Ngokubhekiselele kwisilwanyana ngasinye kwiplanethi, ukufumana iqabane lokuzala kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima, kwimeko yeentaka, yonke inkqubo yokuzala okanye ukuthandana kunokuba lukhuphiswano olusondeleyo phakathi kwazo zonke ezi; ngoko ke, phakathi kwezi zilwanyana kukho iintlobo ezininzi kakhulu ezahlukeneyo zokubonisa nuptial ukuba basebenzisa xa ukuthandana amaqabane abo. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuVeliswa kweeNtaka, ungalibazisi okomzuzwana ukuqhubeka ufunda eli nqaku libalaseleyo.
Ukuzala kweentaka
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, kwiintaka le nkqubo inokuba ngokwenene lukhuphiswano olusondeleyo phakathi kwabo, kwaye ukoyisa amaqabane abo ezi ntaka zenza iinqwelomoya ezikhethekileyo ezahlukeneyo, zibonisa iintsiba zazo ngemibala engaqhelekanga, okanye zenze iingoma ezahlukeneyo ezinesandi esimnandi; umzekelo omhle woku ziintaka zeparadesi, ezinezona zithethe zokukhwelana ezicokisekileyo kuyo nayiphi na intaka. Ezi zithethe zenzeka ikakhulu phakathi kweenkunzi, iintaka ezithi ukongezelela kumbala wazo omhle nongaqhelekanga, nazo zinemihombiso eyahlukeneyo ukuze zithimbe ingqalelo engakumbi yeemazi zize zizalane.
Kamva kwakweli nqaku linye uya kukwazi ukujonga ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi zonke iimpawu ezibhekiselele kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuzala kweentaka. Uya kukwazi ukufunda zonke iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ziinkunzi zeentaka ukubamba ingqalelo yeemazi kunye nokulawula ukukhwelana, oku ukusuka ekwakhiweni kweendlwane ezihonjiswe kakuhle kakhulu, umboniso weentsiba zazo ezintle ezihonjisiweyo, ukwenziwa kweentlobo ezithile. yemidaniso yokubonisa ezona ntsiba ziqaqambileyo abanazo, kwaye bade bahombise kunye/okanye bacoce imimandla eyahlukeneyo yomhlaba ukutsala iimazi.
Zikhwelana njani iintaka?
ukuthandana kwiintaka
Ngoku, ngokukodwa malunga nendlela iintaka ezikhwelana ngayo, iinkunzi zineendlela ezingapheliyo zokutsala ingqalelo yeemazi. Ezona ndlela zisetyenziswayo luninzi lweentlobo zeentaka zezi zilandelayo:
- Impilo
- Umsila
- iintsiba
- Zihombise kwaye zicoceke
- Isakhiwo sendlwane esicekethekileyo
- Imidaniso ethile eyahlukileyo
Iintsiba zokujola kweentaka
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, enye yezinto ezibonakalayo nezenza iintaka zibe nomtsalane yimibala yazo emihle nenomtsalane nazo zonke iintlobo zazo. Enyanisweni, iintsiba zeentaka ziyi-evolutionary advance, kwaye ngendlela efanayo nezikali zezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, iintsiba zazo zonke iintaka zenza umaleko okhusela ngokugqibeleleyo ukushisa, ezi ntsiba zibaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi kuyo yonke loo misebenzi. kufuna isuntswana lemetabolism, njengokubhabha.
Kanti, ezi ntsiba zikwakhusela iintaka kumanzi emvula nakuyo yonke imisebe yelanga ezichanabeka kuyo. Kwanakwezinye izidalwa ezininzi, iintsiba zinokusetyenziselwa imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo okanye imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo, enjengokuvelisa izandi ezithile, ukulawula ukunyakazela kweentaka zaselwandle, ukwanda kweendlebe, ukuthutha amanzi amancinane, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo.
Ngendlela efanayo, iintsiba zeentaka zizona zinoxanduva lombala, imilo kunye nawo wonke umzobo weentaka, zikwafumana umsebenzi obalulekileyo kunxibelelwano phakathi kwe-conspecifics, oko kukuthi, abantu bohlobo olufanayo, kuba nabo sebenzela ukubonisa ngokusesikweni umgangatho womntu kwaye ngaloo ndlela utsale amaqabane awohlukeneyo ukuba avelise kwakhona ngokuthandana.
Umsila ekudibaneni kweeNtaka
Kwiintlobo ezininzi zeentlobo zeentaka, iintsiba ezinde kakhulu zomsila okanye iintsiba zentloko zongeza ubutyebi kunye nomtsalane kuzo zonke iintsiba zazo. Zonke ezi milo zahlukeneyo zithandeka kakhulu amadoda xa kufikwa ekufuneni iimazi, kodwa ngelishwa, ukuba nemibala emihle kakhulu nenomtsalane kuza kwiindleko: ezi ntsiba zinde, ezinemibala eqaqambileyo zinokutsala lula kakhulu amadoda. kwiimeko ezininzi, kunokuba nzima kakhulu kubo ukubaleka kubo. Kuzo zonke ezi zinto kufuneka zibandakanye iindleko zamandla kuyo yonke imveliso yayo kunye nokugcinwa kwayo ngokufanelekileyo.
Omnye weyona mizekelo ilungileyo yile ngumsila omde kunye nomkhulu wepikoko, okanye ngokwesayensi owaziwa ngokuba yiPavo cristatus. Ezi ntaka zinkulu kwaye zizodwa zinomsila omde kakhulu kunye nokwandiswa okukhulu kunomzimba wazo wonke, nangona kunjalo, oku ngokucacileyo kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukubhabha ngenxa yobunzima bomsila kunye nomzimba kunye.
Ngaphandle koku, ubude obukhulu bomsila wepikoko kunye nenani elikhulu lemizobo emile okweliso, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ocelli, inxulumene ngokusondeleyo neminyaka yaloo pikoko. Ke ngoko, umsila ngowona mqondiso weminyaka yolu hlobo lweentaka kunye nawo onke amava abanawo. Kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, iimazi zolu hlobo zivame ukukhetha amadoda anenani elikhulu le-ocelli emsila.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, nangona umsila unokuba yinto engathandekiyo enkulu xa kuziwa ekubalekeni kuyo nayiphi na ixhoba layo, oko kukuthi, ukhetho lwendalo, kukho kwakhona amandla ahlobene nokwanda kwempumelelo ekufumaneni iqabane, olu lwando lufumana igama. yokukhetha ngokwesondo.
Impilo ekukhuleni kweentaka
Ngoku, kwelinye icala, kwimeko yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsiba ezinombala ophezulu, njenge-tit enkulu, okanye negama lesayensi ye-Parus enkulu, okanye i-finches efana ne-goldfinch eqhelekileyo, okanye eyaziwa ngokwesayensi njengeCarduelis carduelis, iintaka ezinethamsanqa elikhulu okanye impumelelo xa zikhangela iqabane lokuzala. Yonke le mpumelelo inkulu ngenxa yokuba umbala okhethekileyo weentsiba zazo ubangelwa ngokupheleleyo kukutya ezikutyayo.
Ukufumana imibala eyahlukileyo kakhulu okanye ebukhali, ezi ntaka kufuneka zitye kangangoko zinakho ukutya okuhlukeneyo nge-carotenoids, oko kukuthi, ii-pigments ezikhoyo kwiziqhamo ezahlukeneyo, imifuno okanye izinambuzane ezinjengeembungu, kokukhona zisebenzisa, kokukhona ziba nemibala emininzi. iza kuba.. Kwangesi sizathu sinye, amabhinqa atolika ezi ntsiba zinemibala eqaqambileyo njengophawu olucacileyo lwempilo entle, kunye namandla amakhulu okondla amatsha awo ekamva.
Ukwakhiwa kweendlwane ekukhuleni kweentaka
Iindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeentaka zinokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo xa zisakha iindlwane ezihlala kuzo. Omnye weyona mizekelo ibalaseleyo nobalaseleyo yimeko yomluki ogqunywe ngesigqubuthelo sobuso, okanye ngegama layo lenzululwazi, iPloceus velatus, luhlobo lwentaka olusetyenziselwa ukwakha intaphane yeendlwane ezinomtsalane ukutyhubela iminyaka. Kutheni besenza oku?Impendulo yeyokuba abaluki benza ezi ndlwane zintle nezicokisekileyo ukuze bafumane iqabane eliza kutshata nalo ekugqibeleni, kwaye ke ngoko, kwiintlobo zabo, inani leendlwane abazakhayo sesinye sezona zibonakaliso zinkulu zendlela. baya kuba nabantwana abaninzi.
Inkqubo yokukhwelana kolu hlobo lweentaka isekelwe kwinto yokuba iinkunzi kuqala zakha iindlwane, zitsala imazi, zizala, yaye ekugqibeleni, imazi ihlala kwindlwane eyakhiwe ngaphambili yinkunzi ukuze inyamekele onke amaqanda, ngoxa imazi ishiywa igada amaqanda, iinkunzi zichitha ixesha lazo zakha iindlwane ezininzi ngakumbi ukuze zihlangane neemazi ezininzi, njalo njalo. Amava iinkunzi ezinawo abonakala ngokucacileyo kuphuculo oluya kuba nalo iindlwane zazo kunye nobuchule eziya kuzakha ngabo njengoko iminyaka ihamba, ezi ziya kuba nomtsalane ngakumbi kwaye zibe ntle.
Abona badanisi ababalaseleyo ekudityanisweni kweentaka
I-Rupicola peruvianus, okanye i-colloquially eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cock-of-the-rock, inesithethe sokukhwelana esijika sibe lukhuphiswano olusondeleyo kunye nobudlova, olubandakanya umboniso wabo bonke abesilisa phambi kwabasetyhini. Kwezi zithethe, amadoda ahlanganisana kwindawo enye phakathi kwamanye amasebe aze aqalise ukuxhuma, ukudanisa, ukukhupha izandi ezithile ezahlukeneyo kwaye ashukumise amaphiko awo, lonke olu hlobo lokuthandana lubizwa ngokuba yi "Lek".
Zonke ezi zenzo kunye nesi siko lenziwa kuphela ukuze iimazi, ezibukele yonke isiganeko, zikwazi ukwenza isigqibo ngokulula kwindoda enye xa iphelile yonke i-parade; noko ke, kumaxesha amaninzi, kukho iimazi ezisenokunganeliseki yiyo nayiphi na into eyindoda zize zigqibe kwelokuba zihambe zodwa. Kwiimeko apho imazi ithatha isigqibo sokuhlala yodwa, yonke inkqubo yokuzalela iqhutyelwa yodwa, elungiselela indlwane ngaphandle koncedo lwenkunzi, ize ifukamele amaqanda ayo kwaye inakekele ukunakekelwa ukuba iintsana zayo zifuna ngokupheleleyo yedwa. amantshontsho amancinci.
Omnye umzekelo onika umdla wokubhentsisa ezi zithethe zikhethekileyo nezinomdla wokukhwelana yintaka ebalaseleyo yeparadesi, okanye eyaziwa ngokwesayensi phantsi kwegama likaLophorina superba, apho iinkunzi zenza isiko lokukhwelana elicokisekileyo lokuzala, kwakwesi siko linye iintaka ezisasaza kuzo. ikapa elimnyama, oko kukuthi, amaphiko azo, kude kubekho umgca oluhlaza obhityileyo kuphela esifubeni kunye namehlo aluhlaza kumbindi wekapa elimnyama.
Emva koku, iintaka zibonisa umdaniso ontsonkothileyo, oquka ukujikeleza imazi ezifuna ukuyichukumisa ngeentshukumo ezahlukeneyo ze-semicircular de ekugqibeleni imazi ithathe isigqibo sokuzala naye, okanye ihambe ihlale yodwa.
Amasiko okucoca kunye nokuhombisa ekuthandeni kweeNtaka
Kukho iimeko ezithile kakhulu zeentaka ezifana nentaka ye-pergolero emdaka, okanye eyaziwa ngokwesayensi phantsi kwegama le-Amblyornis inornata, apho inkqubo yokuthandana isekelwe kwinto yokuba amadoda achitha ixesha elide esusa indawo ngokukodwa ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya. emva koko ubeke inani elikhulu lemihombiso apho, njengamatoti ahlukeneyo, amatye, amaqokobhe, phakathi kwezinye izinto zokuhombisa zombala ofanayo, kwaye emva koko wakhe i-pergola ukutsala ingqalelo yemazi kwaye ikwazi ukukhwelana.
Kwezi meko, kuphela yindoda ekwaziyo ukwakha eyona pergola ibalaseleyo kwaye icokisekileyo kubo bonke iya kuba nako ukutshata nomntu obhinqileyo. Kwakhona, ebudeni balo lonke uqheliselo lokuthandana, amadoda ahamba phakathi kwazo zonke izinto azibeka ngokwawo aze akhuphe izandi ezahlukahlukeneyo, njengokukrwada okanye nokucofa, lonke eli xesha imazi imjongile kumbindi we-pergola eyayakhelwe yona. .
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi ngazo zonke izilwanyana ezikhoyo ehlabathini lonke, ungacingi nakancinane ngokumka ungakhange uqale ufunde elinye lala manqaku mathathu amangalisayo: