Waxaa jira wadamo badan oo ay ku yaalaan tiro badan oo ah muuqaalo, fauna iyo dhir aad u qurux badan oo gaar ah oo la ilaaliyo, sababtoo ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay yihiin hanti. Maqaalkan waxaad ku baran doontaa wax ku saabsan meelaha dabiiciga ah ee la ilaaliyo ee Mexico.
Meelaha Dabiiciga ah ee Meksiko
Dalka mudnaan u leh in loo doorto mid ka mid ah meelaha laga helo hantida dabiiciga ah.
Meksiko waxaa jira noocyo badan oo kala duwan oo dabiici ah
Wadanku waxa uu leeyahay tiro badan oo ay dalalka qaar leeyihiin, noocyadaas waxaa ka mid ah deegaanka, dhirta iyo xoolaha.
Tiradaas badan, dalka ayaa loo aqoonsaday oo galay liiska 17-ka waddan ee leh noocyada dabiiciga ah ee meeraha, aqoonsigaas waxaa bixiyay Qaramada Midoobay, iyada oo loo marayo Xarunta Kormeerka Deegaanka ee u xilsaaran oo hagaya barnaamijka.
Liiska sidoo kale waxaa ku jira wadamada soo socda:
- Kolombiya.
- Ecuador
- Peru
- Brazil
- Kongo.
- Madagaskar.
- Shiinaha.
- Hindiya
- Malaysia.
- Indonesia.
- Australia.
- Papua New Guinea.
- Koonfur Afrika.
- Mareykanka
- Filibiin
- Venezuela.
Dowladda Federaalka oo raadineysa hab lagu dhowro deegaanka dalkan, ayaa taas ku sameyneysa maamulka guud, iyadoo soo saartay go’aamo ku saabsan in sagaal qeybood oo dalka ka mid ah ay qeyb ka noqdaan deegaanka la ilaaliyo.
"Aagga dabiiciga ah ee la ilaaliyo" ama meelaha la ilaaliyo ee deegaanka waa meelaha aan nidaamka deegaanka ee dhabta ah aan la taaban gacanta bini'aadamka, taas oo ah sababta ay tahay in maalgashi ballaaran lagu sameeyo si loo ilaaliyo.
Wixii ka dambeeyay 2016, meelaha la ilaalinayo waa 181, taas oo noqon doonta 90.6 milyan hektar, markii hore waxaa jiray 176 kaliya, kuwaas oo daboolay ilaa 25.4 milyan hektar. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in hal (10,78%) dhulka badda iyo hal (22,05%) ee badda dalka ay ilaaliso Dowladda Federaalka.
Aagagga Dabeecadda ee leh Ilaalinta waxaa ka kooban:
- Kaydadka biosphere ee leh ilaalin waa (45).
- Seeraha Qaranka ee la ilaaliyo waa (66).
- Goobaha Ilaalinta Dhirta iyo Xayawaanka waxay gaareen (39).
- Meelaha Ilaalinta Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah (8).
- Taalooyinka Dabiiciga ah waa (5).
- Xaramka waa wadar ahaan (18).
Xogtan waxaa bixiya "Komishanka Qaranka ee Goobaha Dabiiciga ah ee Ilaalinaya".
Meelaha la ilaaliyo ee liiska la galiyay wakhti aan fogayn waa:
- Kaydka Biosphere ee Kariibiyaanka Mexico. Waxay ku taal Gobolka Quintana Roo waxayna leedahay dherer dhan 5.75 milyan hektar.
- Seeraar de Tamaulipas Biosphere Reserve. Waxay leedahay 309 kun oo hektar.
- Deep Mexico Biosphere Reserve. Waxay dabooshaa Nayarit, Oaxaca iyo Chiapas, Michoacán, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, dhererkeeduna waa 59.7 milyan hektar.
- Kaydka Biosphere ee Jasiiradaha Baasifiga. Waxay daboolaysaa 1.16 milyan hektar, oo ay ku yaalliin 21 jasiiradood iyo 97 jasiiradood.
Joornaal ka soo baxa dalka, halkaas oo ay kaga hadlaan kala duwanaanshaha noolaha, kaas oo la daabaco afartii sanaba mar halkaas oo ay kaga hadlaan arrimaha la xidhiidha Qaaradda Maraykanka.
Joornaalku wuxuu si weyn u tixraacayaa biogeography, ecology iyo evolution, waxaas oo dhan waa natiijada cilmi-baaris ay sameeyeen saynisyahano ka yimid dalka iyo saynisyahano ajnabi ah, kuwaas oo ku takhasusay mawduuca.
Dhammaan macluumaadkan, waxaa loogu talagalay in la cusbooneysiiyo iyada oo la tixraacayo ilaalinta, xakamaynta iyo meelaha deegaanka ee kaydinta iyo dhammaan faa'iidooyinka ay yeelan karaan kheyraadka dabiiciga ah.
Majaladda dalkan ee daabacaadda 2013, waxaan ku siinayaa macluumaad ku saabsan booska uu Mexico ku xiran yahay wadamada kale ee sidoo kale ka kooban megadiversity.
Dalkani waxa uu leeyahay xamaarato kala duwan oo ku dhawaad 864 unug, sababtaas awgeed waxa uu ku jiraa kaalinta labaad ee liiska.
Mexico ayaa kaalinta saddexaad kaga jirta liiska 564 nooc oo naasley ah.
Kaalinta shanaad ee noocyada kala duwan ee amphibians waxay leedahay, wadar ahaan 376, marka la eego dhirta xididdada dhiigga waxay leedahay celcelis ahaan laga bilaabo 21.989 ilaa 23.424.
Shimbiraha ayaa ku jira kaalinta 11-aad tirada noocyada kala duwanina waa 1.123 ilaa 1.150 nooc.
Mexico mudnaanta leh
Waxaa jira doodo dhowr ah oo ka jira in dalkani uu noqdo mid kala duwan.
Midda kowaad waa meesha ay ku taal juquraafi, waxay dhex martaa bartamaha Tropic of Cancer abuurista a Cimilo roobeed (kulaylaha) taas oo ka caawisa tirada noocyada koritaanka.
Qodob kale oo muhiim u ah Mexico, dalkan ayaa leh aragtiyo kala duwan oo aad u sarreeya halkaas oo buuraha laga helo meesha ugu horeysa ee lagu muujiyo noocyada kala duwan ee carrada, cimilada, noocyada kala duwan ee xayawaanka iyo dhirta. Waxaa jira Badaha iyo badaha, kaymaha, lamadegaanka, kaymaha iyo sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin dhiiqo, tani waa muunad kale oo ka mid ah waxa uu dalkani u bixiyo meeraha.
Wadanku waa balaadhan yahay wuxuuna hoyiyaa tiro badan oo deegaan waxaana mahada iska leh horumarka uu soo maray waxaa jira isku darka xayawaanka iyo dhirta ka soo jeeda meelaha Nearctic iyo Neotropical.
Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay u muuqato in aysan la xiriirin, dhaqanka asaliga ah ee dhulku wuxuu ka dhigayaa qaybtiisa, si uu u sameeyo dabeecadda hodanka ah ee la xiriirta domainka dhirta iyo xayawaanka.
Kaydadka biosphere
Mexico, oo ah waddan leh kala duwanaansho deegaan iyo muuqaal, waxay u ogolaataa in la arko oo ay noqoto jirrabay. Waxay leeyihiin goob juqraafi ah, oo kala duwan Noocyada cimilada, kuwaas oo ah qodobbada u oggolaanaya kobcinta iyo ilaalinta nidaamka deegaanka ee aan la barbar dhigi karin.
Waa waddan ay ka jiraan noocyo badan oo bayooloji ah, laga yaabee kala duwanaanshaha ugu weyn ee Dunida; Taas waxaa daliil u ah dhammaan meelaha dabiiciga ah ee la ilaaliyo. Meelahan la ilaalinayo waxaa loo arkaa inay yihiin dhaxal dabiici ah oo bini'aadminimo, oo ay ansixisay UNESCO.
Kuwa soo socda, liiska dhammaan hantidan laga helay waa kaydka Mexico:
- Sierra ee Tamaulipas
- Deep Mexico Pacific
- Laga soo bilaabo Kariibiyaanka Mexico
- Jasiiradaha Baasifigga
- Bay of Angels, kanaalada Whale iyo Salsipuedes
- Vizcaino asal ahaan
- Jasiiradda Guadalupe
- El Pinacate iyo Saxaraha Weyn ee Altar
- San Pedro Martir Island
- Gacanka Sare ee California iyo Colorado River Delta
- Sierra de Manantlan
- balanbaalis boqortooyo
- Sian Ka'an
- Calakmul
- Jasiiradaha Marias
- Marshes Qaran
- Sierra Gorda Queretaro
- Tehuacan - Cuicatlan
- Guusha
- Ria Lizards
- Buuraha Buluuga ah
- Michilia
- Centla dhiiqo
- Lacan Tun
- Gacanka Sare ee California iyo Colorado River Delta
- Chamela-Cuixmala
- Sierra del Abra Tanchipa
- Jasiiradaha Revillagigedo
- Siira La Laguna
- isgoysyada
- Xabaasha
- Chinchorro Bank
- Tuxtlas
- petenes
- Buuraha kala duwan ee Cuautla
- Ocote The
- Mapimi
- Canyon ee Metztitlan
- Ria Celestun
- Volcano Tacana
- Sierra Gorda Guanajuato
- Zicuiran Infiernillo
- Nirig whale
- Janus
- Ojo de Liebre Lagoon Complex.
Ilaalinta iyo Hawlaha
Meelaha aan hore u soo sheegnay ee ilaalinta deegaanka ee dalka ma mamnuucayaan wareegga aadanaha.
Dabcan meelahaas waa la ilaaliyaa, booqdayaashu waa inay u hoggaansamaan shuruucda la dejiyay si mid kasta oo ka mid ah goobaha dhaxalka ah ee qaranka lagu hayo xaalad wanaagsan, waxaa jira kiisas loo baahan yahay ogolaansho si loo galo aagga si loo booqdo.
Tusaale ahaan, si aad u tagto "Alacranes" Reef, Komishanka Qaranka ee Goobaha Ilaalinta Dabiiciga ah (CONANP) waxay u baahan yihiin in la raaco xeerarka dammaanad qaadaya ilaalinta goobta.
Waxaa jira mamnuuc in goobta la soo galo xayawaan ama nooc kasta oo dhir ah, lama ogola in la tuuro qashinka, maaha in lagu soo duulo dadka deegaanka. Waxa ugu horreeya ee aad ku sugan tahay meelahaas waa in la ixtiraamo dadka ku nool meesha, iyo sidoo kale in la ixtiraamo dhammaan meelaha muuqaalka ah iyo ugu dambeyntii ixtiraamka martida kale sidaas darteedna waxay gacan ka geystaan joogitaanka goobta si wada jir ah.
Iyadoo ku xiran booska la booqanayo, waxaa suurtagal ah in la fuliyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada isboortiga sida:
- snorkeling
- Socodka
- Rappel.
- Buurta fuula.
- xerayn.
- quusitaanka
- Kayak
- rafting.
- Doontu raacdo.
- Booqashooyinka
- Baaskiil wadista
Booqashooyinka waxaa lagu samayn karaa hagayaal si loo eego shimbiraha, fauna iyo flora iyadoo la adeegsanayo dhammaan daryeelka loo baahan yahay.
Xadiiqadaha Qaranka
"Xirmooyinka qaranka" waa meelaha la ilaaliyo, Goobaha ilaalinta dhirta iyo xayawaanka ee Mexico, iyadoo loo marayo digreeto rasmi ah, xilka waxaa sida caadiga ah fuliya Madaxweynaha. Halkaan hoose ka eeg halka ay ku yaalaan jardiinooyinka qaar iyo liiska inta kale ee dalka ku taal:
- Waxay ku taal Baja California Sur, oo leh aag dhan 2.066 km², waa Bay of Loreto.
- Waxay ku taallaa Gacanka California, waa dhul badeed dhererkiisu yahay 587 km2. Espiritu Santo Archipelago waxay ku taal.
- Cabo Pulmo waxay ku taal magaalada San José ee degmada Los Cabos ee gobolka Baja California Sur.
- Laba jasiiradood oo ku yaal meel u dhow xeebta Mexico ee Gobolka Nayarit. Waa jasiirado, asal ahaan volcano, waxaa lagu magacaabaa Marietas Islands.
- Aagga badda ee jasiiradaha San Lorenzo
- Jasiiradda Elizabeth
- Shirarka Monterrey
- Godadka Cacahuamilpa
- Iztacchihuatl-Popocatépetl
- Scorpions Reef
- Reefs ee Cozumel
- Tulum
- Xeebta Galbeed ee Isla Mujeres, Punta Cancun iyo Punta Nizuc.
- Reefs ee Puerto Morelos
- Jasiiradda Contoy
- Saxaraha Libaaxyada
- Colima The Snowy
- Buurta Garnica
- marmarka
- Muqaawamada Miguel Hidalgo iyo Costilla
- Gogororkii
- Shirarka Ajusco
- Ilaha Tlalpan
- Lagoonyada Zempoala
- Macnaha ugu sarreeya ee Orizaba
- The Tepozteco
- Tepeyac
- Laabta ee Perote
- Buurta Dawanka
- Lagoonyada Chacahua
- The Nezahualcoyotl Flower Mills
- Benito Juarez
- Canyon River White
- Daawooyinka
- Buuraha Padierna
- Buurta Xiddiga
- Sabine
- Coyoacan-ka
- Malinche The
- The Cupatitzio Ravine
- Kacdoonka Jose Maria Morelos
- Sacromonte
- Meesha ugu sarreysa ee Majalca
- Shirarka Monterrey
- Camecuaro Lake
- Steers
- Boschencheve
- Sierra de San Pedro Martir
- Lamadegaanka Carmen ama Nixcongo
- Rayonka
- Lagoonyada Montebello
- Dastuurkii 1857kii
- General Juan N. Alvarez
- doonnida
- Canyon Sumidero
- Basaseachi Waterfall
- Tula
- Palenque
- Wiilkii
- The Dzibilchantún
- Veracruz Reef System
- Shir-madaxeedka
- Huatulco
- Xubinta arka
- Xcalak Reefs
- revillagigedo
- Goobaha Ilaalinta Dhirta iyo Xayawaanka
- Jasiiradaha Gacanka California
- ocampo
- Dooxada Cirios
- Cabo San Lucas
- Dabagal
- Cacaxtla Plateau
- Lobos-Tuxpan Reef System
- Dunes of Samalayuca
- Afar Ciénegas
- Jidka noolaha ee Chichinautzin
- Santa Elena Canyon
- Toulca baraf baa leh
- Ucaymil
- Tancitaro Peak
- tutuaca
- Beerta cagaaran
- papigochic
- Guga
- Biyo-dhac buluug ah
- Dooxada Cirios
- Sierra de Alvarez
- Sierra la Mojonera
- Dooxa
- Sierra de Quila
- Jidka noolaha ee Chichinautzin
- Chan Kin
- Lagoon of Terms
- yum balam
- Qoryaha Carmen
- Sierra de Álamos-Río Cuchujaqui
- metzabok
- Naha
- Otoch Ma'ax Yetel Kooh
- Lerma dhiiqo
- Laguna Madre iyo delta ee Rio Bravo
- Bala'an Ka'ax
- Nichupte Mangroves
- Anchovies oo ka yimid Tonala
- Usumacinta Canyon
Goobaha Ilaalinta Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah
Aagagga la leh Ilaalinta Kaymaha waxaa ka mid ah "Hydrographic Basin" oo ah: Wabiga Necaxa, Valle de Bravo, Temascaltepec, Malacatepec iyo wabiyada Tilostoc. "Aagga Difaaca Kaymaha ee carrada" oo ku yaal degmooyinka La Concordia, Villa Flores Ángel Albino Corzo, iyo Jiquipilas. Basinnada quudiya Degmada Qaranka ee Waraabka: 001 Pabellón, 004 Don Martín, 026 Bajo Río San Juan iyo 043 Nayarit State, Las Huertas.
Taalooyinka Dabiiciga ah ee Dalka
Dhammaan walxaha dabiiciga ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa hantida dabiiciga ah, dabcan waxay ka tirsan yihiin muuqaalka muuqaalka. Meelaha ay ilaalinayaan "Komishanka Qaranka ee Goobaha Ilaalinta Dabiiciga ah" (CONANP) si loo dayactiro.
Dalkan waxaa hadda ka jira shan meelood oo loo kala saaray inay yihiin hanti dabiici ah. Nolol maalmeedka ereygan waxaa loo adeegsadaa in lagu magacaabo meel kasta oo dabiici ah oo uu waddanku ilaaliyo.
Taas awgeed, meelaha quduuska ah, jardiinooyinka, aagagga ilaalinta gaarka ah iyo goobaha intiisa kale ayaa lagu daray qaybtan.
- Bonampak
- Buurta Kursiga.
- Wabiga Turbid ee Waqooyiga.
- Yagul
- Yaxchilan.
Goobaha Nadaafadda
Meesha quduuska ah waa meelo isku xidhan, goobo ku xidhan nolosha dhabta ah iyo ka Asalka koonka. Dalkan waxa ku jira hodanti dabiici ah oo aad u kala duwan, kala duwan oo midabyo badan leh.
CONAP waxay leedahay fikradda quduuska ah halkaasoo ay sheegaan inay go'aamiyeen aagagga sida aagagga lagu garto dhaxalka weyn ee fauna iyo flora. Sidoo kale soo bandhigida noocyada, noocyada ama deegaamada qaybinta xaddidan.
- La Pajarera, Cocinas, Mamut, Colorada, San Pedro, San Agustín, San Andrés iyo Negrita Islands, iyo Los Anegados, Novillas, Mosca iyo Submarino.
- Xeebta u dhow magaalada oo lagu magacaabo Río Lagartos
- Hawo-mareenada kuleylka ee Guaymas Basin iyo Dooxada Bari ee Baasifigga
- Xeebta Teopa
- Xeebta Ceuta
- Xeebta Cuitzmala
- Xeebta caday
- Xeebta Chacahua Bay
- Xeebta Jasiiradda Contoy
- Maruata iyo Colola xeebta
- Xeebta Mismaloya
- Xeebta Puerto Arista
- Xeebta Rancho Nuevo
- Tierra Colorada Beach
- Xeebta El Tecuan
- Xeebta El Verde Camacho
- Xeebta Mexiquillo
- Tlacoyunque Stone Beach