Jinsi Gypsophila An wakilta ta a cikin yanayi ta wasu nau'ikan 335 daga Turai da Asiya. Kasancewa mafi sanannun nau'in Gypsophila paniculata, wanda akafi kira da Bridal Veil Plant. Yana da kyakkyawan shuka don amfani da kayan ado wanda aka bambanta da fararen furanninsa, wanda aka shirya a cikin nau'i mai ban sha'awa. Ina gayyatar ku ku sadu da ita.
Shuka mayafin Amarya
Wannan tsiron na asali na Turai da Asiya, mai tsiro ne kuma mai dorewa wanda aka noma shi don kyawun furannin furanni da ganye, a cikin masu furanni da lambuna. A cikin masu furen fure don haɓaka shirye-shiryen fure da furanni, ana kiranta da “girgije, mayafin amarya, gisófila”.
Sunan kimiyya shine Gysophila paniculata kuma yana cikin dangin Botanical Caryophyllaceae, a cikinta kusan nau'ikan 335 an rarraba su tare da jinsin Gysophila, kasancewar mafi sanannun nau'in. Gysophila paniculata. Ya yi fice don kamannin gangar jikin sa da ganyen sa da kyawawan inflorescencensa tare da ɗimbin ƙananan furanni farare waɗanda ke ba da kyan gani da sabo.
Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan nau'in G. paniculata An bayyana wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan guda goma sha biyu, tare da halayen kasancewar shukar shrub mai matsakaicin girman tsakanin mita 0,50 zuwa 1,20, ya danganta da nau'ikan. Ana nemansu sosai don cike ƙoƙon amarya saboda dogayen siraran santsi masu tsayi waɗanda ke ba da damar riƙe su da kuma inflorescences irin su panicle inda aka haifi ƙanana da kyawawan furannin furanni, har ma da ɗan ruwan hoda.
Bayanin Halitta
Ita ce tsiro mai girma kamar daji; tare da inflorescence na tseren tsere (tare da nau'ikan jinsi da yawa) waɗanda ke karɓar sunan panicle, a cikin waɗannan tseren suna girma ƙananan furanni pentapetalous, tsakanin 3 zuwa 10 millimeters a diamita; yana da lanceolate da glaucous game da tsawon santimita 7; madaidaiciya, babban tushe mai itace tare da rassan gefe; Babban tushensa yana da zurfi kuma tushen na biyu yana da tsayin mita 1 zuwa 2 kuma yana da diamita na milimita 3.
Furen ku
Furen furannin wannan shuka sun sanya shi ya zama mai nasara na ɗaya daga cikin sunansa na gama-gari na amarya, saboda suna girma a cikin inflorescence na tseren tsere, wanda yayi kama da bouquets, waɗannan ƙananan girma ne da launi daga fari zuwa kodan ruwan hoda dangane da iri-iri. . Single ko biyu furanni an lura dangane da iri-iri na G. paniculata.
Furen wannan shuka yana faruwa a lokacin bazara a cikin watannin Yuni zuwa Agusta. A lokacin yaduwarsa don haɓaka samar da furanni, haskensa yana ƙaruwa tare da fasahar photoperiod da haɓaka zafin jiki, samun nasarar samar da furanni a duk shekara.
Rarraba a yanayi
A cikin yanayi yana tsiro daji a sassan Gabashin Turai da Asiya ta Tsakiya, yana dacewa da ƙasa mai yashi-yashi da dutse mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano; yana girma da kyau a cikin ƙasa tare da ɗan acidic da limestone pH, halayyar da ke bambanta tsire-tsire na wannan nau'in da dalilin sunan jinsin. Gypsophila (wanda ke nuna kyakkyawar daidaitawa ga ƙasa mai dutse tare da babban kasancewar gypsum).
shuka taxonomy
Wannan tsiron yana cikin dangin Botanical Caryophyllaceae, nau'in jinsin Halittu ne Gypsophila, sunan kimiyyarsa ne Gypsophila paniculata, Carlo Linnaeus ya fara bayyana shi a cikin 1753, kuma an buga shi a cikin Species Plantarum 1: 407. 1753.67.
Synonym na shuka
Yawancin masana haraji sun bayyana samfurori na wannan shuka kuma sun sanya mata wasu sunaye na kimiyya, wanda a binciken da ya biyo baya ya canza shi zuwa sunan kimiyya na yanzu kuma saboda haka yana da ma'anar Synonymy.
- arrostia paniculata
- Gypsophila effusa Tausch
- Hungarian gypsophila Borbas
- Gypsophila manginii
- Gypsophila paniculata adenopoda Borbas tsohon Hallier
- Gypsophila parviflora Moench
- gypsophila tatarica
- Lychnis tsarin
- saponaria paniculata (L.) H. Neumayer
Amfani da shuka
Ko da yake rarraba dabi'arta yana cikin ƙasashen Gabashin Turai da Tsakiyar Asiya, an gabatar da shi ga wasu ƙasashe a matsayin shuka na ado don lambuna da masu fure. A Peru yana daya daga cikin tsire-tsire da ake samarwa da kuma fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje da ake nomawa don furanninta. Ana amfani da su don kayan ado na bikin aure, ta yin amfani da su a matsayin zane-zane na kayan ado na amarya da sauran shirye-shiryen fure.
Yanayin muhalli
- Tsire-tsire ne waɗanda ke girma da kyau a matsakaicin yanayin yanayi tsakanin 15 zuwa 17 ° C, suna daidaitawa da kyau zuwa wurare masu matsakaicin zafin jiki tsakanin 20 zuwa 25 ° C a rana da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na 10 zuwa 15 ° C da dare. Yana shiga cikin kwanciyar hankali lokacin da yanayin zafi ya ragu zuwa kusan 0 zuwa 2 ° C.
- Tsire-tsire masu suturar amarya suna girma sosai a wurare masu zafi tsakanin 60 zuwa 80%
- Domin shuka ce ta asali a wurare da ke cikin yanayin zafi inda ta yi fure a lokacin rani, a ilimin halittar jiki yana buƙatar tsawon kwanaki don fure. Neman tsakanin sa'o'i 12 zuwa 18 na hasken rana don ingantaccen samuwar furanni. Lokacin da yanayin zafi ke tsakanin 15 ° C da rana da 10 ° C da dare, samar da furanninsa yana ƙaruwa.
- Idan ana yada shi a cikin greenhouses, ya kamata a yi maganin photoperiod don haifar da furanni, sanya hasken wucin gadi sama da komai don haifar da fara furen tsire-tsire, saboda shine lokaci mafi mahimmanci dangane da yanayin haske da yanayin zafi. Nurserymen yawanci sanya ƙarin haske hours daga na uku ko na hudu mako bayan shuka.
- Shuke-shuke Gypsophila paniculata Yana son ƙasa mai ɗanɗano acidic tare da pH tsakanin 6,5 zuwa 7,5 tare da adadi mai yawa na ɓarna kwayoyin halitta. Ƙasa mai laushi mai laushi, mai zurfi kuma mai laushi, mai kyau. Su tsire-tsire ne masu kula da salinity.
Haihuwa da Yaduwa
Ana haifuwar waɗannan tsire-tsire ta hanyar jima'i ta hanyar yanke yanke mai girma tsakanin 7,5 zuwa 10 centimeters, wanda aka ɗauka daga uwar shuka, wanda ke da kusan nau'i-nau'i uku na ganye kuma ana sha lokacin da shuka ke tsiro. Wadannan cuttings ana shuka su a cikin yashi substrates sabõda haka, sun yi tushe, a wannan lokacin nebulized ban ruwa ana amfani da su kula da m dangi zafi.
Tsire-tsire suna da tushe a cikin kimanin kwanaki 23 zuwa 26, idan kuna son hanzarta tushen ciyayi, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da rooting hormones, kamar indole-butyric acid wanda aka sani da acronym IBA. Hakanan ana iya haifar da waɗannan tsire-tsire ta hanyar grafting.
An ba da shawarar don yaduwa ta hanyar grafting na waɗannan tsire-tsire, don samun tsire-tsire na uwa mai shekaru biyu. Gypsophila paniculata. Irin nau'in "Brstol Fairy ko Flamingo" yawanci ana yaduwa ta hanyar grafting, ana zabar kananan ciyayi na waɗannan tsire-tsire kuma a daka su a kan uwar shuka, ana ba da shawarar waɗannan ɓangarorin tsayin santimita 2,5, suna iya zama irin waɗannan nau'ikan ko wani iri. Don grafting an ba da shawarar sanya ƙasa da aka shirya.
Idan kuna yadawa ta hanyar grafting a cikin yanayi mai zafi, ana ba da shawarar yin aikin grafting a farkon lokacin bazara, ana iya yin garkuwa ko nau'in haushi. Idan yana ƙarƙashin yanayin greenhouse kuma ana amfani da tushen tushen tushen greenhouse, ana iya yin grafting a ƙarshen hunturu. Don inganta warkarwa, ana ba da shawarar sanya tsire-tsire a cikin ɗakin sanyi, musamman waɗanda aka dasa a lokacin rani. Hakanan ana yin yaduwa ta al'adun in vitro don tsire-tsire na nau'in Gypsophila paniculata.
sarrafa amfanin gona Gypsophila paniculata
Yana farawa tare da shirye-shiryen ƙasar shuka, tsaftace sauran shukar da ta gabata da ciyawa. Ana yin takin kafin shuka don samar da abinci mai gina jiki ga ƙasa wanda tsire-tsire za su yi amfani da su da zarar sun girma, takin zai dogara ne akan abin da aka nuna a cikin binciken ƙasa da aka yi a baya.
An gina su a cikin tsarin raye-raye ko dasa shuki daga kusan 0,9 zuwa faɗin mita ɗaya, tare da rabuwa tsakanin su 0,5 zuwa 0,6 m da tsayin mita 0,25. Sa'an nan kuma an sanya gungumen azaba ko yankan tsire-tsire a cikin trebolillo, tare da nisa tsakanin gungumen azaba na mita 0,4 tsakanin kowannensu.
Kusan makonni 7 ko 8 bayan shuka, tsire-tsire suna da tsayin kusan santimita 15 zuwa 20, an gyara shuke-shuke, wannan yanke ne a kololuwar tushe na tsawon santimita 2-3, don haɓaka gefen girma. Ana aiwatar da trimming tsakanin makonni 2 zuwa 3 na topping, wannan ya ƙunshi kawar da harbe-harbe na bakin ciki na na biyu da na sakandare, don ƙarfafa mafi ƙarfi mai tushe ga haɓakar rassan.
Don tabbatar da cewa tsire-tsire suna da madaidaiciya mai tushe, ana sanya masu koyarwa, don wannan suna sanya raga a kusa da tsire-tsire don jagorantar ci gaban su a tsaye. Ana amfani da maganin Hormonal tare da gibberalin a kan wannan shuka don tsawanta mai tushe, ana yin wannan maganin lokacin da wardi yana da ganye kusan 20 kuma akan yankan harbe wanda ya kai santimita 3.
Ana yin pruning na shuka don tada sabon fure, ana yin wannan bayan girbi na furanni. Ana yin hadi kusan a duk tsawon lokacin girma, daga mako na biyu na dasa shuki har zuwa lokacin buɗe furanni. Ana shayar da shukar ta hanyar drip, saboda shuka ce mai kula da ƙasa da ambaliya.
Annoba da Cututtukan da suka shafe ta
Wadannan tsire-tsire suna da saukin kamuwa da kwari yayin da ba a aiwatar da ayyukan noma yadda ya kamata, kamar shirye-shiryen ƙasa don kawar da kwari, sauran ciyawa, ƙarancin ƙasa, da sauransu. Kwarin da ke shafar waɗannan tsire-tsire masu suturar amarya an jera su a ƙasa.
Karin kwari
- ma'adinin ganye (Liriomyza trifolii)
- Farin tashi (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)
- Airworms (Heliothis armigueras, Spodoptera) da sauransu
- Ja gizo-gizo (Tetranychus urticae)
- Tafiya (Frankliniella occidentalis)
- Aphids
Cututtuka
Ana haifar da su ta hanyar fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke faruwa saboda rashin halayen al'adu, mummunan yanayi, cututtuka na kwari irin su aphids wadanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar, yawan zafin jiki da zafi, da sauransu. Cututtukan da zasu iya faruwa an jera su:
- Rhizoctonia Solani
- Oidium (erysiphae)
- Phytophthora
- Pythium aphanadermatum y Pythium ilimun
- fusarium
- erwinia herbicola
Idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da tsirrai, Ina gayyatar ku ku karanta kuma.