La Viola masara, kyakkyawan tsiro ne na asalin Pyrenees da tsaunin Cantabrian, a Spain. Yana da ban sha'awa ga ƙamshin sa, sanannen furanni a cikin kaka, kasancewarsa iri ɗaya ne da ake ci kuma don ƙawata muhalli kamar yadda ake ɗaukar amfani da kayan ado. Gano a nan kulawar su da ƙari mai yawa.
Viola masara
La Viola masara, tsiro ne na shekara-shekara, wanda ke nufin zai iya rayuwa fiye da shekaru biyu, saboda babban tsarin tushensa. Wanne yana taimaka masa sauƙi sha ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki daga substrate, wanda shine al'ada Tsarin abinci mai gina jiki. Haka kuma, an gano shi da sunayen "Violeta de los Pirineos", "Violeta" da "Pensamiento mini" (saboda kamanceceniya da shukar Pansy).
Yana da iyaka ga Pyrenees, wani tsaunuka wanda ke arewacin yankin Iberian Peninsula, yana da iyaka da kasashen Faransa da Spain. Hakanan, asalinsa ne ga tsaunin Cantabrian, wanda yake a Arewacin Tsibirin Iberian. Wani abu mai ban mamaki shi ne cewa an haɗa shi a cikin "Jerin Red" na Angorra, bisa ga la'akari da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kare Halitta.
Yana da al'ada don ganin Viola cornuta, a wuraren da ke da ganye, tsakanin duwatsu ko duwatsu da kuma inda akwai ciyawa. Tsayin shuka ya kai daga santimita 30, furanninta suna tsakanin santimita 2 zuwa 4, yayin da furannin furannin nata suna auna tsakanin santimita 1,5 zuwa 1,9. Ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan dabi'unsa shine cewa yana iya jure yanayin zafi tsakanin -7 ° C da -15 ° C, yanayin da ya sa ya dace.
Kamshinsa wani abu ne da ba a lura da shi ba, tare da babban kyawunsa da raye-rayen bicolors, galibi yana samun haduwar launin rawaya, shuɗi da sautunan violet masu duhu. Inda baya ga kasancewar tsire-tsire da ake amfani da su na ado na yau da kullun, petals na furanninta suna cikin kayan ado na gastronomic kuma har ma ana iya ci.
Haihuwar Viola cornuta
La Viola masara Yana da halin haifuwa ta hanyar iri, musamman a cikin watanni yana nufin lokacin bazara ko lokacin rani. A cikin abin da kawai abin da ake bukata shi ne sanya su a cikin gilashin da ke dauke da ruwa kuma bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan, kawai 'ya'yan da suka nutse za a kwashe.
Ya kamata a sanya waɗannan, tare da tazara a tsakanin su, a kan wani wuri don seedlings, a baya m, wanda za'a iya sanya shi cikin sauƙi a cikin tukunyar tukunya ko tire na seedling. Daga baya an rufe su da ƙarin substrate, ana shayar da su kuma a sanya su a cikin wani yanki da ke da hasken rana kai tsaye, idan bazara ne, ko kuma a cikin inuwa, idan lokacin rani ne. Ganin cewa a cikin kasa da makonni biyu za su yi fure. A wannan lokacin, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa substrate koyaushe yana da ɗanɗano.
Lokaci mai dacewa don dasawa
Itacen Viola cornuta yana da a matsayin lokaci mai kyau don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa kai tsaye, lokacin bazara. A gefe guda, idan dalili shine dasawa zuwa babban tukunya, lokacin yana nuna alamar, lokacin da aka ga tushen yana fitowa daga ramukan magudanar ruwa. Hakanan yana iya zama zaɓi, lokacin da shuka yana da tsayin da ke tsakanin santimita 5 zuwa 10.
Tsarin haraji
Shuka Viola masara, yana samun rarrabuwar harajin ta daga masanin kimiyyar Sweden Carlos Linneo, wanda ya yi fice don kasancewarsa masanin ilimin halittu, masanin halitta da masanin dabbobi. Wannan ya zo ne don gabatar da shi a cikin shekara ta 1753, ta hanyar littafinsa "Species Plantarum", yana ba da bayanai masu zuwa:
- Masarauta: Plantae
- Rabo: Magnoliophyta
- Class: Magnoliopsida
- Order: Malpighiales
- Iyali: Violaceae
- Salon: Viola
- Nau'i: V. cornuta
Halayen Viola cornuta
Daga cikin halayen da suka dace na shuka Viola masara, ana samun wadannan:
- Ita ce tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara, wato, tana da rayuwar fiye da shekaru biyu.
- Yana daga cikin kyawawan shuke-shuke da za a shuka duka a cikin tukwane da cikin ƙasa kai tsaye.
- Babban abin jan hankalinsa, baya ga kyakkyawan kamshinsa, shi ne furannin da yake bayarwa a lokacin hunturu.
- Ganyen shuka gabaɗaya oblong ne.
- Sun fi son wuraren lambu tare da abin da ya faru na hasken rana.
- Ana amfani da petals na furanninta a ko'ina a cikin abinci na haute, da kuma a cikin irin kek, ba kawai don ado ba. Domin har ma suna da abinci, suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano.
- Furancinsa gabaɗaya masu launi biyu ne.
- Yana yaduwa ta hanyar rhizomes.
- Kyakkyawan yanayinsa shine tsakanin sanyi da danshi.
- Tushen da ake shuka shi dole ne ya sami magudanar ruwa mai kyau kuma ya kasance mai wadatar kwayoyin halitta, kuma dole ne a kiyaye shi da danshi.
- Cikakken pH yana tsaka tsaki, yana yiwuwa ya isa alkaline.
Bayanin furanninsa da ganyensa
Furaninta sun yi fice sosai saboda ƙamshinsu. Yakan zo cikin inuwar ruwan shuɗi, shuɗi, kirim, ko rawaya. Inda sautunan bicolor suka kasance mafi ban mamaki, furanni a cikin wannan yanayin suna da manyan launuka na rawaya, blue da violet a cikin hanyar haɗin gwiwa.
Kasancewa mafi yawan al'ada, violet mai duhu kusa da rawaya, rawaya kusa da shuɗi da lavender kusa da rawaya. Inda girmansa ke tsakanin santimita 2 zuwa 4. A cikinsa petals ya kai tsakanin 1,5 zuwa 1,9 centimeters.
ganyen shuka Viola masara, suna da haihuwarsu daga tushe ɗaya kuma a baya suna da gashi. A gefe guda kuma, siffarsu ta kasance mai tsayi, wanda ke nufin cewa sun fi tsayi. Suna da petiole, wanda yayi daidai da kari wanda ta hanyar da yake haɗuwa da kara.
Viola cornuta kula
Daga cikin mahimmanci ko mahimmancin kulawa na Viola masara sune masu zuwa:
- Yanayi: Ana siffanta ta da kasancewarta tsiro mai buqatar iska mai kyau da hasken halitta, don haka dole ne ta kasance a waje, ko an dasa ta a cikin kasa ko a tukunya. Amma, lokacin da wannan buƙatu ba ta samuwa, aƙalla yankin da isasshen hasken halitta ya kai shi yana da mahimmanci.
- Substratum: Lokacin da substrate ya kasance don tukunya, ana ba da shawarar duniya, wanda don inganta shi, tsakanin 20 zuwa 30% perlite da yumbu mai fadi (ko makamancin haka) za'a iya ƙarawa, wanda ke haskaka magudanar ruwa. A cikin yanayin lambun, abin da ya zama dole ne mai sauƙi mai sauƙi wanda ba ya haifar da ruwa da kuma cewa pH yana tsaka tsaki, ko alkaline.
- Watse: Ruwan da shukar Viola cornuta ke buƙata kullum shine sau 1 zuwa 2 a mako. Amma lokacin da, akasin haka, lokacin yana zafi, yana buƙatar ƙara yawan shayarwa sau 3 zuwa 4 a cikin mako. Yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa ana yin shayarwa ne kawai a kan substrate, a wani lokaci a kan ganye da ƙasa da furanni. da zama a barsu da isa Haushi, amma ba tare da ambaliya ba.
- Mai Talla: Ana ba da shawarar yin shi tare da takin gargajiya, kowane kwanaki 10 zuwa 15, daga farkon bazara har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Mafi kyawun taki shine mahallin halitta, guano ko takin algae.
- Mai jan tsami: Yanke na Viola cornuta ba wajibi ba ne, kawai wajibi ne a cire ganye ko furanni da suka bayyana bushe, bushe, tare da kowace alamar lalacewa ko cuta. Ana yin hakan cikin sauƙi ta hanyar amfani da almakashi na gama gari da aka sani a baya, da nufin cewa ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta ko fungi ba su shafar shuka.
Kwarin da ke kai hari ga Viola cornuta
Ko da yake shuka Viola masara, yana da alaƙa da kasancewa a fili mai ƙarfi da ɗorewa, akwai kwari da za su iya kaiwa hari, inda na kowa shine caterpillars da aphids. Duk da haka, wannan ba dalili ba ne na firgita, domin maganin yana cikin ƙara ƙasa mai diatomaceous, wanda ke guje wa waɗannan kwari yadda ya kamata.
Duniyar diatomaceous ta ƙunshi wani fili na ƙananan algae burbushin halittu wanda suke haɗa silica zuwa gare shi, don haka a zahiri ya zama mafi kyawun maganin kwari. Yawanci ana diluted gram 35 a kowace lita na ruwa. Wannan yana kashe kwarin saboda yana bushewa har sai ya mutu.
Viola cornuta cututtuka
Cututtukan da zasu iya kaiwa hari Viola masara, kawai bayyana ko zama ba bayan tsawan lokaci da maimaita shayarwa. Wanda duk da yake ba a saba ba, wadanda suka sha wahala sune:
- Alternariosis (blackhead, m, marigayi blight ko alternaria)
- cercospora
Waɗanda ake kamuwa da su ta hanyar naman gwari da ke haifar da ganyen shukar, tabo masu madauwari da sautin duhu, tsakanin launin ruwan kasa da baki. Kasancewa madaidaicin magani, yi amfani da fungicides waɗanda ke da fili mai tushen tagulla.
