Kweli nqaku siyakumema ukuba ufunde malunga Izithethe zobuBhuda, ilunqulo lwesine ehlabathini olunabona befundisi, oluqukwe kunqulo nelokomoya yaye injongo yalo ephambili ikukoyisa ukubandezeleka kwabantu nomjikelo wokufa nokuzalwa ngokutsha. Ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde eli nqaku kwaye ufunde ngakumbi malunga nefilosofi kaBuddha!
Izithethe zobuBhuda
Kubantu abaninzi, ubuBhuda buye bathathwa njengenkolo yehlabathi, ukongeza kwimfundiso yefilosofi neyomoya, engasekelwanga kwinkolelo yomdali okanye uThixo opheleleyo, kuba yeyonto ebizwa ngokuba yintsapho ye-dharmic kwaye ezi ziyi. iquka izithethe ezahlukeneyo, iinkolelo zonqulo, noqheliselo lokomoya olwadalwa lwaza lwafundiswa nguGautama Buddha.
Imfundiso yobuBhuda inemvelaphi phakathi kwenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX neye-XNUMX BC. Yasasazeka kuwo wonke ummandla waseAsia, kodwa yaba nokuhla ngexesha lamaXesha Aphakathi, kodwa kubalulekile ukubalaselisa ukuba izithethe kunye nezithethe zobuBhuda zinomsebenzi wokoyisa ukubandezeleka okanye ukubandezeleka. yintoni ebizwa dukkha, kwaye uphelise umjikelo wokufa kunye nokuzalwa kwakhona kwaye ubizwe njenge samsara.
Konke oku kunikwe, yindlela umfundi ekufuneka ayihambile Nirvana eyindlela yenkululeko okanye ngo ubuBhuda evusa kwaye ehlala ekukhanyiselweni kukaBuddha.
Kwizikolo zobuBhuda kufundiswa umendo wenkululeko kodwa ingcaciso enikelwayo ineendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ngale ndlela okubalulekileyo kukwamkelwa kweemfundiso noqheliselo lwemibhalo engcwele kwiindinyana ezahlukeneyo zamaBhuda ekubeni zingqale yaye ziphangalele kakhulu.
KwiBuddhism kukho amasebe amabini aphambili ayiTheravada elithetha ukuthi, isikolo sabantu abadala nelinye isebe eli kuthiwa yiMahayana, eliyilo Indlela enkulu. Isebe leSikolo saBadala liphambili kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, eSri Lanka, eCambodia, eLaos, eMyanmar naseThailand.
Okwangoku, elinye isebe, eliyiNdlela Enkulu, liqhutyelwa eMpuma yelizwekazi laseAsia, ligxininisa izithethe ezifana neLizwe eliPure, iZen, iNichiren Buddhism, iShingon kunye neTiantai. Kwamanye amazwe anje ngeMongolia, iHimalayas kunye neKalmykia, abafundi baqhelisela ubuBhuda baseTibetan abaziimfundiso kunye namasiko amaBhuda afundiswa eVajrayana eIndiya ukusuka kwinkulungwane yesi-XNUMX.
Abasebenzi bobuBhuda abakwisikolo samaBhuda kufuneka babelane ngezithethe kunye nezithethe ezininzi zobuBhuda, kuba zonke iimfundiso zefilosofi zale nkolo yobuBhuda zisisiseko kwaye zonke izinto eziqulethweyo zinxulumene, kunye nenjongo yokuba ingcali nganye inokufumana umbono opheleleyo wabo bonke. iimfundiso, kuba kubalulekile ukuba umfundi azimisele ukwazi IsiDharma.
Kodwa iDharma ligama lesiSanskrit elimele inkolo, kwaye lithetha ukuba ngumthetho we-cosmic okanye umyalelo ophawulwa ngabafundi okanye iingcali.
Ziziphi izithethe zobuBhuda?
Kubafundi kunye nabasebenzi boBuddhism, babugqale ubuBhuda njengeseti yezithethe, iinkolelo, izenzo, imisitho, imisitho kunye nezithethe. Yiyo loo nto amasiko eBuddhism ayimisitho eyahlukeneyo eyenziwayo ukubhiyozela, ukukhumbula kunye nokuhlonipha iingcali zobuBhuda ngeemfundiso ezahlukeneyo kunye nezenzo ezenziwa kuBuddha emhlabeni.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kuzo zonke iinkolo, iintsomi kunye nefilosofi emhlabeni, ezininzi izenzo, izithethe kunye nemikhosi yendalo engcwele ziyenziwa, kodwa kwinkolo yobuBuddha kukho inani elikhulu lemibhiyozo yamaBuddha ethathwa njengento engaqondakaliyo. kwaye ingaqhelekanga kakhulu, ngale ndlela icingelwa njengefilosofi emangalisayo.
Amacandelo ahlukeneyo eBuddhism
Njengoko sele kusaziwa, imfundiso yobuBhuda iya kuba nemvelaphi eIndiya phakathi kwenkulungwane yesi-500 neye-XNUMX BC, isasazeka kulo lonke ilizwekazi laseAsiya, ubukhulu becala phakathi komzantsi nempuma, kwaye okwangoku lunqulo lwesine. ehlabathini, ngokwezibalo ezibonisa ukuba isixhenxe ekhulwini sabemi behlabathi baqhelisela inkolo yobuBhuda ekubeni inabasebenzi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-XNUMX.
UbuBhuda bujongwa ngakumbi njengentanda-bulumko yobomi kunenkolo kuba iingcali zinenjongo yokoyisa ubuthathaka kunye nobuthathaka abanabo abantu kwaye oku kufuneka boyise ngokucamngca kwaye ngokuziqhelanisa rhoqo umfundi unokufikelela kubulumko obuphezulu.
Ukuze umfundi afikelele eNirvana, kufuneka athobele imigaqo kunye nezithethe zobuBhuda ukuze akwazi ukuhlambulula umphefumlo wakhe kunye nobuntu bakhe, ngokuziqhelanisa nokomoya rhoqo okuvumela umfundi ukuba azibone iimpazamo zakhe kwaye azamkele kwaye aziguqulele kubuntu bakhe. ukuphuculwa..
Ngale ndlela izithethe zobuBhuda zijolise kumfundi ozaziyo njengomntu onamandla apheleleyo okufumana ubulumko, ngale ndlela kusetyenziswa iNirvana, ekhankanywa kwinkolo yobuBhuda njengokukhululwa kweminqweno, ingqondo yomntu kunye nokuqonda. ukuvela ngokutsha kwaye oku kuya kuphunyezwa ngezithethe ezahlukeneyo zobuBhuda.
UbuBhuda njengoko lulunqulo olunabalandeli abaninzi ehlabathini yaye lwazalelwa kumantla eIndiya kwiminyaka engama-2500 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu ngenxa yeemfundiso zikaSiddhartha Gautama, lowo bonke abafundi bemazi njengoBuddha, nangona yena enguBhuda. unqulo olungalawulwayo ngoothixo okanye iimfundiso, kuphela ngeengcamango, lunenjongo yokukhokelela abafundi ekukhanyeni okanye enkululekweni yomoya.
Enye yeemfundiso ezanikelwa nguBuddha yayikukuba ukuzuza ukhanyiselo, abafundi banokusebenzisa naziphi na iindlela ekubeni isiphelo sasisebenza yaye ngenxa yesi sizathu ubuBhuda basasazeka de bakhiwe phezu kwezithethe nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zobuBhuda, phakathi kwezona zibalulekileyo:
I-Theravada Buddhism: Yenye yeendlela eziphambili zobuBhuda kunye neyona indala ekhoyo namhlanje kwaye ithathwa njengeyona ikufutshane kwiBuddhism. idharma, izithethe kunye nezithethe zobuBhuda ezenziwayo zezo zifundiswa nguBuddha, ubuBhuda baseTheravada buxhaphakile ngoku kumazwe aseThailand, eLaos, eCambodia naseMyanmar.
Olona luntu lubalulekileyo lweemonki kwi-Theravada Buddhism yiShanga, eyenziwe ziimonki kunye noonongendi abanesimo esisezantsi kwaye banempahla embalwa, kwaye bahlala kwiindawo ezixineneyo. Ukulandela indlela ephindwe kasibhozo kunye nemithetho emihlanu, olu luntu lweemonki luhamba kwiidolophu ezahlukeneyo kwaye lufundise uluntu ukuba yintoni na. IsiDharma.
Iimonki zikwafundisa izibhalo zePalio Canon kunye nendlela yokufundisa ukucamngca kuba yeyona njongo iphambili kunye negalelo eluntwini, kuba ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo nokucamngca kuya kukwazi ukukhupha ingqondo yesiqu kwaye ukusondela kwindlela yengqondo. ukhanyiselo okanye into ebizwa ngokuba yiNirvana.
Nangona iimonki ziphila ubomi obufezekileyo boonongendi, amarhamente ayakwazi ukuqhelisela ubuBhuda baseTheravada, ngaloo ndlela anomsebenzi obalulekileyo wokunceda iimonki ukuze ziphile ubomi obutofotofo.
UbuBhuda baseMahayana: Elinye isebe leBuddhism yiMahayana, ekwachazwa njengesithuthi esikhulu, kwaye lelinye lawona masebe abalulekileyo eBuddhism, kodwa eli sebe lasasazeka kulo lonke elasempuma yeIndiya kwaye ngoku liqhutywa ngokubanzi kulo lonke ilizwekazi laseAsia. amazwe aseKorea naseTshayina.
UbuBhuda baseMahayana bahluke kakhulu kubuBhuda beTheravada, ekubeni endaweni yokulandela indlela esa ekukhanyeni, kobu buBhuda baseMahayana kukho isiqinisekiso sokuba uBuddha uselapha nathi yaye usoloko esikhokela ukuze sifikelele ekukhanyeni.
Kobu buBhuda eyona njongo iphambili asikokufikelela elukhanyiselweni, kodwa kukuqonda ukuba simele sincede abanye abantu kuhambo lwabo lokomoya, ekubeni sonke sinokuba ngamaBhuda yaye sihlonelwa njengee<em>bodhisattva eziye zakwazi ukufikelela ekukhanyeni nasekukhanyiselweni. ubulumko.
Aba bantu baye bazi ukuba yintoni i-nirvana, nabo banento ebaluleke kakhulu imfesane kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuzalisekisa amasiko eBuddhism ezifana nesisa, ukuziphatha, umonde, amandla, ukugxila kunye nobulumko. Iimpawu ezintle ekufuneka wonke umfundi okanye umntu ofuna ukwenza ubuBhuda abenazo.
UbuBhuda bomhlaba onyulu: eli sebe lobuBhuda linemvelaphi eTshayina, ukusuka kuqheliselo lobuBhuda baseMahayana, ngoku luqhutywa ngokubanzi eTshayina naseJapan, kodwa lugxile ekwenzeni ukuzinikela kuAmitabha, iEuda yokukhanya okungapheliyo, apho anolwazi lokuba yena. ngumlawuli weparadesi yeLizwe Elinyulu.
Le nkolo inamasiko amaninzi eBuddhism, ngaphezu kweendlela ezininzi zokomoya, ekubeni abafundi bayakwazi ukuphunyuka kumjikelezo wokufa kunye nokuzalwa kwakhona ukuze bahlale kunye no-Amitabha kwiLizwe elinyulu kwaye ngaloo ndlela bakwazi ukufezekisa ukukhanyiselwa, ndiyazi Umbhalo abakhokelwa ngawo abafundi beli sebe ngumbhalo owenziwa ngenkulungwane yokuqala, obizwa ngegama ILotus Sutra. Apho kuthethwa khona oku kulandelayo:
"Eyona ndlela yokwenyani kukuzinikela ku-Amitabha"
UbuBhuda baseTibetan: Eli sebe lobuBhuda linemvelaphi yalo ngenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX BC, kodwa abo babazisayo ngamaIndiya aseTibet, nangona eli sebe lobuBhuda lahluke kakhulu kubuBhuda obuqheliselwa kwamanye amazwe.
Olu hlobo lobuBhuda lunomyalelo weemonki kunye nenani elikhulu lezithethe zobuBhuda kunye nezithethe zonqulo ezininzi ezizezabo, bakwasebenzisa iimandala ezininzi kunye nokuzinikela kwiguru. Imizobo emininzi yokomfuziselo isetyenziselwa ukwenza ukucamngca.
Olona phawu lukhethekileyo lunayo iBuddhism yaseTibet kukuba banendlela yokumisela iilama, abangabafundisi bomoya kwaye bangabantu abahlonelwa kakhulu, kuba kucingelwa ukuba aba bantu bebeziinkokeli zomoya ebomini. ukulandelana kwabo kubomi bangaphambili, obungokuvela ngokutsha.
Xa i<em>lama isondela ekupheleni kobomi bayo, iqalisa ukunika uthotho lweempawu eya kuba nayo ngobomi bayo kumilambo olandelayo, yaye abalandeli emva kwale lema baqalisa ukukhangela umntwana onale mikhondo ukuze baphile. amyalele ukuba abe yilama elandelayo.
I-Tantric Buddhism: eli gama livela kwi-tantras, ukongeza ezi zaba yimibhalo kwaye sesona sixhobo sinamandla sokufumana imeko kaBuddha, kuba oko kuthetha ukuba kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa indalo kaBuddha ngokulula kunamanye amasebe obuBhuda, amasiko amaninzi, ukucamngca, iimandala kunye nomlingo zifakiwe kweli sebe lobuBhuda.
Kwi-Tantric Buddhism yenzelwe ukulungelelanisa iimeko kunye neemvakalelo zabasebenzi kwaye oku kubumba indalo kaBuddha ebalulekileyo kubo bonke abo baqhelisela ubuBhuda beTantric bahlonela iiBuddha ezininzi kunye ne-bodhisattvas ezifana noBuddha wokukhanya okungapheliyo kunye ne-Amitabha, kwaye kuyo yonke i-buddha abayinqulayo. ifumana ubume beBuddha yokuqala. I-Tantric Buddhism yenziwa kwezi ndawo zilandelayo iTibet, Indiya, China, Japan, Nepal, Bhutan and Mongolia.
UbuBhuda beZen: UbuBhuda beZen lelinye isebe elibalulekileyo lobuBhuda elathi lanwenwela eTshayina kodwa lahlala kakhulu ngenkulungwane yesithandathu, eJapan apho lathiywa igama leZen, laba nefuthe elikhulu kula mazwe alandelayo: iChina, iVietnam, iKorea neTaiwan. .
I-Zen Buddhism ijolise ekucamngceni, kwaye umfundi kufuneka agxininise ekufikeleleni ekukhanyeni, kunye nokwazi ukubaluleka kwamava phezu kwezibhalo ezaziwa kunye nenkolelo yokuba abantu banayo ukuba banye kunye ne-cosmos kwaye baya kwabelana ngayo yonke into. ikhona kuyo.
Kubafundi beZen Buddhism, ichaphazela yonke imiba yobomi babafundi ukusuka ngokwenyama, ngokwengqondo nangokomoya. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-Zen Buddhism, ukubhala inkondlo okanye ukwenza igadi encinci iya kuba ngumsebenzi ocacileyo kakhulu kwiBuddhism. Phakathi kwezikolo ezifundisa intanda-bulumko yeZen Buddhism kukho iRinzai neSoto.
UNichiren Buddhism: Yintanda-bulumko yobuBhuda eyayiqheliselwa yimonki yaseJapan uNichiren, owaseka isikolo samaBhuda ngenxa yokuba wayeshukunyiswa lukholo olukhulu kumandla okomoya eLotus Sutra. Eli sebe leBuddhism linengqokelela enkulu yezithethe zobuBhuda kunye neemfundiso ezahlukeneyo ezisusela kwinkulungwane yoku-XNUMX ye-AD, kwaye ligqame ngokuchasene namanye amasebe obuBhuda.
Imonki uNichiren yayiqinisekile ukuba ekuphela kwendlela yokufikelela kwimeko yokhanyiselo lukaBuddha yayikukufunda iLotus Sutra. Ngale ndlela wayekhuthaza abafundi ukuba bayicule le ngoma "Ndisabela kwiLotus Sutra yoMthetho oMangalisayo"
Okwangoku eJapan i-Nichiren Buddhism isaqhutywa njengoko kukho iintshukumo zenkcubeko eziqhubeka nokuxhasa njengenye yeendlela eziphambili zokufikelela kwimo kaBuddha ngenxa yezithethe zobuBhuda kunye nezenzo ezinazo.
I-Soka Gakkai Buddhism: Yasekwa ngo-1937 ngabahlaziyi ababini bemvelaphi yaseJapan ababebizwa ngokuba nguSunesaburo Makiguchi kunye noJosei Toda, baseka isikolo soBuddhism nabo bakhuthazwa lulwazi kunye neemfundiso zemonki yamaBhuda uNichiren. Emva kokuhamba ngokomzimba kukaMakiguchi kwi-1944.
I-Soka Gakkai Buddhism yahlaziywa njengehlelo lenkolo elibizwa ngokuba yi-Soka Gakkai, njengelinye isebe le-Nichiren Buddhism, ligxininise kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuBuddha kunye neemfundiso ezininzi ze-Nichiren Buddhism.
Egxile kwiLotus Sutra kunye nokucula ngokwesiko, okwangoku inabafundi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi elinesibini eJapan njengeyona ngongoma iphambili kunye nehlabathi liphela kuba inoguquko olunamandla kunye nenjongo.
Uluntu lwamaBhuda eTriratna: Umyili ophambili wale ntshukumo yamaBhuda yayiyimonki yamaBhuda uSangharakshita, owazalelwa eNgilani waza waseka iTriratna Buddhist Community, ngaphambili ebibizwa ngegama lika. Abahlobo be-Western Buddhist Order (AOBO).
Lonke olu lwazi lwamaBhuda imonki yalufumana ngokufunda eIndiya nokuba nokholo olukhulu. Xa wabuyela eUnited Kingdom ngowe-1967, wayenenjongo yokufundisa abanye indlela yokusebenzisa ulwazi nezithethe zobuBhuda kubemi baseNtshona belo xesha.
Nangona bonke abafundi bemiselwe kwaye kufuneka baqhubeke nenkqubo ethile, banamandla okwenza isigqibo malunga nokuba baphile ubomi behlabathi okanye ubomi bemonki. Kodwa bonke abafundi kufuneka bazibophelele ekuthobeleni yonke imithetho esisiseko kunye nemigaqo yefilosofi yobuBhuda.
Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka bafune ikhusi kumatye anqabileyo amathathu obuBhuda abuBuddha, iDhamma kunye neShanga kwaye eyona njongo yabo iphambili kukufikelela kwimo kaBuddha, kwaye bathobele iinkolelo kunye nezithethe zobuBhuda omsebenzi wabo kukuzalisekisa yonke imimiselo yokuziphatha. , ukufundisisa nokuzinikela.
I-Triratna Buddhist Community namhlanje inezigidi zabalandeli kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, eMntla Melika nakwiindawo ezininzi zase-Australasia.
Izithethe zonqulo zamaBhuda
Zonke izikolo zamaBhuda zinezithethe zonqulo zamaBhuda, kunye nemisitho kunye nezinye izithethe zonqulo ezininzi. Emazweni apho ifilosofi yamaBuddha igxininiswe ngokunzulu, ibonakaliswe ngamanani amaninzi amasiko amaBuddha, kunye noluhlu lwemisebenzi ukusuka kwizinto ezilula ukuya kwizinto ezinzima.
Kodwa zisekelwe kwiinkolelo zamaBhuda nakwiimbono ezilandelwa lunqulo lwamaBhuda. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba inkolo yamaBhuda inobutyebi obuninzi kwizithethe ezahlukeneyo zobuBhuda ezivumela abafundi kunye namakholwa ukuba bafumane ngokugxininiswa ngakumbi kwimeko abafuna ukufikelela kuyo, okukhanyisela, kwaye ngaloo ndlela bakwazi ukufezekisa injongo abayifunayo. ebomini babo.. Phakathi kwezithethe eziphambili zeBuddhism zezi zilandelayo:
I-Genuflections: Sisigqibo esithathwa ngamagcisa ngokuqhelekileyo esisekelwe kwintlonelo nonqulo, sisithethe sobuBhuda esisenzelwa ukunqula uBuddha. Esi siko lenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo:
Ifomu yokuqala iza kwenziwa ngelixa ingcali okanye imonki yamaBhuda iza kumisa imizuzwana kwaye ithethe la magama “KwiMani Padme Hum” ekubeni eli binzana liyaziwa kakuhle kwaye libeka izandla zakhe ndawonye ekuphakameni kwesifuba, emva koku uya kuphakama ngaphezu kwentloko yakhe kwaye kufuneka athathe inyathelo eliya phambili.
Emva koko, ubeka izandla zakhe kumgangatho wobuso, kwaye uqala ukuhamba, aze abeke izandla zakhe esifubeni sakhe aze athathe inyathelo lesithathu. Emva koko wolula izandla zakhe aze agobe emhlabeni, abuyele emadolweni akhe ukuze emva koko andise wonke umzimba wakhe aze awuhlise emhlabeni. Ekugqibeleni uyaphakama aze aphinde onke la manyathelo.
Indlela yesibini yokwenza i-genuflections kukwandisa umzimba wonke olele emhlabeni kodwa kwikhaphethi, ii-genuflections zisoloko zisenziwa kwi-monastery okanye nayiphi na indawo engcwele.
Nangona iintshukumo zokuqala zohambo zisetyenzisiwe, kodwa kwindawo enye ngale ndlela yokuqubuda, yenziwa ukwenzela ukuhlawula ukuzinikela okuthile, isetyenziselwa ukucela ukukhuselwa, ukufezekisa ulonwabo kunye nokususa ukubandezeleka kwabantu.
Izithethe zobuBhuda ezichaziweyo zisetyenziselwa ukuba imonki okanye ikholwa likwazi ukuhlakulela umoya okhululekileyo, imonki inokwenza izaphetha ezimalunga namawaka alishumi apho umzimba womfundi ukwaziyo ukufikelela emhlabeni kwaye unganxibanga zihlangu ngenjongo yokubonisa ukuba ndiyamhlonela. .
Ivili lomthandazo: Ikwanikwe negama levili lomthandazo, lenziwe ngohlobo lwesilinda ebekwe kwisiseko esenziwe ngamaplanga kunye nobhedu.
Umphandle wesilinda kubhalwe amagama amabinzana angcwele "Kwi-Mani Padme Hum" kwaye ngaphakathi kukho uluhlu lwezivakalisi ezinokuthi ingcali ngokwayo ibhale ukuze ifezekise into ayifunayo.
Umfundi wenkolo yobuBuddha, ukwenzela ukuba le nto ijikeleze, ithatha ngesiseko kwaye iguqule, ichaneke kakhulu ukuyenza ijikeleze, ukwenzela ukuba afunde imithandazo okanye imithandazo kwaye ngakumbi into ejikelezayo, Imonki yamaBhuda iya kuba nako ukucengceleza amaxesha amaninzi into afuna ukuyibonakalisa ebomini bakhe. Oku kuya kuvumela imonki yamaBhuda ukuba iqokelele ubulumko obuninzi kwaye ikwazi ukucoca ikarma yayo.
Imbeko yoMlilo: ikwabizwa ngokuba yiJoma, iJomam okanye iJavan. Zizizithethe zobuBhuda ezisekelwe ekutshisweni kwezipho neminikelo kumlilo omkhulu ongcwele ukubonisa imbeko.
Isekelwe ekwenzeni umsitho ngenjongo yokutshisa amadini kumlilo ongcwele, le yenye yezona zithethe zindala nezingcwele zobuBhuda ezikhoyo namhlanje kwaye yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezilondolozwe njengenkolelo ebaluleke kakhulu. . .
Baphinde baqale ukutshisa izinto ngelixa becengceleza uthotho lwe-sutras oluhambelana noko umonki wamaBuddha anqwenela ukuzibonakalisa.
Ukukhululwa kwezilwanyana: Yenziwa ziimonki ezifumaneka kwiitempile ezingcwele zaseTibet kwaye ziyizithethe zamaBhuda apho izilwanyana ezikroliweyo ezinjengeegusha kunye neejaks zikhululwa. Ezi zilwanyana zihonjiswe ngemisonto yesilika enemibala eyahlukahlukeneyo, enemibala eyahlukeneyo emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. Ezi zilwanyana zinikezelwa kuBuddha kunye nobuthixo bentaba.
Xa zinikelwa, zifumaneka simahla kuwo wonke loo mmandla, yaye akukho bani unokuzingela okanye azitshixe ukuze zitye, ekubeni ezi zilwanyana zimele zife ngemvelo.
Amatye e-Peanut: Emazweni apho inkolo yeBuddhism iqhutyelwa khona, kuqheleke kakhulu ukubona kwiiTempile kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo ezingcwele apho iBuddhism yaseTibetan iqhutyelwa khona, inani elikhulu le-slabs okanye i-ceramics apho uchungechunge lwe-sutras luqoshiwe.
Zihlala zifumaneka kwiimfumba kodwa aziyalelwa kwaye azinasakhiwo esikhethekileyo, kuba iziqwenga ze-slabs okanye i-ceramics zibekwe zihlakazekile kwiindonga zeendlela eziya kwiitempile zamaBhuda okanye kwiimonki nakwiintaba zeentaba. ezisetyenziselwa ukucamngca kwaye zikwazi ukufikelela kukhanyiselo lukaBuddha.
Inyaniso ebalulekileyo malunga namasiko eBuddhism kukuba udonga olukhulu lwelitye le-peanut lunegama elithi Jiana kwaye inobude obuziimitha ezine malunga neemitha ezingamakhulu amathathu ubude namashumi asibhozo ububanzi.
Ifumaneka kwisixeko saseXinzhai Villag esiyenye yeYushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures kumhlaba wakudala wase China.
Ihashe Lomoya: yaziwa kwifilosofi yamaBhuda njenge lungta yaye xa liguqulelwa kwiSpanish lithetha ihashe lomoya, lenziwa ngothotho lweeflegi okanye ii<em>banderilla ezinemithandazo eyahlukahlukeneyo ebhalwe kuzo.
Kubasebenzi benkolo yobuBhuda, le mithandazo ifanekisela ikamva labantu, kunye nezinto ezintlanu zendalo. Igama lale nkonzo yamaBuddha livela kumanyano phakathi kwehashe nomoya.
Kuxelwa kwimbali yale filosofi yamaBhuda ukuba zombini ihashe kunye nomoya zizithuthi zendalo, ekubeni ihashe sisilwanyana esinamandla okukwazi ukuthutha izinto ezininzi kunye neefom ezingabonakaliyo.
Ngoxa umoya unako ukuthutha ezo zinto zi-ethereal, oko kukuthi, azinasimo, njengemithandazo kunye nemithandazo ehanjiswa ngumoya.
Iibhanderila ezisetyenzisiweyo zinemilo yoxande kwaye zenziwe ngephepha okanye ilaphu kwaye zilungelelaniswe ngokwamaqela amahlanu emibala, enenjongo yokumela izakhi zecosmology yaseTibet.
Ukongeza, imizobo yezilwanyana yenziwa okanye izotywa ejongwe ukumela izinto ezintlanu ezizezi: intsimbi, umthi, amanzi, umlilo nomhlaba. Kwaye ziyalelwa ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene ngendlela ethile yile:
- Blue efuzisela kwaye inxulumene nesibhakabhaka kunye nendawo.
- Imhlophe imele umoya nomoya.
- Ubomvu obunxulumene nomlilo.
- Uhlaza, ufuzisela amanzi.
- Umthubi ukhethwe ukumela umhlaba.
Ukubekwa kwezi flegi ezinemibala kwenziwa ukusuka kwindawo ephakamileyo ukuya kwindawo ephantsi kakhulu, kwaye ziboshwe phakathi kwezinto ezimbini, ezi zithethe zamaBuddha zihlala zibekwe kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezifana nophahla lwee-monasteries okanye iitempile.
Kunye nakwi-stupas eziyizakhiwo zamaBhuda apho zigcina khona ezona zinto zixabisekileyo. Ngendlela efanayo zibekwe phakathi kwezinyuko ezisezintabeni nakwiimonki.
Mo: Ngomnye wezithethe zobuBhuda apho kuvunyelwe ukwenza ukubonisana ngokomoya ngokusebenzisa idayisi, ekubeni inkosi yaseBuddha inemvume yokubiza isithixo sakhe sokufundisa kwaye inokuphosa idayisi yaseTibetan.
Ezi ziphumo ziya kunika umphathi weBuddhism amandla okutolika imibuzo ebuzwa ngumntu, ekubeni ukusetyenziswa kwenziwa idayisi kunye nomzobo weTibet ofana kakhulu nemandala eneempawu ezisibhozo apho idayisi kufuneka ihlale khona. Amanani aguqulwa abe ngama-syllables apho idayisi lihlala khona kwaye ngaloo ndlela utoliko lwenziwa ngokuxhomekeke apho idayisi lihlala khona kwaye yintoni ebhaliweyo kumzobo.
Ukujika ekunene: Sesinye sezona zithethe zisetyenziswayo nezinika umdla zobuBhuda kuba zenziwa ngenjongo yokuphepha izifo ezahlukeneyo, iintlekele kunye neengozi ezinokuthi zenzeke kubasebenzi boBuddhism. Ukongeza, iimfanelo ezinkulu kunye nokuqondwa kufezekiswa ngokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa. esi sithethe soBuddhism.
Esi sithethe soBuddhism sidla ngokuqhutywa kwiimonki zamaBhuda okanye iitempile apho abafundi bakaBuddha kufuneka benze izinto ezininzi ngaxeshanye, ngale ndlela umfundi uqala ukucengceleza uthotho lweesutras ngelixa ejika amavili omthandazo kwaye ajikeleze imifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Kwicala apho zihamba ngasekunene.
Ukucocwa noYamantaka: Sesinye sezithethe zobuBhuda ezibhekiswa kuthixo wamaBhuda, ekubeni lo waziwa njengalowo wakoyisa ukufa, ekubeni unamandla okushenxisa nokuphelisa oko kunokukwenzakalisa.
Ngomnye wezithethe zobuBhuda apho iLama iphethe ukubiza uBuddha kwaye inokwenza isiko lobuBhuda lokuhlanjululwa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa iintsiba zepikoko kunye ne-kusha grass.
UbuKrestu: Ngomnye wezithethe zeBuddhism ezingundoqo ekuhlambululeni nasekuhlambululeni ingqondo yomfundi, ixesha ngalinye engena kwinqanaba elitsha kwimfihlo ye-esoteric, ngale ndlela i-monk yaseBuddha inokubhaptizwa ngamaxesha amaninzi.
Nangona kwisithethe sobhaptizo lwamaBhuda, oku kunokusoloko kutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwimonki eyinkosi yamaBhuda eyenzayo, nangona kunjalo kwezinye izithethe zobuBhuda xa ubhaptizo imonki kufuneka iphathe ibhotile yamanzi esandleni ngelixa icinga ukuyithumela.
Ngelixa inkosi yamaBhuda isenza ubhaptizo, umfundi obhaptizwayo umele acinge ukuba kukho iidragoni ezine ezizalise iibhotile ezine ngamanzi aphuma emilonyeni yazo yaye ezi ziya kugalelwa phezu kwentloko yomfundi ongumBhuda.
Ngokomthetho wamaBuddha, oku kuya kumnika amandla kwaye ingqondo yakhe iya kuhlanjululwa ukuze ihambelane nemigaqo yefilosofi yamaBuddha kwaye ifikelele kwindlela yokukhanyisa okanye i-nirvana.
Ukuvalelwa: Eli siko lobuBhuda liya kuba neyona njongo yalo iphambili yokwenza umfundi aqonde yonke into ethethwa yintanda-bulumko kaBhuda, ngoku kuvalelwa kwakhe uya kwaphula lonke unxibelelwano nehlabathi langaphandle.
Kweli nqanaba lesithethe, ugqirha unoxanduva lokuziqhelanisa nemithandazo kunye nemithandazo efunekayo kwisithethe samaBhuda, esicatshangelwa ngokubanzi kwaye sinokuhlala kwiintsuku ezininzi ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi. Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukushiya itempile okanye i-monastery ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
La mava anika imonki yamaBhuda ithuba lokuhlakulela intanda-bulumko kwaye ngaloo ndlela ifumane ulwazi nobulumko, yenye yezithethe ezenziwa amatyeli aliqela ngokuxhomekeke kwinto afuna ukuyenza ingcali.
Ngomnye wezithethe zobuBhuda apho iingcali ziqhuba imfihlo ye-esoteric, kuba xa beqala ukwenza le nkonzo abasayi kuphinda badibane nabo ngaphandle kweemonki ezibangqongileyo, ukongeza ekufumaneni ukutya kwabo ekungeneni kwendlu. emqolombeni.
Ekubeni kukho umlindi omgadileyo aze amgcine kangangexesha elithile, ukuze agqibezele isiko lobuBhuda aze afumane ulwazi alufunayo.
Lasuosuo: ngokolwimi lwaseTibet la magama asetyenziswa xa ingcali idlule kwiintaba kunye neentlambo zobuthixo, ekubeni inentsingiselo yoThixo owoyisileyo, isiko ukuba kwizithethe zamandulo zamaBuddha kwenziwa amadini abhekiselele kuluntu. uthixo weentaba kunye nemfazwe.
Intliziyo yeSutra Puja: Yenye yezithethe zobuBhuda ezijolise ekufumaneni iseti yeentsikelelo ezivela kuBuddha, sisithethe esijongwa siqatha kakhulu kodwa kwangaxeshanye sibanzi kakhulu, esithatha ngaphezu kweyure yoqheliselo lwemihla ngemihla.
Sisithethe apho kufuneka ucule umculo ongcwele kwaye udlale amagubu, ukongeza ekuthandazeni ngokholo olukhulu, kufuneka ucengceleze i-mantra ye-Heart Sutra. Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Essence kunye noBulumko i-Sutra yenye yezona zibhalo ezibalulekileyo zenkolo yamaBuddha. Kwaye yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwisebe leMahayana Buddhism.
Lo mbhalo wenziwa ngeendinyana ezilishumi elinesine zesiSanskrit okanye i-shlokas, kwaye ibandakanya i-mantra ehlala iculwa kwizikolo zaseMahayana zobuBuddha, ezifundeka ngolu hlobo:
“Hamba Hamba
yiya phezulu
Yiya phezulu
Vuka. Bayibenjalo"
umdaniso wenkolo: Umculo, imidlalo yeqonga kunye nomdaniso bubugcisa obathi ukususela kumaxesha amandulo busebenza ekusasazeni amasiko nezithethe zenkcubeko. Kodwa xa sibhekisela kwintanda-bulumko yobuBhuda, kuye kwajongwa ukuba le yindlela yokuphila eyayiqheliselwa ngabafundi.
Yiyo loo nto kwiimonki ezahlukeneyo imidaniso yenkolo eyahlukeneyo yenziwa ngeentsuku ezibalulekileyo kwaye kwinkolo yobuBhuda inentsingiselo eninzi, umzekelo woku kuxa kuxelwa amabali kaBuddha.
Kwakhona xa beqala ukubalisa ibali lezinye ii-bodhisattvas okanye abangcwele bale nkolo ukuze basikelele umzuzu, unyaka okanye usuku, kwaye ngaloo ndlela bakwazi ukucoca naluphi na ukuphazamiseka kwekarmic.
Ngokufanayo, kuxhaphake kakhulu ukuba ekupheleni konyaka imidaniso emininzi yenkolo ibanjwa kwindawo nganye yeemonki zamaBhuda, kwaye ngelo xesha iimonki zinxiba ngokucocekileyo kwaye zinxibe iimaski ezahlukeneyo kunye neempahla zesithixo saseYak ezijikeleza imonki.
Injongo yemidaniso yonqulo kukoyikisa yonke imimoya engendawo ekupheleni konyaka, ngaloo ndlela ikwazi ukuqala unyaka omtsha ngaphandle kwamashwa kunye nemimoya emibi.
UKhanw Pansa kunye no-Ok Pansa: Lelinye lamasiko amaBhuda asetyenziswa kakhulu eThailand, kwaye lisiko lenziwa ngokubanzi kwiTheravada Buddhism, kwaye esi sithethe sibandakanya ukurhoxa ngokomoya okuza kwenziwa ziimonki xa kufika ixesha lemvula.
Okanye kwenzeka phakathi kweenyanga zikaJulayi ukuya ku-Okthobha, eyaziwa ngokuba yiWassa ngolwimi lwePali okanye iPansa ngesiSanskrit. Kolu hambo lokomoya, iimonki zamaBhuda zithatha umhlala-phantsi okanye zigcinwe kwiimonki ukuze zihlakulele kwaye zizinikele ekukhuleni ngokomoya zisebenzisa ukufundisisa rhoqo nokucamngca.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba lelinye lawona masiko amadala asetyenziswa ziimonki zamaBhuda ezisusela kwixesha likaBuddha, kwaye oko kwamkelwa ngama-medicant ascetics eIndiya. Oko kukuthi, abo bantu bagqiba ekubeni baphile ngaphandle kweziyolo zasemhlabeni, ukwenza ukuzikhwebula kube ngumkhwa kwaye baphile kuphela kwisisa kunye nesisa.
Ngelo xesha iimonki azizange zithathe uhambo ngexesha lemvula ngenxa yokuba imeko kunye nemozulu yayinzima kakhulu, yindlela eyenziwa ngayo le nkonzo yamaBuddha, yiyo loo nto igama lesi siko nguKhaw Pansa (ukuqala kokuhlehla) kunye no-Ok Pansa (isiphelo sokuhlehla).
UHambo: Yenye yezithethe zobuBhuda apho amagcisa akhwela intaba kaThixo ukuze enze ukhenketho olukhulu kulo lonke echibini, ngale nto iimonki zizimisele ukukwazi ukufumana ubulumko, ukhuseleko namandla ezi ndawo zibonelela ngawo.
Iimonki ezininzi zamaBhuda kunye nabasebenzi bale ntanda-bulumko yobuBhuda baqinisekile ukuba ngokwenza esi sithethe betyhutyha iintaba namachibi angcwele, baqokelela izinto ezininzi ezintle ukuze bafikelele ekukhanyiselweni okanye kwindlela yeNirvana.
Iinkonzo kunye nezithethe zobuBhuda
Ifilosofi yamaBhuda ityebile kakhulu kwizithethe nakwizithethe, kodwa ukuqaliswa komfundi kufuneka kuqhutywe kwisikolo samaBhuda esikwisebe leBuddhism kwaye kuxhaphake kakhulu ukuba ingcali ihambe ngesigaba okanye izigaba ngexesha lokusekwa kwemonki. umBhuda. Phakathi kwezithethe eziphambili zeBuddhism sinazo:
Isithethe sokuqalisa: isiko lolwaluko ekufuneka liqhutywe ngutitshala kwisikolo abhalise kuso okanye ahlala kuso kodwa ukuze abe yimonki yamaBhuda kufuneka alungiselele okuninzi kulwazi kunye nokucamngca kwaye oku kwenziwa ngezigaba ezininzi.
Inqanaba lokuqala ekufuneka umntu ajongane nalo ukuze abe yimonki yamaBhuda linqanaba elaziwa ngokuba yiPabbajja. Lisiko elenziwa ingcaphephe isengumntwana kuba kufuneka ibe neminyaka esibhozo ubudala.
Ngelo xesha kufuneka bamse kumzi woonongendi ngomhla ochanekileyo ochazwe yi-horoscope, kunye nesizathu sokuba lelona nqanaba lithandekayo kwingcali yexesha elizayo lenkolo yobuBhuda. Yaye uzigqala njengomfundi osele eqalisile.
Xa esiwa kumzi woonongendi, wamkelwa kakuhle ziimonki eziya kuthi zimnike amatye anqabileyo amathathu inkolo yobuBhuda, ngala:
- Buddha, okuthetha izidalwa ezikhanyiselweyo. Bagqale njengabafundisi bakho.
- Dharma, imfundiso kunye nokuqonda imfundiso kaBuddha.
- Sangha, uluntu lwamaBhuda kwaye ujoyine.
Emva kokuba umntu osebenzisa intanda-bulumko yobuBhuda sele eyiqondile yonke into malunga namatye anqabileyo amathathu enkolo yobuBhuda, uya kuhlutywa iimpahla zakhe anikwe ingubo emthubi, emva koko achetywe intloko yakhe ukuze asuse zonke iinwele zakhe. Ingcali yezinto ezisisiseko ekufuneka zonke iimonki zamaBhuda zibe nazo, ezi zilandelayo:
- Izinto ezintathu zempahla.
- Ibhanti.
- Inaliti.
- Incakuba abayisebenzisayo xa becheba.
- Isihluzo.
- Isitya sezipho.
Emva kokuba sele uqalile, uya kuxelelwa imimiselo okanye imigaqo emihlanu ukuba wonke umntu osebenza kwinkolo yobuBhuda kufuneka ayithobele, kwaye kuthiwa yimithetho yokuziphatha yobuBuddha kwaye ukususela ngaloo mzuzu kufuneka ube yimigaqo omele uyithobele. kunye nobomi bakho bonke kwaye kufuneka uzilandele ngowona xanduva unakho kwaye zezi zilandelayo:
- Awuyi kuthabatha okanye utshabalalise ubomi bezidalwa ezineemvakalelo (abantu nezilwanyana).
- Awuyi kuthabatha izinto kwabanye, oko kukuthi, akuvumelekanga ukusebenzisa kakubi into ethile (ubusela, ubuqhetseba, ubuqhetseba)
- Kuphephe ukuziphatha kakubi okuzenzakalisa wena okanye abanye.
- Musa ukuxoka, ukunyelisa, ukuhleba, ukuthetha krwada, njl.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwayo nayiphi na imveliso evelisa ukuguqulwa kwengqondo akuvumelekanga: iziyobisi ezisemthethweni okanye ezingekho mthethweni, utywala, ikofu, njl.
Emva kokugqiba isigaba sokuqala sokuqaliswa kwiBuddhism ebizwa ngokuba yiPabbajja. Ingcali yentanda-bulumko yobuBhuda kufuneka iqalise isigaba sesibini okanye isigaba esibizwa ngokuba yi-Upasampada, ekufuneka iqale kanye xa isiphelo siphela kwaye oku siqulathe imonki eselula yamaBhuda eyabelwe ngutitshala onamava kubuBhuda.
Ukuze lo mfundisi-ntsapho akwazi ukukhokela ingcali eselula yobuBhuda kulwazi nokufunda, naye uya kumfundisa yonke into nendlela yokuhlonela abafundisi-ntsapho bentanda-bulumko yobuBhuda.
Kwakhona kuya kumnika ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze ingcaphephe eselula yobuBhuda ifumane ubulumko obuyimfuneko, kunye nonqabiseko nemfesane apho iimonki zamaBhuda zikholelwa kuyo yaye konke oku kufuneka kufundwe ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala.
Emva kokufunda konke oku, imonki eqheliselayo iya kuba ilungele ukwenza isithethe apho iya kubizwa ngokuba yimonki yobuBhuda yaye iya kukwazi ukunceda ezinye iimonki kuqeqesho lwazo.
Isithethe sokufa: Kunqulo lobuBhuda ukufa kugqalwa njengenyathelo lokuba umphefumlo ufikelele kwi-nirvana yaye akugqalwa njengento embi okanye ebuhlungu, kuba intanda-bulumko yobuBhuda eyona ndlela yokufa kuxa umntu enolwazi olupheleleyo ngoko kuza kwenzeka kuye. wena.
Yiyo loo nto xa kuqwalaselwa ukufa njengenyathelo elikhokelela kubomi obutsha obusondela kwi-nirvana. Kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yinkonzo yokufa okanye isithethe somngcwabo weBuddhism, iya kuhlala iqala ngesithethe sokudlula.
Esi sithethe siya kuqala ngokufunda iBar-do'i-thos-grol okanye iNcwadi yabafileyo kumntu oza kufa okanye osele efile. Kolu fundo luqhutywayo, uya kunikwa izitshixo omele uzisebenzise kwaye ziya kukukhokela ngexesha eliphakathi elikwabizwa ngokuba yiBardo.
I-Bardo iya kuba yimeko ephakathi phakathi kobomi babini, kwaye umngcwabo uya kuqhubeka iintsuku ezingamashumi amane anesithoba. Ngeli xesha, izalamane kunye nabahlobo bomfi baya kunika iminikelo kumoya efana nokutya kunye neziselo.
Kwinkolo yeBuddhism, isiko ukutshisa imizimba, kodwa kukho iimeko apho ukungcwatywa kwamanzi kuqhutyelwa khona, okanye banquma ukushiya umzimba womntu oshonile kwindalo enzulu, ukuze ikwazi ukubola.
Emva kokuchitha iintsuku ezingamashumi amane anesithoba zokungcwatywa, amasiko omngcwabo aqala apho aya kuwulungisa umzimba nge-formalin ukuze uchithe iintsuku ezisixhenxe ezingakumbi endlwini yezalamane zakhe okanye yeyakhe. Ngaphambi kokuba sitshiswe.
Ngexesha lokuba nayo endlini, ifoto yomntu oswelekileyo kunye namakhandlela ambalwa amhlophe kufuneka abekwe phezu kwebhokisi kwaye amalungu entsapho anjengabo bebeze emngcwabeni kufuneka banxibe ihempe ezimhlophe okanye iimpahla ezinemibala emnyama kakhulu (emnyama. ).
Emva kokuba iveki epheleleyo iphelile, baqalisa ukuthandaza kuBhuda kwaye kuya kubekwa iqhiya ebusweni bomfi, emva koko iqhiya iya kubekwa phezu komzimba yaye ekugqibeleni ifakwe ngaphakathi kwebhokisi ukuze ukwazi ukuyibukela. . .
Ngaphambi kokutshiswa kwesidumbu somfi, kukho imisitho nezithethe zamaBhuda eziya kwenziwa kwindlu kamfi, ekufuneka ivulwe ukuze zonke izalamane nabahlobo bomfi zidibane. Iimonki nabafundisi boBuddhism badla ngokucula uthotho lweengoma kumanqanaba omsitho owenziwayo.
Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, ukunika imbeko umfi, kunyulwa indoda eza kuba yimonki engumBhuda okanye ibhinqa eliza kuba ngumama omhlophe, kodwa ubukhulu becala oku kwenziwa kwimingcwabo engokwesithethe.
Indoda ekhethiweyo kufuneka ichetywe entloko kwaye inxibe iimpahla zesintu zeemonki zamaBhuda, kwaye kwimeko yomfazi, kufuneka ifakwe ilokhwe emhlophe kwaye kufuneka iphephe ukuthetha kunye nokuchukumisa amadoda ukuze gcina ubuni bakhe, ubunyulu bakhe.
Ukongezelela, umfazi kufuneka ahlale emva kwebhokisi kwaye ezandleni zakhe uya kuthwala intambo emhlophe, eya kubonisa ubunyulu kunye nendlela omele uyilandele umoya womfi.
Kwiveki emva kokutshiswa kwesidumbu somfi, kufuneka kwenziwe enye yezithethe zobuBhuda njengembeko kuye, emva kokuba kugqitywe iintsuku ezingamashumi amane anesithoba eswelekile, kuya kwenziwa umsitho wokuthi ndlela-ntle umfi.
Ngelo xesha umntu sele egqibe unyaka wokufa, kufuneka kwenziwe umsitho, kwaye emva kweminyaka emithathu ixesha lokuzila liphela ngombhiyozo omkhulu.
Kwamanye amasebe obuBhuda umfi uzakwenzelwa umngcwabo weminyaka esixhenxe ezayo kwisithuba seentsuku ezingamashumi amane anesithoba. Yaye kunyaka wokuqala emva kokufa komntu, akukho nto ifanele yenziwe enokuzisa ulonwabo kwintsapho yalowo ungasekhoyo.
Izithethe zobuBhuda kunyaka omtsha
Kumazwe amaninzi le mibhiyozo itshintsha umhla, njengoko isaziwa ngabantu abaninzi umzekelo owaziwayo kukuba kumazwe amaninzi unyaka uqala nge-1 kaJanuwari njengoko kubhaliwe kwikhalenda kaGregory, kodwa kwamanye amazwe olu suku lutshintsha izithethe, iinkolelo kunye nezithethe zabemi bayo.
Kwimeko ethile, abantu baseTibet, abakwabizwa ngokuba yi-losar, babhiyozela unyaka wabo omtsha phakathi kweenyanga zikaJanuwari kunye nokuqala kukaFebruwari, njengoko kunokubonwa, umhla awuyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yaseTibet, kodwa kunokonwabela amava amaqela ahlukeneyo okwenzekayo, kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zobuBhuda ezikhoyo kwiqela ngalinye.
Nangona imikhosi eyenzeka kwinkcubeko yaseTibetan iyintsapho kwaye yiyo loo nto amasiko eBuddhism enziwa kwi-nucleus esondeleyo kunye nabantu abasondeleyo kwintsapho.
Kumzekelo ochane ngakumbi, kukho amalungu entsapho amaninzi atyelela iimonki kwiimonki nakwiitempile, apho enza amadini aze athabathe inxaxheba kwimisitho eyahlukahlukeneyo neyonqulo lobuBhuda.
Phakathi kwezona zithethe zidumileyo zobuBhuda ngomhla woNyaka oMtsha lidabi lamanzi elenzeka ezitalatweni zedolophu, kwesi sithethe sobuBhuda abantu baqala ukumanzisa, ngamanzi axutywe nomgubo ohlukeneyo onemibala.
Le mibala ixubene namanzi inenjongo yokuhlanjululwa kunye nokucoca izono zabantu, ukuze uqalise unyaka omtsha ngesimo sengqondo esihle, baqala ukucoca imifanekiso kaBuddha, nokuba kwiitempile, iimonki okanye nantoni na. ezifumaneka ezindlwini.
Bayenza ngamanzi anevumba elimnandi okanye amanzi anesiseko sokutsala amathamsanqa kunye nokuchuma okuninzi ngexesha lonyaka oza kuqala. Esinye isiko elimangalisayo lentanda-bulumko yamaBhuda kukuzisa intlabathi egcweleyo kwiitempile okanye kwizindlu zoonongendi zobuBhuda njengophawu lokungcola okuye kwathwalwa unyaka wonke, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba yayibubumdaka obuthwalwa ezinyaweni kulo nyaka wonke. .
Ezi ntlabathi zesanti ziqingqwe kwifotsholo kwiimfumba kwaye iiflegi ezinemibala zibekwe ukuhombisa ingcwele, enye yezithethe zobuBhuda ezaziwa kakhulu kwaye zisenziwa ngumngcelele wamaBuddha afunyanwa ngaphakathi kwiimonki kwaye athwalwa abantu abayifefa ngamanzi ukuze bafumane inzuzo. Amanye amasiko eBuddhism okuphela konyaka ami ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-Nyi-Shu-Gu kunye ne-Losar: kwizithethe zokuphela konyaka kwinkcubeko yaseTibetan inamacandelo amabini ahluke kakhulu kodwa ukuba ngexesha elifanayo lihlobene kakhulu, eyokuqala imalunga nokuvala unyaka odlulileyo kunye nokunika ukuvalwa kakuhle kuzo zonke ezo nkalo ezimbi kwaye kule nto. indlela yokukwazi ukuqalisa unyaka omtsha ngeyona ndlela ingcono yokuba ngunyaka onemveliso kunye nobuninzi kakhulu.
Kulwimi lwaseTibet igama elithi Losar lidla ngokubhekisa kwisithethe apho unyaka omtsha wamkelwa, yiyo loo nto eli nqaku. Lo ibhekisa kwigama elithi unyaka kunye nenqaku sar igxininise kwizinto ezintsha, kodwa kwezintsha neziyintabalala. Kwelinye icala, amagama athi yi-shu- abhekisela kwimihla yokugqibela yonyaka ongaphambili.
Nyi-Shu-Gu: Yaziwa ngokuba ngumhla wamashumi amabini anesithoba, ngale ndlela i-nyi-shu-gu iquka ukuhlanjululwa kwezindlu zethu kunye nemizimba yethu, isusa yonke into engathandekiyo esinayo, ukongeza kwimiqobo, ukungcola, ububi kunye nobubi kunye nokuziphatha okubi. izifo ezahlukeneyo ezisithwaxa umzuzu ngamnye.
Kwizithethe zobuBhuda, lo ngumhla apho zonke izithethe eziyimfuneko kufuneka zenziwe ukuze kwenziwe imithendeleko ibe ngcono, kuba into yokuqala ekufuneka yenziwe kukucoca ngokupheleleyo, kwaye sisithethe saseTibet Usuku lokugqibela lonyaka kufuneka wenze ukucoca ngokupheleleyo kwendawo kunye nawe.
Ngesi siko saseTibet, abantu baqala ukucoca indlu yabo ngendlela enzulu kakhulu, emva kokugqiba umsebenzi onzima kangaka baya kuhlamba kwaye bahlambe iinwele zabo ekubeni bonke abantu baqonda ukuba bahlambuluke kakhulu ukufumana unyaka omtsha.
Emva kokugqiba usuku lokucoca, kunye negumbi lokuhlambela libandakanyiwe, intsapho iqala ukuzonwabisa ngokutya isitya esihle kakhulu se-guthuk.
The Guthuk: Lelinye lamasiko obuBhuda asetyenziswa ekutyeni kuba yisuphu yenoodle eyaziwayo eTibet, igama layo elipheleleyo yithukpa bhatuk, kodwa ibizwa ngokuba yiguthuk, kwaye xa ityiwa ebusuku nezinye izithako kunye nezinto ezikhethekileyo. ngobusuku benyi-shu-gu.
Isuphu ilungiswa ngeenoodle ezincinci ezimile okweqokobhe ezenziwe ngesandla ngobusuku benyi-shu-gu. Ezinye izithako zivame ukufakwa kwesi sidlo, njenge: labu (i-radish yase-Asia), i-cheese eyomileyo, i-pepper, i-peas, phakathi kwabanye.
Isobho, xa ukongeza ezinye izithako, iba yi-guthuk enencasa kwaye xa bongeza umnxeba okhethekileyo kwisitya ngasinye. Ngaphakathi kwepleyiti enkulu yokutya kukho ibhola enkulu yentlama edla ngokufakwa ngaphakathi kwephepha elinophawu oluthile okanye into njengesipho okanye njengengxelo okanye i-mantra.
Kodwa yenziwe yankulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze yohlulwe kwezinye kwaye abantu abayi kuyitya ngempazamo kwaye batye umxholo. Ekubeni izinto ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwi-dumpling zenziwa ngendlela yehlaya.
Nangona amaxesha amaninzi izinto zi-positive, kukho amaxesha apho zibeka izinto ezigxekayo, umzekelo, zibeka ilahle lelahle kwaye litolikwa ukuba umntu unentliziyo yaloo mbala, kodwa ukuba ubeka iqhekeza loboya ngaphakathi. ubunzima bebhola oko kuthetha ukuba umntu unobubele kakhulu.
Ngexesha lokulungiswa kokutya okunencasa kwe-guthuk, kukho izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezinokungeniswa kwibhola enkulu yentlama, kwaye zinokutshintsha enye into kwenye, ide yenziwe kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo nakwimibhiyozo eyahlukeneyo.
Isithethe esisetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa i-negativity kwaye isebenza kakuhle kakhulu ukukhupha imimoya emibi kunye namandla amabi, ngaphezu kokugula kwikhaya kunye nomzimba wethu ngobo busuku obukhethekileyo bubizwa ngokuba yi-lue kunye ne-trilue.
Xa kuthethwa ngelue, ngumfanekiso wendoda eyenziwe ngomgubo ogcadiweyo onokuba yingqolowa, irhasi okanye irayisi ebizwa ngokuba yitsampa. Ikwaxutywe namanzi okanye iti. Kwaye lo mzobo uya kubonisa yonke into engafunwayo ekhaya.
Ngelixa i-trilue iziqwenga zenhlama efanayo eya kunikwa nganye yeendwendwe ngengcamango yokuba iya kugxotha yonke into embi ukusuka kwintlekele ukuya ekuguleni. La manani alungiswa ngaphambi kokuba ukutya okunencasa kweguthuk kulunge.
Okufuneka kwenziwe kukwenza indoda encinci, izihlwele kufuneka zibe nobukhulu bebhola ye-ping pong, kumntu ngamnye oya kuba sepatini kwaye abekwe kwi-plate endala kakhulu engenalo ixabiso elikhulu. ekubeni ukuba ekupheleni kobusuku esi sitya siya kungena emgqomeni.
La manani kufuneka abekelwe bucala de wonke umntu utye ukutya okumnandi kweGuthuk. Ukuze baqalise ukuvula iibhola zabo ezinkulu zentlama, inxalenye yesiko elenziwayo kukuba mabangatyi yonke i-guthuk.
Emva kokugqiba isidlo, banikwa inkitha kunye ne-lue kunye ne-trilue. Bamele bawakhande kakhulu kangangokuba izandla zabo ziwatshabalalise kwaye zibhalwe ngawo. Emva koko kumalungu omzimba wethu achaphazelekayo okanye abuhlungu kufuneka sibeke apho kwaye sibe nengqondo ephilileyo yokuba iya kunyamalala. Ngelixa umntu esenza oku, kufuneka athethe oku kulandelayo:
“Lo chik dawa chu-nyi
Shama sum-gya-druk-chu
Ndiyavuya kuba kaloku!”
Iguqulelwe kulwimi lwesiSpanish ithetha oku kulandelayo "Unyaka uneenyanga ezilishumi elinesibini, iintsuku ezingama-360. Yonke imiqobo kunye nezinto ezingathandekiyo, hamba!" Kuqhelekile ukuba kulo mbhiyozo kukho into encinci, njengolonwabo oluninzi, kodwa kunye nokudabuka. Kwenzeka okufanayo xa yonke intsapho kunye nabahlobo baqala ukuphula iibhola ezinkulu zenhlama.
Kodwa bonke abantu banomnqweno wokuba sempilweni ngokupheleleyo kwaye bakhululeke kuyo nayiphi na intlungu, emva koku ungabeka amadombolo okanye uqhube kwipleyiti ngelue, kwaye ukhuphe konke ukutya kwisuphu kwaye ukhanyise ikhandlela.
Nangona le nxalenye yokukhanyisa ikhandlela ayisosithethe kwiindawo ezininzi, kodwa into eqhelekileyo kwaye iphindaphinda kakhulu kukukhanyisa itotshi encinci egcwele iindiza kwaye uhambe nayo endlwini ukuze uphelise imimoya engendawo, uyenza ngokujikeleza indlu. ngocoselelo olukhulu kwaye uphinda eli binzana ngalo lonke ixesha: “Thoko ma!”. Eli gama liguqulelwe ngokuthi ububi buphuma.
Esi siko lenziwa ngenjongo yokukhupha imimoya emibi ezindlwini, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ishiye icocekile amandla amabi kunye nemimoya emibi enokuthi ihlale endlwini, oku kwenziwa ngemithandazo kunye nemithandazo emininzi, ngelixa behamba. ukujikeleza yonke indawo yendlu.
Emva kokutyhutyha indlu yonke ngetotshi, ibekwa kude nendlu kwicala elichaseneyo kunye nepleyiti ukuze yonke into itshiswe kwaye kupheliswe yonke imizila yamandla amabi anokuba uhlala endlwini.
Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba esi sithethe sisenziwa ngabantu baseTibet ngaphezu kwesiko lefilosofi yamaBhuda, kodwa lenziwa kwiindawo ezininzi kwiimonki kunye neemonki ezininzi zamaBhuda ukuze kuhlanjululwe indawo abahlala kuyo.
Emva kokuthatha isibane ngaphandle kwendlu kunye nemimoya emibi, balahleka kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwaye abazi ukuba babuyele njani ekhaya, kwaye intsapho iqala ukunandipha indawo ecocekileyo kunye nenempilo, ikhululekile kwimimoya emibi.
Elona xesha lifanelekileyo lokuqalisa unyaka omtsha kunye nokugxila kuwo onke amandla afanelekileyo ekudaleni okona kulungileyo kusapho kunye nokufumana unyaka omtsha onempilo eninzi kunye nokuchuma okuninzi.
I-Lozar: I-Losar ibhiyozelwa kwiBuddhism yaseTibetan njengoloyiso lokulungileyo phezu kobubi, kwaye lusuku olubaluleke kakhulu kubafundi abenza ubuBhuda. Ngenye imini ngaphambi konyaka omtsha, iimonki zeBuddhism ziqala ukwenza amaqebengwana, izonka, iilekese kunye neziqhamo kwizibingelelo zeentsapho, ukuze zihombise kuba lusuku olukhethekileyo lwentanda-bulumko yamaBhuda.
Bakwabeka into abayibiza ngokuba yiderga (amaqebengwana), ichang (ibhiya yerhasi), ityholo lengqolowa elityalwe kwiglasi ebizwa ngokuba yi<em>loboe kunye nesaphetha apho kubekwa khona umgubo nembewu yerhasi. Oku kwenziwa iintsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu zilandelelana ukutsala amathamsanqa kunye nokuchuma.
Lo mbhiyozo uthatha malunga neentsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu kwaye ungomnye wezithethe zeBuddhism ezihlala ixesha elide, kodwa ezona ntsuku zibalaseleyo zezokuqala zintathu kuba kulandelayo kwenziwa:
- Usuku lokuqala: Ngumhla apho iimonki zamaBhuda ziqala ukulungiselela isiselo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Changkol, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-koenden, ukusuka kwi-charanga, uhlobo lwebhiya yaseTibet, emva koko balungiselela into abayibiza ngokuba yi-khapse, uhlobo lwebhiskithi enebhotolo, iswekile yommoba. , iqanda namanzi.
Emva koko, ii-donuts zithosiwe kwaye ingulube eyahlukileyo, i-Tibetan yak kunye nezitya zeegusha zilungiswa. Kwaye amadini kwizithixo zobuBhuda nawo ayalungiswa. Konke ukutya kufakwa kwizikhongozeli zomthi ezinemibala eyahlukileyo.
Zonke ezi zithethe zeBuddhism zibhiyozelwa kwintsapho, nabamelwane bayamenywa, abafazi kufuneka bavuke kusasa ukuze bakwazi ukusebenzisa amanzi okuqala omlambo kunyaka omtsha. La manzi abekwe ngaphakathi kwesibingelelo esiza kunikelwa kuBuddha ukuzisa uxolo kunyaka omtsha.
Abantwana banxibe iimpahla ezintsha kwaye zonke iimonki kunye neentsapho zazo ziya kutshintshiselana ngemibuliso yoNyaka oMtsha ngokuqinisekisa eli binzana lilandelayo. Tashi Delek (Iintsikelelo kunye nethamsanqa).
- Usuku lwesibini: Usuku lwesibini lwalo mkhuba wamaBuddha lubizwa ngokuba yiGyalpo Losar okanye iLosar Rey, lusuku olubaluleke kakhulu kuba lugcinwe ukuba lukwazi ukuqala incoko kunye noDalai Lama kunye nezinye iinkokeli ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ukuthetha ngendlela yokukhanya kunye nokukhanya. i-nirvana.
- Usuku lwesithathu: lusuku olwaziwa ngokuba nguMkhuseli weLosar, usuku apho iimonki zeBuddhism kunye nabafundi baqala ukutyelela zonke iimonki kunye neetempile kwaye benze iminikelo ezibingelelweni zikaBuddha kunye nabakhuseli abahlukeneyo beDharma, kunye kunye nale nto Baphakamisa iiflegi zomthandazo okanye amahashe aziwa ngcono emoyeni, enye yezithethe zobuBhuda ezichazwe ngasentla. Ukusukela ngolu suku kuqalwa imibhiyozo yonyaka omtsha.
Izithethe zobuBhuda ukubiza ukuchuma
Njengoko sele kubonwe kulo lonke inqaku, kukho izithethe ezininzi zobuBhuda, ukongeza kwimisitho eyahlukeneyo kunye nezithethe onazo kule filosofi yobuBhuda, kodwa kunjalo kuba indala kakhulu kwaye abalandeli boBuddhism bazilandele zonke ezi. izithethe ngaphandle kokutyhafa kuba yinkolo yesine leyo ehlabathini enabalandeli abaninzi.
Uthotho lwezithethe zamaBhuda ziyenziwa ukubiza impumelelo kunye nobutyebi, kodwa enye yezona zithethe zisetyenziswayo zamaBhuda ukutsala ubutyebi kukubeka iGolden Buddha okanye iMoney Buddha, ngumfanekiso kaBuddha apho abambe igolide ngesandla esinye. ingot, kwaye kwelinye icala uphethe ibhegi enkulu.
Umzobo weGolden Buddha unenjongo yokuphakamisa amandla abantu okupha kunye nokwamkela, ngale ndlela utsala amandla amahle kwaye uvula indlela yokuba imali kunye nobutyebi buhambe.
Isiko lemali kaBuddha: Ukukwazi ukwenza isiko lemali kuBuddha, kufuneka ibekwe ngasekhohlo kwendlu, emva koko yenza iminikelo yerayisi, iziqhamo kunye neenkozo ezahlukeneyo njengomnikelo, oku kuya kutsala ubuninzi kunye nobutyebi, kodwa kakhulu. okubalulekileyo kwisithethe semali kaBuddha kukwenza imithandazo mihla le ukuze ibe yinyaniso. Umthandazo wokuchuma kukaBuddha umi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
"Owu uBuddha onamandla nomkhulu,
uze kum ngoku
ngamandla amakhulu
ukuphucula ngokupheleleyo ithamsanqa lam,
ukususa yonke into endithintelayo,
kakuhle ndiyazi uzakundinceda
kuyo yonke into endiyicelayo kuwe,
uya kundilinda
endinika ukhuseleko kunye nolonwabo
Egameni likaThixo
ngenxa yobubele bakhe obungenasiphelo nenceba yakhe.
Umoya omkhulu kaBuddha uphakamile kwaye unyulu,
thumela ukukhanya kwakho ukusuka kwindawo engapheliyo
uhlala phi,
siphe oko sikucelayo
ukhanyise indlela yethu.”
Abantu abaninzi baye bachaza ukuba ngokuphindaphinda umthandazo ngokholo, kufuneka bacinge ukuba imali kunye nobutyebi ziyeza ngoko kuya kusebenza ngcono, ngelixa abanye abantu bathi kungcono ukusasaza iminikelo enikezelwa kwi-Golden Buddha kulo lonke igumbi. nendlu ukuba enze oko akuceliweyo kuye.
Kodwa into eyinyani kukuba kwesi sithethe soBuddhism sineenguqulelo ezininzi kodwa ziqinisekisa ukuba impumelelo iya kuza ukuba wenza ngokholo, ngezi ndlela bonke benza oku kulandelayo: beka umfanekiso kaBuddha wegolide ngasekhohlo. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuvulwa komnyango omkhulu wendlu kunye nokubeka izinto ezintlanu ezijikeleze umfanekiso, ezi zilandelayo:
- Umlilo: inokuba likhandlela okanye isiqhumiso sesandalwood ngokukhethekayo.
- Umhlaba: iquartz yayo nayiphi na isayizi.
- Isinyithi: Iingqekembe ezintathu zamaTshayina ezidityaniswe neribhoni ebomvu, ziqinisekisa ukuba icala le<em>yang lazo, elo ekuvela kuzo oonobumba abane abakroliweyo baseTshayina, lijonge phezulu.
- Amanzi: ikomityi okanye iglasi yamanzi, ekufuneka itshintshwe yonke imihla. Oku kunokuthatyathwa okanye kugalelwe kwitanki yeentlanzi okanye emthonjeni.
- Ukhuni: i-bamboo yaseTshayina okanye intyatyambo inokubekwa.
Ukuhleka kweBuddha Rite: Yinto ebizwa ngokuba nguBuddha otyebileyo okanye uBuddha woncumo, isetyenziselwa ukwenza impumelelo, kodwa nolonwabo, ngalo Buddha unokuba nalo ekhayeni lakho okanye kwishishini lakho, lelinye lawona manani axhaphakileyo kaBuddha. ngokuba mhle kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuba yenye yezona zidumileyo ezikhoyo.
Ngesithethe sikaBuddha omomothekayo kunokwenzeka ukutsala ulonwabo kunye nempumelelo kodwa inokwenziwa ngeentsuku ezimbini kuyo nayiphi na inyanga kwaye kulapho inyanga entsha ingena okanye xa inyanga epheleleyo.
Abasebenzi bentanda-bulumko kaBhuda bahlala beyenza isebenze ukuze ube nokuchuma, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwinto oyifunayo, kuya kufuneka usebenzise umbala kunye nokubaluleka, kodwa oku kulandelayo kuyacetyiswa:
- Ukuchuma: sebenzisa i-essence ye-tangerine, i-sinamoni okanye i-coconut kunye ne-orenji okanye amakhandlela aphuzi.
- Impilo: Undoqo we-eucalyptus, ilamuni, i-mint okanye ipayini kunye namakhandlela aluhlaza okanye amhlophe asetyenziswa
- Uthando: i-essence yesinamoni, i-orange blossom, i-cloves, i-jasmine okanye i-roses ifanelekile. Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa amakhandlela apinki okanye abomvu
Elona xesha lilungileyo lokwenza isiko likaBuddha oncumileyo kusebusuku xa ungena kwinyanga entsha okanye inyanga epheleleyo njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile yileta kwaye ubeke yonke into kuyo. kukuchuma, uthando okanye impilo.
Imizekelo esikunika yona kweli nqaku yile ilandelayo, ukuba ufuna ukubhala ukutsala uthando lobomi bakho kufuneka ubhale ngale ndlela ilandelayo “ukunika umbulelo ngeqabane eligqibeleleyo eliya kuza kuwe, lizele luthando nentlonipho ukukunika”
Ukuba ufuna ukwenza ileta efuna ukuba impumelelo ize ebomini bakho, kufuneka ubhale ngolu hlobo lulandelayo "Ndiyabulela ngemali efunyenweyo, enkosi ngayo yonke into ondinike yona, uBhuda ononcumo olukhulu kunye nemali efunyenweyo kwaye ubeka isixa esihlala sibulela"
Enye yezona ngongoma zinomdla ezenziwa kwizithethe zobuBhuda kuxa bebuza uBuddha omomothekayo ngempilo kuba abantu abaninzi bephethwe zizifo ezininzi kwaye umzekelo othile ngulo: uyabulela kuba unempilo egqibeleleyo, iiseli ezisempilweni, umzimba okwimeko egqibeleleyo namandla amaninzi mihla le.
Kule bloko kugxininiswe ukuba imizekelo kuphela ibekwe, kodwa wena, mfundi othandekayo, unokubhala ileta njengoko unqwenela, kodwa usoloko ucela ukubonga kuyindlela engcono kakhulu. Emva kokugqiba ileta kufuneka ucofe amakhandlela ombala ofuna ukuwucela ukuze wenze isiko kwaye ucele kuphela ngokholo ukuba kuya kuzaliseka.
Emva kokuba sele ucelile, khanyisa ikhandlela kwaye ulishiye likhanyisiwe, chitha ixesha elithile ucamngca kungekho mntu ukuphazamisayo kwaye ugqibezele isiko, utshise ileta ngento oyicelileyo, ihlala kuphela phakathi kukaBuddha omkhulu oncumileyo kunye nawe.
Umthendeleko wamaBhuda
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiLosar, kodwa imibhiyozo ixhomekeke kwilizwe apho ikhoyo, kuba amasiko eBuddhism athambekele ekutshintsheni kancinci ngokwendawo, nangona iinyanga ziqala ngoJanuwari kwaye zihlala kude kube sekuqaleni kukaFebruwari. le mibhiyozo Babandakanya inani lezithethe zamaBhuda, phakathi kwezona ziphambili sinazo ezi zilandelayo:
Usuku lweVesak okanye uBuddha: Ithathwa njengolona suku lubaluleke kakhulu kwiimonki kunye nabasebenzi boBuddhism, kwaye esi sithethe sibhiyozelwa kwinyanga kaMato xa inyanga epheleleyo ibonakala. yiyo loo nto lelinye lawona masiko abalulekileyo eBuddhism akhoyo.
Ibhiyozelwa ngawo onke amasebe obuBhuda akhoyo namhlanje, kwaye yamiselwa ukusukela ngo-1950, kodwa phambi kokuba ibhiyozelwe, into eyenzekayo kukuba loo nyaka uthathwe njengereferensi kuba inkomfa yeWorld Fellowship of Bhuda yayibanjwe. .
Kule nkomfa, ukuzibophelela kweemonki zamaBhuda ukuthatha ukuzimisela ukuhlala ngokulula kunye nobuhandiba, kodwa ukusebenza ekuphuhliseni ingqondo eqhuba ububele, uthando kunye nokusoloko befuna uxolo kuzo zonke iimeko ezikhoyo kuthathwa njengeyona nto iphambili.
Usuku lweMagha Puja: Kwesi siko lenziwa ngendlela yombhiyozo ekubeni iyintshumayelo yokuqala uBuddha ayinikela kwinani elikhulu labafundi, ekubeni kuthiwa kwakukho abafundi abangaphezu kwe-1200 abaweva amazwi angcwele kaBuddha.
Ukususela kuloo mzuzu, ukusekwa kweenjongo eziphambili zobuBhuda kunye nenjongo enkulu ngokubanzi yokufikelela kwi-nirvana yabhengezwa, esi sithethe sikwabaluleke kakhulu kwiBuddhism, ibhiyozelwa kwinyanga epheleleyo kodwa kwinyanga yesithathu yenyanga.
Ngokuyenza ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ugqirha unokucoca umoya wakhe kunye nengqondo yakhe kwaye ngaloo ndlela ugweme ukwenza izono, kumazwe afana neThailand, iLaos neCambodia, eTibet yaziwa ngokuba ngumthendeleko weChotrul Duchen; Ikwabhiyozelwa nakwamanye amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia.
Uposatha: Sisithethe esibhiyozelwa ngexesha leenyanga ezigcweleyo ngokwesithethe samaBhuda kwinyanga yenyanga kunokubakho phakathi kwe-Uposatha ezimbini nezintandathu. Eli gama lithetha usuku lokuzila ukutya okanye ukuzila ukutya imini yonke, kuba iimonki zamaBhuda ukuzila ukutya ukusuka ekuphumeni kwelanga ukuya emini emaqanda, apho banokuphinda batye ukutya.
Ukwenza oku ngokukhawuleza kukuvumela ukuba uthembeke ngakumbi kwintanda-bulumko yeBuddhism kwaye ukwandise ukuzinikela kwakho kuBuddha, kunokuhlaziya inkqubo yeDharma.
Songkran: Itheko loNyaka oMtsha eThailand kodwa libhiyozelwa ngenyanga ka-Epreli phakathi kwe-13 kunye ne-15. Lelinye lamasiko adumileyo kwidabi lamanzi anemibala abalisebenzisayo kwaye kuba lihlala iintsuku ezintathu zilandelelana.
Kodwa ngezo ntsuku kukwakho ukudibana kweentsapho ezininzi kwaye zihlaziya amaqhina osapho kunye nothando kwaye zihlonele oyena mdala ngokwenza imisitho yenkcubeko kunye nezithethe ezinkulu zookhokho.
Ukuba ulifumene eli nqaku malunga neRites of Buddhism libalulekile, ndiyakumema ukuba undwendwele la makhonkco alandelayo: