I-Crab sisidalwa esihlala sifumaneka kwiilwandle naphi na emhlabeni. Ibonisa ubukhulu obahlukeneyo phakathi kweentlobo zayo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ikholisa ukuhlala kumanzi amtyuba. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-omnivorous, nangona iintlobo ezithile zikhethekileyo njenge-carnivorous okanye i-herbivorous. Ukwazi ukuba yintoni i-Crabs edlayo ngokohlobo ngalunye, siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunda eli nqaku.
Utya ntoni oCrabs?
Oononkala liqela leecrustaceans ezizezohlobo lweDecapoda. Lo myalelo uquka malunga ne-15.000 leendidi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka iiprawn neeprawn. Oononkala badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ecosystem yabo, njengezilwanyana ezizingelayo ezibalulekileyo nanjengelona xhoba lithandayo lezilwanyana ezizidlayo zasemanzini ezininzi. Ukongeza koku, njengoko siza kuphonononga kamva, ezinye zazo zibalulekile kuhlaziyo lwezinto eziphilayo.
Iimpawu zoononkala
Ezi zilandelayo zezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zomzimba kunye nokuziphatha koononkala:
- iithegi: umzimba wayo uhlukaniswe kwi-cephalothorax, ebandakanya intloko kunye nenxalenye yethorax, kunye ne-pleon, eyona nto eyaziwa ngokuba "ngumsila". Nangona kunjalo, le yokugqibela inokuncitshiswa kakhulu.
- i-exoskeleton: Oononkala zizidalwa ezine-exoskeleton, eyi-skeleton yangaphandle eyenziwe nge-chitin. Ukongeza kuyo, inokuqulunqwa nge-calcium carbonate kwaye ibonakale yomelele kakhulu, ngaloo ndlela ibumba uhlobo lweqokobhe.
- Guqula: njengoko zikhula, i-exoskeleton "incinci kubo". Ke ngoko, njengazo zonke ii-arthropods, ziyayichitha kwaye zenze entsha.
- Iipaw: Njengazo zonke ii-decapods, oononkala banemilenze eyi-10. Kwi-cephalothorax banamaqela ama-5. Abokuqala bawasebenzisela ukutya baze abanye bahambe, oko kukuthi, bawasebenzisela ukuhamba. Kwipleon banezinye iipere ezi-5 zemilenze abayisebenzisayo ukudada.
- Tweezers: rhoqo, ezi zilwanyana zinemilenze yemilenze eguqulelwe kwi-pincers. Bakhonza ukuzikhusela kwaye bazondle ngokwabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zincinci kwimazi.
- ukutshintshiselana ngerhasi epheleleyo: oononkala baphefumla ngesikhumba sabo ngenxa yeegill abanazo emazantsi emilenze yabo, ekhuselwe yi-exoskeleton.
- igastric Mill: eli ligama elinikwa isisu soononkala. Zizakhiwo ezidilikayo kwaye zihluze ukutya. Xa kufikwa ekuqondeni ukuba injani na inkqubo yokutyisa kwabo, le yenye yeempawu ezifanelekileyo zoononkala.
- Iimvakalelo: oononkala banamehlo adibeneyo ahlala okanye ahlelwe kwi-appendage ehambayo. Bakwane-appendages ebuthathaka kunye neeperi ezimbini ze-eriyali, ngenxa yokuba bayayibona indawo ebangqongileyo.
- ukuveliswa kwe-oviparous: Ezi zidalwa zizala ngokubeka amaqanda. Imazi iyawathwala aze awaqandusele.
- uphuhliso olungathanga ngqo: kwiqanda kuphuma umbungu obizwa ngokuba yi "nauplius" okhokelela kubukho beplanktonic. Lo mbungu utyhubela inkqubo ye-metamorphosis de ube ngumntu omdala esiwuqondayo sonke.
- indawo yokuhlala ye-benthic: Ngaphandle kwezinto ezithile, oononkala bahlala emilanjeni okanye emazantsi olwandle. Oku kukhethekileyo kunokusikhokela malunga nokuba oononkala batya ntoni.
Ukutya koMlambo oononkala
Iintsapho i-Astacidae, iParastacidae kunye neCambaridae zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yicrayfish. Ezi crustaceans zihlala emazantsi emilambo kunye nezinye iindawo ezinamanzi acwengileyo, apho zizimele kumarhamncwa afana ne-mustelids. Njengenxalenye yokutya kwabo, zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo ebhedini zibandakanyiwe. Zizidalwa ezi-omnivorous kwaye ziyakwazi ukubhuqa i-algae, ii-invertebrates ezithobekileyo, iintlanzi, kunye ne-carrion. Ngoko ke, zibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kwezidumbu ezifakwe ebhedini, ngaloo ndlela zithintela ukuqokelela kwazo.
Phakathi kwezinye zeentlobo ze-crayfish sinokuzihlukanisa:
- I-crayfish yaseYurophu (iAustropotamobius pallipes)
- Unonkala obomvu waseMelika (Procambarus clarkii)
Yintoni Ukutya Koononkala baseLwandle?
Oononkala baselwandle benza iqela elahluke kakhulu leecrustaceans. Kuyo sinokufumana iindidi ezininzi zoononkala, abanje nge hermits (Paguroidea), spiny lobster (Palinuridae) kunye noninzi lwebrachyurans (Brachyura).
Ukwazi ukuba ukutya oononkala baselwandle akuyondlwan’ iyanetha, kuba ukutya kwezi zilwanyana kuya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo oluthile, indawo ezihlala kuyo kunye nendlela eziphila ngayo. Ngoko ke, ukuze sazi ukuba zitya oononkala baselwandle, kufuneka sizidibanise ngokohlobo lwazo lokutya, oko kukuthi, ukuba zizidla inyama, zizilwanyana ezitya utyani okanye ii-omnivores.
Izilwanyana ezidla inyama
Oononkala abadla inyama badla ngokuba ne-benthic, oko kukuthi, batya izilwanyana ezihlala ezantsi kolwandle, ezifana neecrustaceans kunye neemolluscs. Nangona kunjalo, abanye baye baziwa ukuba ekugqibeleni badle i-algae. Phakathi kweentlobo ze-carnivorous crabs zi:
- Unonkala (Cancer pagurus)
- Unonkala oluhlaza wekhephu (Chionoecetes opilio)
Ukutya izilwanyana
Ezi zidalwa zaselwandle zitya kakhulu amagqabi kunye namahlumelo ezityalo, ezikude nonxweme kunye nonxweme. Ezi ziquka i-algae, ingca yolwandle kunye ne-mangroves. Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza kwisidlo sabo banokutya i-invertebrates encinci kakhulu. Njengomzekelo wesi silwanyana saselwandle esitya utyani sinoononkala bemangrove (Aratus pisonii). Sisidalwa esise-arboreal, yiyo loo nto ababhali abathile beyichaza njenge-semi-terrestrial.
iiomnivores
Ukutya okwahlukeneyo okukhoyo kooononkala be-omnivorous kubavumela ukuba baziqhelanise kakuhle nendalo eyahlukeneyo. Njengenxalenye yokutya koononkala abakolu didi, sinokufumana ii-invertebrates ezincinci, i-algae kunye ne-carrion. Njengemizekelo yoononkala baselwandle omnivorous singacaphula oku kulandelayo:
- Unonkala oBlue (Callinectes sapidus)
- Unonkala weKhokhonathi (Birgus latro)
Zitya ntoni iiLand Crabs?
Sinokuthi abo bachitha ixesha elininzi lomjikelo wabo wobomi bephuma emanzini bahlelwa njengoononkala. Nangona kunjalo, imibungu yabo iphila emanzini kwaye iimazi zibuyela elwandle ukuze zizale. Ukongeza koku, bafuna ukuhlala kwiindawo ezifumileyo ukuze iigill zabo zihlale zimanzi. Oononkala badla ngokuba zizilwanyana ezitya utyani. Ukutya kwabo kusekelwe kwiziqhamo kunye namagqabi, nangona behlala bezondla kwi-carrion kunye nee-invertebrates ezincinci.
Njengezinye zeentlobo zoononkala basemhlabeni sinokuzikhankanya:
- Unonkala oBomvu (Gecarcinus lateralis)
- Unonkala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Cardisoma guanhumi)
Zizigcina njani ii-Aquarium Crabs?
Oononkala zizidalwa ekufanele ziphile kwimeko yazo yendalo kwaye njengenxalenye ye-ecosystem yazo, hayi kwi-aquarium. Noko ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, maxa wambi sizifumana sikwimfuno yokunyamekela unonkala esingenakukwazi ukubuyela ekhayeni lakhe. Ukuba le yimeko yakho kwaye uyazibuza ukuba yintoni etyiwa ngoononkala base-aquarium, siza kukunika imikhondo.
Ukutya koononkala base-aquarium kuya kuxhomekeka kwindawo abaphila kuyo, indlela yokuphila kunye nokuba zeziphi iintlobo zazo. Eyona nto ilula kakhulu kukwazi kakuhle malunga nokutya kwabo kwendalo kwaye uzame ukuyixelisa. Kuphela ngale ndlela inokuqinisekiswa ngokufanelekileyo ukutya okufanelekileyo. Ukuba usenamathandabuzo, into elungileyo onokuyenza kukucela ingcebiso kwingcali enokusikhokela.
Njengenxalenye yohlobo loononkala esihlala sibabona kwii-aquariums zezi:
- I-European fiddler crab (Uca tangeri): yi-semi-terrestrial crustacean, enesondlo se-omnivorous esikutya kwayo kwenziwa ikakhulu ngamantlenge agcwele izondlo, ezifana ne-microalgae. Njengenxalenye yokutya kwabo singakwazi ukufumana izityalo zomgxobhozo, inkunkuma kunye ne-carrion.
- Unonkala obomvu (Neosarmatium meinerti): sithetha ngoononkala bamanzi etyuwa, i-arboreal ebudaleni bayo. Ngokulinganayo i-omnivorous, nangona itya, ngakumbi amagqabi e-mangrove kunye namahlumela. Isenokutya inkunkuma yamagqabi, i-algae kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci ezingenamqolo.
- I-Rainbow Crab (Cardisoma armatum): Ngunonkala womhlaba owondla kakhulu amagqabi, iziqhamo, iintyatyambo, ooqongqothwane kunye nezinye izinambuzane.
- I-Panther crab (Parathelphusa pantherina): yi-crustacean yamanzi kwaye, ngoko ke, i-omnivorous etya yonke into.
Curiosities
- Amazinyo oononkala abekwe esiswini sakhe.
- Owona unonkala mkhulu owaziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku wafunyanwa eMaryland. Indoda yobude obuyi 9 intshi.
- Emva kokulahlekelwa nguzipho, unonkala unokuwukhulisa kwakhona.
- Oononkala bakwabizwa ngokuba yi-decapods, kuba benemilenze elishumi (i-deca) (iipods). Imilenze yokuqala emibini iboniswa njenge pincers, ebizwa ngokuba yi-chelae ngokwebhayoloji.
- Iinkunzi zinezisu ezimxinwa, ngelixa iimazi zinesisu esibanzi.
- Unonkala wesigcawu waseJapan unokubonisa ukwahlukana phakathi kwemilenze emi-3 ukuya kwi-4 yeemitha, enokufikelela kwiimitha ezisi-8 xa iye yandiswa.
- Unonkala wesigcawu saseJapan, ukongezelela ekubeni ngowona mdala, ukwakholelwa ukuba ngowona uphila nzulu, kunye nowona unexesha elide lokuphila.
- Oononkala baseHermit, oononkala benkosi, oononkala beehorseshoe, noononkala beporcelain ayingoononkala bokwenyani, kuba abangoononkala.
- Oononkala beFiddler banozipho olukhulu kwelinye icala, abanokuthi baluphakamise kwisenzo esibonakala ngathi silinganisa umntu odlala ivayolin.
- Owona ononkala unemibalabala ehlabathini ngunonkala waseSally Lightfoot. Ibonisa imibala ebomvu, e-orenji, etyheli namhlophe.
- Oononkala bangahlala emhlabeni, ukuba nje bekwazi ukugcina iigill zabo zifumile. Oku kusenokwenzeka ukuba sesinye sezizathu zokuba uya kubona oononkala kufutshane kakhulu namaza, elunxwemeni.
- Iindidi zoononkala abatyiwa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele ngoononkala baseJapan okanye oononkala.
- Oononkala badla ngokubiliswa besaphila, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo nentsomi edumileyo, zombini oononkala kunye neelobster zinokuva iintlungu kwaye kaninzi ungalibali ukusinda.
- Kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zaseMpuma Asia, i-roe, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-ovarian egg mass, isadliwa njengoko ithathwa njengomthombo obalaseleyo we-omega-3 fatty acids.
- Oononkala banxibelelana ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo banxibelelana ngokubetha iinzipho zabo okanye ngokushukuma iintsiba zabo.
- Oononkala badume ngokusebenza njengeqela. Asebenza kunye ukuze alungiselele ukutya aze akhusele iintsapho zawo. Ngexesha lokukhwelana, iinkunzi zikhangela indawo ekhululekileyo yokuba imazi ikhuphe amaqanda ayo.
- Ukuhamba nokuqubha ukuya emacaleni oononkala kudla ngokutsala ingqalelo.
- Uyakwazi ukubona isini sikanonkala ngokujonga phantsi kweqokobhe lakhe. Iimazi zihlala zibonisa idome, ngelixa amadoda abonisa umphandle welungu.
Amanye amanqaku esingathanda ukuwacebisa ngala: