantsi, zisebenzisa imisila yazo njengentathu, idibene nemilenze yazo yangaphambili. Ngaloo ndlela banokuhambisa iinyawo zabo inyathelo elinye ukuya phambili.
Xa zibaleka, zihamba ngesantya esingama-20 ukuya kuma-25 km/h yaye xa zifuna isantya kwimigama emifutshane zifikelela kuma-70 km/h, zigcine isantya esiyi-40 km/h ubuncinane kangangeekhilomitha ezimbini. Ziyakwazi ukutsiba ukuya kutsho kwi-9 yeemitha ngesantya esimangalisayo kwaye nangona bezizitsiba ezinkulu, azikwazi ukutsibela ngasemva.
Ukuveliswa kweKangaroo
Umjikelo wabo wokuzala uyahluka kakhulu ngokweentlobo. Ikhangaru ebomvu ivelisa amathuba, njengoko idibana kwaye izala xa iimeko zonyaka zivuma ukuba izale. Iikhangaru ezingwevu zizala unyaka wonke, kodwa zizala amantshontsho amaninzi kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni njengoko ephuma kwisingxobo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, intwasahlobo. Ezinye iintlobo zinexesha elilinganiselweyo lokuzala.
Kwiintlobo ezininzi, njenge-quoca, ukukhwelana kwenzeka emva kokuzala (i-postpartum estrus); Kwezi zihlandlo, i-blastocyst ephumlayo idla ngokuveliswa, ethi ikhule kamva, xa imveku yokuzalwa kwangaphambili ishiya i-marsupium.
Ukuthandana kwenkunzi nemazi kunokuthatha iiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Inkunzi ilandela imazi yekhangaru eruvayo, isoloko ifutha ekuvulekeni kwengxowa yayo ye-urogenital, ibambe umsila wayo omde ngelinye lamalungu ayo angezantsi.
Ezona zincinci, okanye i-wallabies, yenza iintshukumo ezisecaleni ngemisila yazo phambi kokuba idityaniswe, ivelisa ucofa olutsala umdla wabasetyhini. Ukukhwelana kunokuhlala imizuzu embalwa, okanye ngokuchaseneyo, kwimeko yekhangaru engwevu, inokuhlala iyure okanye ngaphezulu.
Malunga neentsuku ezingama-28 ukuya kwezingama-36 emva kokukhwelana, inzala iza emhlabeni ingakhange ikhule ngokupheleleyo, ingenaboya, inamehlo angasebenziyo neendlebe, yaye ilingana neesentimitha ezintathu kuphela ngobukhulu. Kwimeko yeekhangaru ezibomvu, ezinobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezingama-27, amantshontsho azo akafikeleli kubunzima obuziimiligram ezingama-800.
Nanini na ithole likhululiwe, lifudukela kwisingxobo sikanina ngokuhambisa intloko yalo emacaleni njengoko lirhubuluza esibelekweni, landule ke lifake ibele ngokungqongqo emlonyeni, yaye incam yalo iyanda de izalise umngxuma womlomo. imizuzu embalwa. Apho uya kufumana ukutya kwakho kwiinyanga ezisibhozo ezizayo. Ekubeni ilungele ukuphuma, ibuyela rhoqo engxoweni ukuze incance ezinye iinyanga ezintandathu, ngelo xesha kuya kube sele kuzelwe elinye ithole.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, kuzalwa inzala enye kuphela ngexesha, kodwa kuye kwachazwa ukuzalwa kweentsana ezimbini zekhangaru. Abaselula badla ngokubotshelelwa ngoonina de bafikelele ekuqoleni ngokwesini.
Izoyikiso zeKangaroo
Amaxhoba endalo ekhangaru anqabile. I<em>thylacine, eyayikade igqalwa zizazi ngezidalwa zamandulo njengezinye zezona ziqweqwe zibalulekileyo zekhangaru, iye yanyamalala. Phakathi kwezinye izilwanyana ezilahlekileyo yingonyama yemarsupial, iMegalania kunye neWonambi. Noko ke, ngokufika kwabantu eOstreliya kwiminyaka engama-50.000 5.000 eyadlulayo kwaza kwabakho i<em>dingo kwiminyaka engama-XNUMX XNUMX eyadlulayo, kuye kwafuneka ukuba iikhangaru ziqhelane noko.
Olona xolo lwenja lunokothusa umntu omdala oyindoda ukuba abe nesiphithiphithi sasendle. Amaxhalanga nezinye iintaka ezidla inyama zidla ngokutya inyama yekhangaru. Iigoanna nezinye izirhubuluzi ezitya inyama nazo zibeka emngciphekweni ezona ndidi zincinane zekhangaru xa ezinye iindawo zokutya zinganelanga.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVyOXm01R_I
Kunye nee<em>dingo nezinye ii<em>canids, ukudityaniswa kwezilwanyana ezinjengeempungutye kunye neekati zasendle nako kuba sisisongelo kumaqela ekhangaru. Iikhangaru kunye neewallabi ziqubha ngamaxesha athile, ngokuqhelekileyo zibalekela kwimisinga ukuba ithuba liyavela.
Xa isemanzini, ikhangaru enkulu inokusebenzisa imilenze yayo yangaphambili ukuze ibambe irhamncwa ngaphantsi kwamanzi ize iyintywilisele. Elinye iqhinga lokuzikhusela elichazwe ngamangqina kukubamba inja ngemilenze yangaphambili kwaye iyikhabe ngasemva.
Ubudlelwane nabantu
Iikhangaru ezinkulu ziye zaqhelana ngcono notshintsho oluziswe ngabantu kumhlaba waseOstreliya, kwaye nangona uninzi lwabazala babo abancinci besengozini yokuphela, baninzi.
Azifuywa nangawuphi na umkhamo, kodwa ukuzingela iikhangaru zasendle kwakhula ngokuphawulekayo ukuze kufumaneke inyama yazo, iimfele, imidlalo, nokukhuselwa kwamadlelo ezimvu neenkomo. Nangona kukho ukuphikisana okuthile, ukuvunwa kwenyama yekhangaru kuneengenelo ezininzi kwimekobume nempilo ukuba ilingana nenyama yesintu.
Ikhangaru ngumfanekiso wesizwe waseOstreliya kwaye umfuziselo wayo usetyenziswa kwidyasi yengalo yaseOstreliya, kwiingqekembe ezininzi zayo, kunye nemibutho ethile eyaziwayo eOstreliya, ikhangaru ibalulekile kuzo zombini inkcubeko yaseOstreliya kunye nomfanekiso wekhangaru. ilizwe, yiyo loo nto kukho iimbekiselo ezininzi kwezi zilwanyana kwinkcubeko edumileyo.
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