Jafananci Maple (maple palmatum), ƙaramin bishiya ce ɗan ƙasar Japan da Koriya ta Kudu. A duk lokacin da rabonsa ke yaduwa don noma shi a kasashe daban-daban na yankuna masu zafi na duniya. An yi aiki da wannan bishiyar tare da fasahar Bonsai tsawon ƙarni. Ina gayyatar ku don sanin halayensa da sarrafa shi don sanin abin da ya sa ta zama bishiyar da ake buƙata.
Jafananci Maple
Wannan bishiyar Asiya ana kiranta da sunan "Maple Jafananci, oiroha kaede (a cikin Jafananci) ko Polymorph Maple", masana ilmin halitta sun gano shi da sunan kimiyya. maple palmatum Nasa ne na dangin Botanical Sapindaceae (tsohon Aceraceae). Itace karamar bishiya ce mai tsayin mita 10 mai ganyaye masu tsiro, wacce ke tsirowa da kyau a wuraren da aka yi inuwa.
Etymologically, kalmar Latin Maple yana nufin "kaifi" kuma yana da nasaba da yanayin halittar ganyen sa. Har ila yau, saboda bisa ga shaharar al'adun kasar Sin a zamanin da, an yi amfani da gangar jikinsa wajen yin mashi. Masu sha'awar sa suna jira lokacin kaka don tattara samaras ('ya'yan fuka-fuki), waɗanda ke hamayya da kyawawan furanninta.
Jinsi Maple Tana da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan rarraba ana rarraba su ne a Gabashin Asiya, tsakanin Japan da Sin da sauran su tsakanin Amurka da 'yan kasashen Turai masu zafi. Daga cikin sauran nau'in jinsin Maple an kwatanta nau'in. kasar maple, Maple glabrum, Maple japonicum, Maple griseum, Maple oblocum, Maple cirinatum da kuma baki maple, da sauransu.
Ayyukan
Jafananci Maple (maple palmatum), bishiya ce mai girma tsakanin mita 6 zuwa 10 kuma wasu samfurori har tsayin su ya kai mita 16. Ganyensa suna auna 4 da faɗin santimita 10 kuma tsayin su da siffar dabino, yana da lobes 9 suna ƙarewa da maki. A lokacin kaka, ganyen sa suna yin ja ko shuɗi a kwanaki kafin waɗannan ganyayen ya faɗi. Itaciya ce ta yanayin yanayi, tana tsayayya da matsakaicin yanayin zafi na 30 ° C kuma mafi ƙarancin har zuwa -18 ° C.
Ita ce karamar bishiya wacce take da rassa da dama kusa da kasa, yayin da take girma, a lokacin samartaka tana da siffar dala kuma tuni a lokacin balagagge ta sami siffar kubba ko kubba. Yana nuna hali a matsayin tsire-tsire masu girma wanda ke tsiro a cikin ƙasa. Abin sha'awar wannan bishiyar shine ganyayenta masu ja-ja-ja-ja-ja-ja, suna bayyana a lokacin bazara, waɗanda suke suma a lokacin rani kuma su zama ja-ja-jaja masu haske a lokacin kaka.
Inflorescencensa shine nau'in sama, wannan yana nufin cewa ƙarshen furen furen fure shine farkon buɗewa, yayin da sauran furanni suna girma a gefe. Furancinsa farare ne pentapetals. Furen sa waɗanda ke girma a cikin inflorescence irin na kololuwa, suna da sepals ja-purple 5, farar fata 5, masu fuka-fukai, busassun, 'ya'yan itacen capsular disamara mara kyau, kowane tsayin 2 zuwa 3 centimeters, tsaba 6 zuwa 8 millimeters.
Furen furanni suna farawa a cikin lokacin bazara, wannan yana ba da damar nau'ikan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu fuka-fuka ko disamara su fara tarwatsewa a lokacin bazara. Lokaci ne lokacin da masu noman sa ke zuwa tattara irin Maple na Jafananci don haifuwa. Don yada Maple na Jafananci, dole ne su daidaita tsaba.
gane sassan
A cikin dabi'a, wannan nau'in yana nuna bambance-bambancen jinsin da yawa, daga tsire-tsire na iyaye ɗaya zai iya nuna halaye daban-daban a girman, siffar ganye da launi. Inganta da yawa cultivars na wanda kawai tallace-tallace uku ne suka gane yadda suka zo daga jinsin Palmatum Maple, wanda aka rarraba a cikin nahiyar Asiya, tare da wasu ƙananan bambance-bambancen ilimin halittar jiki wanda ke haifar da rarraba su a matsayin nau'i-nau'i.
- Maple palmatum subsp. Matsumurae: wannan nau'in nau'in yana da mafi girma ga ganye, yana auna 9 zuwa 12 cm fadi, tare da 5 ko 9 lobes tare da gefuna biyu. Yana tsiro a Japan, a cikin manyan tuddai.
- Maple palmatum subsp. Palmatum: ganyen wannan nau'in sun fi ƙanƙanta, faɗin 4 zuwa 7 cm, tare da lobes 5 zuwa 7 da tazarar serrate biyu. Tsawon fuka-fuki na tsaba shine 10-15 millimeters. Tana zaune a ƙananan tudu, a tsakiya da kudancin Japan ban da Hpkkaido.
- Acer palmatum subsp. ameeen: yana da nisa daga 6 zuwa 10 cm, tare da lobes 7 zuwa 9 da sassauƙan keɓaɓɓun tatsuniyoyi. Its tsaba suna da fuka-fuki tsakanin 20 zuwa 25 santimita. Yana zaune a cikin mafi tsayin yankuna na Japan da Koriya ta Kudu.
Noman wannan bishiyar
Wannan bishiyar tana dacewa da kyau a cikin dukkan ƙasashe masu zafi na duniyar da aka girma. Kasar Japan, daya daga cikin kasashen da ta samo asali, an noma shi tsawon shekaru aru-aru. Ita ce shuka da aka kai zuwa wasu ƙasashe tun daga karni na XNUMX, tun daga lokacin akwai ciyayi masu yawa da aka yi ciniki da su a cikin aikin lambu na nahiyar Turai da Arewacin Amurka. Maples na Jafananci masu launin ja sune aka fi nomawa, da kuma masu ganyen kore. Ana amfani da shi sosai don yin bonsai.
da cultivars
Maple cultivars na Jafananci ba duk suna girma a Yammacin Yammacin Turai ba kuma wasu ma sun ɓace. Bukatar wannan bishiyar ta masu aikin lambu suna haifar da samar da sabbin ciyayi kowace shekara goma. An zaɓi waɗannan don abubuwan phenotypic kamar siffar ganye da girmansu, ko dai zurfi ko ƙananan lobes, kazalika da dabino. Launi na ganye, rubutu da launi na haushi da girman.
Sakamakon giciyensu, wasu ciyayi sun fi girma da ƙarfi fiye da nau'in su kansu. Yawancin shrubs ne waɗanda ba su wuce mita 5 a tsayi ba. Sauran ciyawar da suka fi kula da wasu yanayin muhalli tsayin su ne kawai mita 3 kuma ana shuka su a cikin tukwane. Wasu ciyayi maras kyau ko dwarfs na iya girma daga tsire-tsire da aka canza, tsintsiyar mayu, ko zaɓaɓɓu na wucin gadi bayan tsararraki masu yawa.
Ya zuwa yau, akwai nau'ikan iri 1000 na Maple na Jafananci, waɗanda, kasancewarsu hybrids, suna haifuwa ta hanyar jima'i kawai ta hanyar grafting, dabarar haifuwa wacce ke ba da damar bishiyoyi masu saurin girma tare da wasu halaye. Zaɓin cultivars da masana ke yi yana da sharuɗɗa da wasu halaye na dabi'a kamar: launin ganye, girmansu, girman da ya kai, da sauransu.
Amfanin haifuwar tsire-tsire ta hanyar dasawa game da tsire-tsire ta iri, shine cewa Maple Jafan da aka daskare duk wanda ya samu zai sami bishiyar mita 5. Wadannan cultivars sun samo asali ne daga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, mai yiwuwa an zaɓe su na ƙarni da yawa. Yawancin su suna gabatar da nasu halaye a cikin yanayi daban-daban; zama wadannan: bambance-bambance a cikin launi na ganye, gangar jikin haushi ya fi haske ko ƙasa da haske. Wannan zai iya zama matsala, tun da cultivar na iya samun sunaye da yawa.
Wasu misalai na cultivars
Saboda akwai nau'o'in iri iri-iri, yana da wuya a lissafta manyan nau'o'in maple na Japan, a ƙasa akwai nau'o'in cultivars waɗanda suke da sauƙin samuwa a cikin gandun daji.
- Aka shigitatsu sawa: shuka da farar ganyen ruwan hoda mai koren jijiyoyi
- Low Ao: Dwarf shrub tare da tagulla-kore kore foliage
- Atropurpureum: shine, ɗayan mafi sanannun. Yana da zurfin ganye ja a duk shekara.
- Bloodgood: shine ingantacciyar ciyawar Atropurpureum. Ya fi juriya ga yanayin zafi.
- Butterfly: Ganyensa suna da fararen gefuna.
- Deshojo: Ganyen wannan ciyawar suna da laushi da ja mai haske.
- Dissectum: Ganyensa suna da siffa kamar allura.
- Tafkin Zinare: Shuka tare da ganyen rani mai launin rawaya-kore
- Goshiki koto hime: Daban-daban iri-iri, tare da ganyen dwarf iri-iri
- Higasa yama: Shuka tare da lanƙwasa ganye, masu bambanta da rawaya
- Hupp's Dwarf: Ƙananan, shrub mai girma tare da ƙananan ganye
- Issai nishiki kawazu: mai kauri sosai, mai kauri
- Kagiri nishiki: kama da 'Butterfly' amma ƙarin inuwar ruwan hoda
- Karasu gawa: Itace mai girma a hankali, mai ban sha'awa da ruwan hoda mai haske da fari
- Katsura: Ganyen rawaya da kore, masu dige da lemu.
- Koto no ito: ganyen kore mai haske, ganyen zare
- Ƙaramar Gimbiya: Ƙananan bishiya (ba ta wuce 2m ba), tare da girman da ba daidai ba.
- Mama: Dwarf bushy shuka tare da madaidaicin ganye
- Masu murasaki: – karamar bishiya mai ganyen shuni
- Mizu kuguri: sabon girma tare da tabo orange, al'ada mai fadi sosai
- Nishiki gawa: ƙananan bishiya mai kama da pine, kyawawa don bonsai
- Nomura nishiki: Baƙar fata shunayya, ganye mai nuni
- Osakazuki: Wannan ciyawar itace ƙaramar bishiya ce wacce ke juya inuwa mai ban sha'awa ta ja a cikin fall.
- Peaches da Cream: Itace mai kama da 'Aka shigitatsu sawa'
- Pink Filigree: finely dissected cultivars, ruwan hoda ganye ganye
- Lace Red Filigree: Cultivar m, finely dissected, purple-black
- Sango Kaku: Itace kyakkyawa ce mai launin ja ko ruwan hoda a kaka.
- Seiryu: Bishiyoyi ne masu tsinkayar ganyaye, kalar ruwan lemo-ja a cikin kaka.
- Shikage ori nishiki: shrub mai siffar kofi tare da foliage shunayya
- Skeeter's Broom: wanda ya samo asali daga 'Bloodgood' "sharar mayya"
- Tamukeyama: Cultivar finely dissected, purple purple, waterfall al'ada
- Tropenburg: siriri bishiya, madaidaiciya girma, convex lobed, m ganye
- Tsuma gaki: Cultivar mai launin rawaya mai gefuna tare da ja mai shuɗi.
- Uki gumo: fitaccen, fari mai ban sha'awa
- Waka momiji: wani "coral bawon maple"
- Yuba e': bishiya madaidaiciya mai launin ja
bishiyar jajayen ganye, atropurpureum y Jin jini
Baya ga ciyawar da aka lissafa a sama, an zaɓi ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na ciyayi na tsawon lokaci kuma an aiwatar da shuka su. Suna da wuya a iya bambanta su, tun da yawancin su suna ba su sunaye iri ɗaya da na cultivars, ko ma ana yada su ta hanyar grafting. Musamman, ana ba da taswirar japan ja-jafan iri-iri a ƙarƙashin sunayen "Atropurpureum" da "Bloodgood." Har ila yau, ana sayar da nau'o'in maple da yawa waɗanda ke da ƙananan ribbon foliage a ƙarƙashin sunaye kamar "Dissectum," "Filigree," "Laceleaf"
Sauran nau'in jinsin Arce
Sunan gama gari "Maple na Japan" ana amfani da shi azaman sunan gama gari kuma ga sauran nau'in bishiyar halittar Maple, saboda kamanceceniyar waɗannan mutane da kuma waɗanda suma suka samo asali daga Japan, Koriya da China, sune:
- maple duplicatoserratum (ba. a. palmatum var. pubescens Li)
- japonicum maple Thunb.- dwarf Jafananci maple
- maple pseudosieboldianum - Koriya maple
- shirasawanum maple Koidz.- cikakken wata maple
- sieboldianum maple Miq.- Siebold Maple
Jinsunan jinsi daya ne Maple wadanda ke da bambance-bambancen ilimin halittar jiki da na genotypic, duk da haka, wannan bai hana su ketare su ta hanyar masu aikin lambu ba, suna samun nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri. Haka kuma, a cikin mutum nurseries na nau'in maple palmatum, ana amfani dashi azaman shukar uwa ga sauran nau'ikan.
Rarraba Taxonomic
Nau'in maple palmatum, Carl Peter Thunberg ya bayyana shi kuma an buga shi a cikin 1784 a cikin Tsarin Kayan lambu. Bugu na sha hudu 911. 1784.
Etymology na sunansa
Etymology shine kimiyyar da ke nazarin asalin kalmomi, wannan batu na kalmomin da suka bayyana shuka kuma aka yi amfani da su don sunan kimiyya na wannan bishiyar.
Halin "Maple" kalma ce daga Latin ǎcěr, -ĕris, wanda ke fassara a matsayin "kaifi" an sanya shi a kan wannan shuka don komawa zuwa saman ganyensa ko taurin itacen da yake da shi, wanda a lokacin da A bayyane yake a zamanin da. sau da yawa ana amfani da shi don yin mashi. A cewar Pliny the Elder, a cikin karni na XNUMX/XNUMX, lokacin da yake magana akan sauran nau'in wannan nau'in. An ƙayyade nau'in wannan shuka tare da kalmar Latin palmatum, wanda ke nufin "kamar dabino", wanda aka sanya shi da siffar ganyen wannan bishiyar.
Nau'ikan Karɓa
- maple palmatum kari ameeen (Carrière) H. Hara
- maple palmatum f. latilobatum (Koidz.) Ohwi
- maple palmatum kari matsumurae Koidz.
Kalma ɗaya
- amoenum maple aiki
- bazuwar maple tsoma
- dissectum maple Thunb.
- maple form aiki
- maple friederici-guillelmii Carr
- incisum maple tsoma
- jucudum maple aiki
- ado maple aiki
- pinnatifidum maple tsoma
- maple polymorphum Siebold & Zuc.
- foda maple tsoma
- maple ribesifolium tsoma
- maple roseomarginatum (VanHoutte) Koidz.
- maple jini aiki
- maple jini ya. ameeen (Carriere) Koidz
- Septemlobum Maple Thunb.
- sessilifolium maple Siebold & Zuc
- sessilifolium negundo Na Q
Gudanar da amfanin gonar ku
Itacen maple na Japan (maple palmatum) yana girma da kyau a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi tare da magudanar ruwa mai kyau, an haife shi a cikin gandun daji, mafi girma bishiyoyi a cikin gandun daji suna kare shi daga samun hasken rana kai tsaye. Don haka sai a shuka shi a cikin gida inda hasken rana ya riske shi a fakaice, don gudun lalata ganyensa.
Ita ce tsiro da ke buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai, ba tare da ambaliya ƙasa da zafi na muhalli ba, don haka dole ne a fesa ruwa akan ganyen sa. A lokacin hunturu, dole ne a kiyaye shi daga sanyi a yanayin zafi na -10 ° C. Don cire matattun rassan da kiyaye siffar su, ana ba da shawarar a datse a ƙarshe
Gyaran tukunya
Kula da Maple na Jafananci a cikin tukunya, dole ne ya samar da shuka tare da albarkatun yanayi, gwargwadon bukatunta don haɓakawa da girma da kyau. Idan an girma a cikin tukunya, matsakaicin al'ada ko substrate dole ne ya sami magudanar ruwa mai kyau, tare da acid pH, tsakanin 4 da 6. Za a iya sanya yumbu mai fadi a kai, wanda ke taimakawa wajen acidify ƙasa kuma aerate don kyakkyawan ci gabanta. Tushen kuma yana sha da kyau. Ruwan ƙasa.
Ana ba da shawarar shayarwa akai-akai, tunda shuka ce da ke tsiro a dabi'a a cikin dazuzzukan dazuzzuka na yankuna masu zafi. Ruwan ban ruwa kuma dole ne ya zama acidic, don haka ana ba da shawarar a sanya ruwan acid kamar haka: ƙara ruwan 'ya'yan itace na rabin lemun tsami a cikin lita na ruwa. Hakanan zaka iya ban ruwa da ruwan sama sau 3 ko 4 a mako, har ma fiye da haka a lokacin bazara.
Shuka itacen maple na Japan, a wurin da wannan bishiyar zata sami inuwa da hasken rana kai tsaye. Wasu cultivars irin su Seiryu da Osakazuki, suna tsayayya da 'yan sa'o'i na haske kai tsaye, ana ba da shawarar sanya samfurin ku a wuri mai haske da iska, amma a cikin gida don kada hasken rana ya isa ga ganye, saboda zai iya ƙone su.
Lokacin girma a cikin tukunya, ana ba da shawarar dasa wannan bishiyar daga maple palmatum, kowace shekara biyu a lokacin bazara, kafin furenta. Idan bazara ya ƙare kuma ba ku dasa shi ba, za ku iya yin shi a cikin fall, lokacin da ganye ya canza. Dashen wadannan bishiyun dole ne a yi shi da zarar itace babba, bayan watanni 36.
Wadannan itatuwan tukwane suna bukatar sake dasa su idan sun kai shekara biyu sannan a duk shekara, musamman idan kasar gona tana da yawa sosai ko kuma tana wurin da yanayi mai kyau na maple, ya ba da shawarar a yi shi a tukunyar da ta fi girma da ya kai santimita 4. .inda aka shuka shi.
Kula a cikin sarari na waje
Ana ba da shawarar dasa shi a wuraren da ƙasa mai acidic, wato, tare da pH tsakanin 4 zuwa 6. Idan akwai ƙasa mai limestone, dole ne a ƙara ganyen Pine ko baƙin ƙarfe sulfate, don taimakawa acidify (ƙananan pH dabi'u) kuma cimma nasara. pH 4 zuwa 6 a cikin ƙasa inda aka dasa shi.
Ruwa ya zama akai-akai, zai fi dacewa sau 2 zuwa 3 a mako har ma sau 4 a mako a lokacin bazara.
Lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin lambu dole ne a sanya shi a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi mafi tsayi a cikin lambun kamar yadda irin wannan bishiyar ke girma a yanayi. Hakanan yana iya kasancewa kusa da bango mai tsayi don kare shi daga hasken rana.
Don dasa shi zuwa gonar, ana ba da shawarar yin shi a lokacin bazara, yayin da sabbin ganye ba sa tsiro. Lokacin da za ku dasa shi, zaɓi wurin lambun da ke da inuwa da isasshen sarari don haɓakar maple ɗin ku na Japan. An buɗe rami mai kimanin santimita 60 a diamita da zurfin santimita 60. Sanya itacen da ya riga ya wuce shekaru 2, cika shi da ƙasa mai baƙar fata wanda ke da pH acidic, da kuma ƙasa da kuka fitar daga cikin rami ko rami.
Maganin lafiyar jiki
Ana amfani da datsa don sarrafa girman rassan bishiyar, cire rassan da suka lalace ko marasa lafiya. Akwai wasu ciyayi masu tsayi da tsayi har ma fiye da yadda ake tsammani ko ake so, yana da kyau a datse shi don kiyaye shi. Idan kuna da Maple Bonsai na Jafananci, kuna buƙatar koyon yadda ake datse shi zuwa buƙatun ƙaramin bishiyar manya.
Ana ba da shawarar itatuwan da aka yi da Jafananci su datse a lokacin kaka ko lokacin hunturu, lokacin da bishiyar ke cikin matakin ciyayi, lokacin da ake dasa ana ba da shawarar yanke rassan da ke tsaka da juna; wadanda suka girma sosai; yin aiki a matsayin jagora, wanda za a yanke don ɗaukar itacen don cire ƙananan rassan; da waɗancan rassan masu rauni ko marasa lafiya.
shafi na gina jiki
Dole ne a haxa waɗannan bishiyoyi tare da taki don ƙasa acid bisa ga shawarwarin samfurin, ana amfani da shi 50 centimeters daga shuka a kusa da kambin bishiyar, tare da nufin kada ya ƙone. Yawan takin zamani ya dogara da buƙatun shuka, yanayin ƙasa (yi nazarin sinadarai na ƙasa) da lokacin shekara. Lokacin da kuke takin ƙasa dole ne ya zama ɗanɗano.
Kula da kwari da cututtuka
Itaciya ce mai juriya ga yanayin muhalli, yanayin da ke sa ta jure wa cututtuka da kwari. Duk da haka, yana kula da kwari irin su mealybugs na auduga, jajayen gizo-gizo ko aphids, lokacin da yanayin ya bushe sosai. Dangane da cututtukan fungal, ana iya cutar da shi ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta Phytophthora.
Yadda za a sarrafa harin kowane daga cikin wadannan kwari ko fungi?
Ko da yake yana buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai, ƙasa ba dole ba ne ta cika ruwa. Don sarrafa wannan, ana saka sandar katako a cikin tukunyar ko cikin ƙasa don kiyaye damshin ƙasa. Idan ƙasa ko ƙasa ta bushe, sandar za ta fito kusan da tsabta, wannan yana nuna cewa ƙasa ta bushe. Idan haka ne, dole ne a shayar da shi, ba tare da ambaliya ƙasa ba.
Samar da zafi ga muhalli. Don ƙara zafi na yanayi, ana ba da shawarar sanya gilashin ruwa da yawa a kusa da shuka. Ba a ba da shawarar yin feshi ba don hana hasken rana kona ruwan da ke gangarowa a cikin ganyen sa idan hasken rana ya yi yawa kuma daga can za a iya kai wa ga cutar fungal.
Ana ba da shawarar rigakafin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su nettle purin ko Neem man, wanda za'a iya saya a shagunan lambu. Hakanan ana iya shirya maganin kashe kwari a gida a matsayin jiko tare da cloves na tafarnuwa, a tace shi kuma a fesa shuka da safe.
Haihuwa da Yaduwa
Yaduwar itacen Palmatum Maple, Yana iya zama ta hanyar jima'i da haihuwa. Ana yin haifuwar jima'i ta hanyar scarification na 'ya'yan itatuwa don tattara tsaba. Hanya daya don yin haka ita ce a nutsar da tsaba a cikin ruwan zafi a zafin jiki na 43 ° C kuma a bar su a nutse na tsawon kwanaki biyu ko 48. Bayan wannan lokaci, ana cire tsaba a shuka a cikin ƙasa kai tsaye, ana ba da shawarar shayarwa bayan kwana uku, don guje wa lalata tushen. Haihuwa ta hanyar jima'i baya tabbatar da tsire-tsire masu iri ɗaya da juna, amma daidaikun mutane waɗanda suka bambanta da juna.
Idan kana so ka adana phenotype da genotype na mutum na maple palmatum, musamman, dole ne ya haifuwa ta hanyar jima'i. Domin mutanen da aka samu sune clones na uwar shuka.
Sake haifuwa ta tsaba
tsaba na maple palmatum Ana tattara su a cikin lokacin kaka, kuma a sanya su a cikin firiji na tsawon watanni uku, a zazzabi tsakanin 6-7 ° C, saboda don shuka tsaba dole ne su ciyar da lokaci a yanayin zafi kadan kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayi. Da zarar kun tattara su, kunsa su a cikin akwati na filastik mai haske tare da vermiculite, don rufe shi da bakin ciki na vermiculite. Ana danƙa su kaɗan kuma ana ƙara ɗan ƙaramin sulfur ko jan karfe a matsayin maganin fungicides ga tsaba kuma yana hana yaduwar fungi.
Kamar yadda za ku adana na tsawon watanni uku, ana ba da shawarar cire kwandon daga firiji kuma ku buɗe shi sau ɗaya a mako don sake sabunta iska. Bayan watanni uku ana iya dasa su a cikin tukunya. Tsarin dasa shuki ko ƙasa dole ne ya sami pH na acidic (tsakanin 4 zuwa 6) kuma idan duk yayi kyau za su shuɗe a cikin kusan watanni biyu.
Sake haifuwa ta hanyar yanka
Wannan hanyar haifuwa tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauri kuma mafi inganci. An yanke yankan maple na Jafananci ko yankan, reshe na matasa tare da diamita tsakanin 2 zuwa 4 santimita kuma tsayin tsakanin 40 zuwa 50 santimita an yanke, an yanke rassan rassan don shirya yanka ko yankan a cikin bazara. Don yin tushen su da sauri, ana ba da shawarar a zubar da ruwa tare da hormones zuwa tushen. Sa'an nan kuma ana sanya gungumen a cikin tukunya tare da ƙasa mai laushi ko ƙasa, da kuma cewa kuna dan danshi. A cikin watanni 5 zuwa 6 zai fara fitar da saiwoyin.
Sake kunnawa ta hanyar yin layi
Wata hanyar haifuwa ita ce shimfidar iska, don yin shimfidar iska, sai a yanke bawon kamar santimita 10 a faɗi, a sa jaka, a jika shi da ruwa sannan a sa shi da rooting hormones. Sai ki sa jakar ki daura a gefe daya na reshen, ki cika shi da ciyawar da ta dace da tsiron da ke tsiro a cikin kasa acid, sai ki jika shi sannan ki daure shi zuwa wancan gefen.
Dole ne a kiyaye ƙasa da ɗanɗano, ana iya yin wannan tare da injector sau 3 zuwa 4 a mako. A cikin lokaci tsakanin watanni 5 zuwa 6 tushen zai fito.
Sake haifuwa ta hanyar dasawa
Kwararru a fannin noma ne ke yin aikin damfara. Ana yin haka kamar haka: An zaɓi shukar uwa, shukar ƙirar ko tushen tushen. Wannan tsire-tsire ne wanda za a sanya reshen wani maple na Japan, an yanke mai zurfi zuwa tushe a lokacin bazara.
Sa'an nan kuma, an yanke reshe na katako (wannan zai zama dasa) kuma a saka shi a cikin tushen tushen, shukar uwa ko shukar tsari.
Don gamawa, an haɗa shi da kyau tare da tef ɗin manne don yin grafts. Idan dashen da aka yi da kyau, tsakanin watanni 2 zuwa 4 bayan dashen, ganyen zai toho. Yayin da ake dasa ganyen shukar uwa ko tushen sa, ta yadda za a iya amfani da sinadarai ta hanyar dasa.
Amfani da Maple na Japan
A cikin ƙasashe masu zafi ana iya ganin samfuran manya na Maple na Jafananci, tare da tsayin santimita 50, saboda shine nau'in da aka fi amfani dashi a cikin fasahar Bonsai. Yawancin itatuwan Maple na Japan ne, waɗanda ke ƙawata gidaje da sauran wurare na ciki. Dabarar Bonsai wata al'ada ce ta aikin lambu wacce ta samo asali daga haikalin Taoist na kasar Sin, masu sana'ar noma da suke yin ta suna la'akari da cewa ta hanyar yinsa ana iya danganta sama da kasa, da haifar da dawwama.
An gabatar da wannan al'adar kayan lambu shekaru 800 da suka gabata a Japan. Ma’anar “bon” tana nufin tire, kuma “sái” tana nufin yanayi. Kasancewar bishiyar jinkirin girma ya sa ya zama shuka mai kyau, don amfani da fasahar bonsai.
El maple palmatum, wani shuka ne na ado, wanda aka dasa a cikin lambuna (wanda ke kare shi daga rana), tukwane a matsayin tsire-tsire na cikin gida ko a cikin bonsai, tun lokacin da aka fara fitar da shi a cikin karni na XNUMX daga Japan. An halicce ta a cikin ƙasashe masu matsanancin yanayi, a Asiya, Turai, Amurka da sauran sassan yankuna masu zafi.
Ina gayyatar ku don karanta game da yanayi mai ban mamaki a cikin wadannan posts: