Yintoni amanundu? Iintlobo kunye neempawu ▷➡️ Postposmo

Inundu laziwa njengesinambuzane esinephiko elinexolo, elithi, njengamabhabhathane, likhule ngokutshintshatshintsha lidlule kumanqanaba aliqela de libe sisinambuzane esikhulileyo. Badume ngobukho babo obungafunwayo kwiikhabhathi zethu kunye neewadi apho, njengezinambuzane, zonakalisa ukutya kunye nempahla. Njengoko uqhubeka ufunda uya kufunda ngakumbi ngamanundu.

Yintoni amanundu?

Igama elithi nundu liye lahlelwa kuqala kwiinambuzane ezahlukeneyo eziphuphuma kukutya okuthile okanye kwizinto zendlu ezifana nempahla okanye ifenitshala. Ikwabhekisa rhoqo kuyo yonke iLepidoptera yasebusuku, nokuba ayinabungozi.

Nangona ingachanekanga ncam, igama elithi nundu lisetyenziswa rhoqo ukubhekisa kumabhabhathane asebusuku, akhiwe ngodidi olukhulu lweLepidoptera ngaphandle kokuhlelwa kwetaxonomic, kodwa aqokelelwe phantsi kweHeterocera.

Inundu ngokuyintloko libizwa ngokuba ziindidi ngeendidi zamabhabhathane anobungakanani obundilisekileyo kunye nemikhwa yasebusuku enemibungu egubungela ukutya okugciniweyo okanye izinto zasekhaya ezinjengempahla nephepha. Ziyizinambuzane zeLepidoptera odolo, njengamabhabhathane, iqela elinobukho obukhulu bezinambuzane. Igama elithi lepidoptera livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi "lepis" elithetha "izikali" kunye ne "ptera" elithetha "amaphiko".

Iimpawu zenundu

Iimpawu zezi zinambuzane zenza kube lula ukwahlula kwabanye, njengamabhabhathane, adla ngokufana kakhulu nezi. Nazi ezinye zezinto eziphambili eziyiphawulayo:

Umzimba

Ibonisa i-torso enkulu apho imilenze kunye namaphiko avela khona. Ekubeni amaphiko azo egqunywe ngamaxolo, xa ewabamba adla ngokukhulula uhlobo oluthile lothuli oluncamathele eminweni. Banezixhobo zomlomo ezide nezijijekileyo, njengolwimi abalusebenzisa ukufunxa ulwelo.

Ukutya

I-Moths iklasi yezinambuzane ze-saprophagous, oko kukuthi, zidla izinto eziphilayo, ngoko zinokuba zizinambuzane. Ngexesha lokukhula kwabo batya izinto ezahlukeneyo ezihluka ngokweentlobo. Nangona kunjalo, ebudaleni abanye abadli, kodwa bazinikele ekondleni imibungu yabo. I-Larval moths idla ngokutya izicubu ezivela kwimithombo yendalo (uboya, isikhumba, njl.) kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala, ezibangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiimpahla zethu, amakhethini, njl.

Ixesha lobomi

Amanundu amadala ahlala ixesha elifutshane kakhulu. Emva kokukhulula amaqanda azo, iimazi ziphila ukusuka kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kweziyi-16 ngaphezulu, ngelixa iinkunzi zingaphila phantse inyanga. Ixesha elithatha ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya kumntu omdala lingahluka ukusuka kwinyanga enye ukuya kwezintathu kwaye ubukho bayo bonke bunokuhlala iminyaka emithathu okanye ngaphezulu.

Indawo yokuhlala

Amanundu adla ngokubekwa phezu kwezityalo. Ziyakwazi ukuphila kuzo zonke iindawo zelizwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica kwaye zihlala zininzi kwaye zahluka kwiindawo ezitshisayo. Kukho iindidi ezininzi phantse kuzo zonke iintlobo zendalo, ukusuka kwintlango ukuya ezintabeni, kubandakanya imigxobhozo kunye namahlathi.

Umjikelo wokuzala wamanundu

Ezi zinambuzane zizala ngokwesondo emva koko zibe namantshontsho ngamaqanda, oko kukuthi, zi-oviparous. Ziyi-holometabolous, oko kukuthi, ukuguqulwa okanye i-metamorphosis ye-moths iqulethwe ngamanqanaba amane: iqanda, i-larva, i-chrysalis kwaye ekugqibeleni imeko yokukhula. Xa kukhangelwa iqabane, imazi inoxanduva lokuvelisa iipheromones ukuze zinukelwe yinkunzi, eza kutsaleleka kwinundu eliyimazi ukuze liqalise ukuqhamisa amaqanda.

Nje ukuba isibini samanundu zidityaniswe kwakhona, siqhubela phambili ngokudibanisa izisu kwaye inkunzi isebenzisa izihlomelo ezimfutshane ezibizwa ngokuba zizivalo ukuze zibambelele kwimazi kwaye ngaloo ndlela zikwazi ukuqalisa ukuzala. Oku kuvalwa kwakhona kunenjongo yokungayeki inkqubo ukuba kunokwenzeka ukubaleka kwixhoba. Ngethuba le nkqubo, i-spermatophore, i-sac okanye i-capsule equkethe isidoda kunye nezondlo zokuphuhliswa kombungu, ifakwe ngokupheleleyo kwisini sesini sesini yindoda ngexesha lokudibanisa.

Le sac ke igcinwa kwi-bursa copulatrix, eyindawo yokuzala ye-female moth. Le nkqubo inokuqhutywa yimazi enamadoda ahlukeneyo phambi kokuba ibeke amaqanda. Xa amaqanda edibene nedlozi, ibhinqa linoxanduva lokuwabeka. Inani lamaqanda aza kubekwa liya kuxhomekeka kumthamo wohlobo ngalunye; ezinye zinokubeka ukuya kutsho kumaqanda angama-300 ngaxeshanye, ngelixa ezinye zikhupha amaqanda ayi-100 kuphela.

Inqanaba leqanda

Amaqanda anokulungelelaniswa kwisebe lomthi okanye isityalo, kwiindawo ezinomthunzi, ezifudumele kunye nezifumileyo, kwaye ukukhula kwabo kunokuthatha iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-21. Ngokunjalo, ixesha lokuqandusela liyaguquguquka kuba lixhomekeke kwiimeko ezikuyo. Ukongeza kule nto, iyakwazi ukuhluka ngokweentlobo zenundu ekuthethwa ngayo, kwaye inokuhamba ukusuka kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.

ILarva okanye iCaterpillar Stage

Kwesi sigaba umbala wayo unokutshintsha ngokweentlobo; inokuba luhlaza, imdaka, imnyama okanye imhlophe. Apha iqalisa ukutya izityalo, iziqhamo, imicu okanye iinkuni. Ngenqanaba lombungu, ukukhangela indawo yokukhusela kuqala ukuze kuqhutyekwe nesigaba esilandelayo sale nkqubo.

Chrysalis okanye Pupa Stage

Esi sigaba kukuhamba kombungu ukuya kwisinambuzane esinamaphiko. I-chrysalis linqanaba apho amaphiko enundu aya kwenziwa khona ukuze akhule abe ngumntu omdala. Le pupa idla ngokuba nesheath yesilika enokuthi yenze kwisityalo okanye ngaphantsi komhlaba. Ngeli nqanaba inundu alityi nantoni na, kodwa libonisa inani elibalulekileyo lotshintsho lwemetabolism.

Ubude balo mjikelo bunokwahluka ukusuka kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo. Kwiimeko ezithile, le nkqubo ithatha amabhu ubusika bonke, ilindele ukuba iimeko ezifanelekileyo ziphume. Ngexesha lokuhamba, inundu inoxanduva lokwaphula isigqubuthelo. Emva koko, irhubuluzela kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ize isebenzise umoya ukwandisa amaphiko ayo.

Inqanaba labantu abadala

Kweli nqanaba, inundu inokuphila njengomntu omdala ubomi bayo bonke, inyamekela kuphela ukutya kunye nokuzala, kunye nokuphindaphinda umjikelezo wobomi. Zinokubonwa xa inundu sele ibonisa isisu esidumbe ngokwaneleyo kunye namaphiko awandisiweyo ukuze iqalise iindiza zayo. Oku kwenzeka, emva kweeyure ezimbalwa, ngokulawula ukuhambisa i-hemolymph ukuya emacaleni, oku kuba yinqanaba xa likhupha kwi-cocoon.

Obu bomi buthanda ukuba bufutshane xa buthelekiswa namanye amanqanaba. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kuxhomekeka kwiintlobo kwaye inokuhlala kwiinyanga ezi-9 ukuya kwezi-10.

iintlobo zenundu

Ehlabathini lonke unokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezininzi zeenundu eziye zaqhelaniswa neemeko zokusingqongileyo zendawo apho zifumaneka khona. Kwiindidi ezili-120.000 ezaziwayo, zimbalwa zazo ezinokugqalwa njengezona zinambuzane zibe yingxaki. Ekhaya, bahlala beyingxaki kuba bondla amalaphu, ngokonakalisa iimpahla. Abanye batyekele ekutyeni ekutyeni okugciniweyo.

Zonke iinundu zicwangciswe ubuncinane kwiiproles ezine zomyalelo weLepidoptera, i-tineidae, i-pyralids, i-geléquids kunye ne-tortricids, kodwa kukho ezinye ngokunjalo. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeetinnitus ekufuneka sibhekisele kuzo ngokuthe ngqo:

UTineola bisselliella Yimpahla eqhelekileyo yenundu, etshabalalisa amalaphu oboya. Ngokungafane zibesisi-7 ukuya kwi-8 yeemilimitha ubude, zibonisa umbala okhethekileyo emaphikweni azo, zidla ngokubonwa ngamaphiko amdaka ngoboya obude.
UTinea pellionella Luhlobo lwe-porta-case, ethiywe ngetyala abalenzayo ukuthwala imibungu yabo, ekwazizifunxi-gazi ezimpahleni.
I-Trichophaga tapetzella luhlobo olukhoyo kwiiragi.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeepiralidi ezinemibungu ehlasela ukutya okuziinkozo kunye nokutya okugciniweyo, apho kongezwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo eziphazamisa i-hives, ezibangela umonakalo kwiikholoni. Kufanelekile ukucaphula:

igalari ye-melonella, iindidi zeenyosi okanye iwax.
Achroia grisella, intombazana yeenyosi inundu.
E-Efese kuehniella, iintlobo zomgubo (hayi i-Indian powder moth efanayo, okanye i-banded moth, i-Plodia interpunctella).

Ukusuka kusapho lwe-geléquididiae:

Phthorimaea operculella, i-potato moth, ehlasela i-Solanaceae eyahlukeneyo yokubaluleka kwezoqoqosho, ngakumbi iitapile, ezonakalise zombini kwintsimi kwaye xa zigcinwe.

Ukusuka kwintsapho yakwaCossidae, iintlobo zemithi kunye neekhaphethi nakwintsapho yaseTortricidae

ILobesia botrana, iindidi zeediliya okanye inundu yeqela.
UCydia pomonella, uhlobo lweapile.

Ngokufanayo, ama-nundu abizwa ngokuba yizinambuzane zezinye ii-odolo ezivame ukutya okudliwa ngamanundu okanye izinto zendlu, phakathi kwazo sifumana umyalelo we-Coleoptera, i-Hylotrupes bajulus, i-nundu ehlasela iinkuni.

Kukho ezinye iindidi zamanundu ezinokuba yingozi, kwaye zenziwe ngeemopane zemizekelo ethile efana ne: Hemileuca maia, megalopyge opercularis okanye i-saddleback. Lo mgangatho usekelwe kwindlela yokuzikhusela eziye zaphuhliswa ngexesha lokukhula kwazo ngelixa ziyimibungu, ukuze zizikhusele kwezinye izilwanyana ezifuna ukubenzakalisa.

Ngokubanzi, kumazwe athile aseLatin America, amanundu kunye neentlobo ezimbalwa zamabhabhathane amnyama zithathwa njengethamsanqa kuba zizisa ububi obunjengokufa okanye eminye imiba emnyama yobomi bemihla ngemihla. Noko ke, kwiziqithi ezithile zoLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, kwanakumzantsi-mpuma weUnited States, zigqalwa njengabathunywa bobutyebi bezoqoqosho.

I-Moth yoLwandle ligama elinikwe i-bivalve molluscs ehlasela iinkuni zeenqanawa okanye i-pilings kwi-docks, amalungu entsapho yaseTeredinidae, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "jokes".

Indlela yokwahlula kwiiButterflies?

Ezi zinambuzane zinamaphiko agqunywe ngamaxolo anemibala eyahlukahlukeneyo, ngokuqhelekileyo azibonakali kangako yaye mancinane kunamabhabhathane. Kuxhaphake kakhulu ukubhidanisa amanundu kunye neyokugqibela, kodwa umahluko kukuba ngelixa amabhabhathane edla ngokutya, amanundu asebenza ngorhatya.

Ukumila kweempondo zazo lolunye uphawu olwahlulwa ngalo amanundu kumabhabhathane. Iimpondo zamanundu zimi njengekama okanye iintsiba ngelixa ezo zamabhabhathane zimile okwentonga.

Iingozi eziphambili zenundu

Nangona amanundu asele ekhulile engalumi, iimopane zohlobo oluthile lwamanundu ziyaluma. Ezinye iindidi ezifana nenjanana (Megalopyge opercularis) okanye ihag caterpillar (Phobetron pithecium) zihlasela ngokuluma njengoko zinetyhefu. Uninzi lwamanundu akhulileyo zizilwanyana ezinoxolo, nangona kunjalo zinokubangela ukungezwani komzimba.

Uthuli olukhutshwa ngamaphiko ayo lunokubangela ukuthimla okanye ukwalane nokulula kakhulu. Amaphiko azo anokuba ne-histamine, eyona nto ibangela ukuba abantu bangabikho emzimbeni. Kukho uhlobo lwenundu olubizwa ngokuba yiHylesia Nigricans olubangela ukuchasana kakhulu nokwaliwa okunokuhlala ukuya kutsho kwiintsuku ezingamashumi amathandathu.

Ubungakanani bayo buhluka ukusuka kwi-4 okanye i-5 centimeters, umbala wayo umnyama kwaye une "inwele" emzimbeni obangela iingxaki zempilo ebantwini. Phakathi kweempawu ezihambelana nokuchasana nomzimba kule nundu ngumkhuhlane ophezulu, i-dermatitis kunye noxinzelelo lokuphefumla.

Kuphela amabhinqa alolu hlobo ayakwazi ukuvelisa i-dermatitis enzima, kunye ne-rashes kunye ne-blister. Oku kungenxa yomxholo ophezulu we-histamine abanayo emzimbeni. Ukuqhagamshelana nezikali akwenzeki kuphela xa amaphiko ebanjwe ngezandla, kuba kunokwenzeka kwakhona xa ubamba ikhethini okanye umthunzi wesibane apho i-nundu ifike khona.

Akwanele ukuba ulumke xa utshabalalisa amanundu abantu abadala, kuba iingxowa zeqanda nazo zinezikali, ezifumaneka kwisetyhini ngasemva kwesisu. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunyanga i-aleji ebangelwa sisikali sayo nayiphi na inundu ngamayeza e-antihistamine. Uncedo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo luyacetyiswa.

Indlela yokufumanisa ubukho benundu ekhaya?

Iimpahla ze-moths azikhange zikhange ekukhanyeni kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo, zifuna iindawo ezimnyama zokufihla. Ukubonakala kwamanundu abadala kwiidrowa apho iimpahla zigcinwa khona luphawu oluqinisekileyo lokusuleleka. Kwimeko yeentlobo zeziqhamo ezomisiweyo, ukutya okuye kwahlaselwa ngamaciko kubonisa iingxowa ngaphakathi. Abantu abadala bahlala bebhabha igzag besuka kwiikhabhathi okanye iidrowa apho kugcinwa khona ukutya. Ekhitshini, umzekelo, unokubona indlela abajikeleza ngayo kwiindonga okanye kwiisilingi.

Iingxaki ezibonakala eKhaya kukho amanundu

Xa amanundu ebonakala kwikhaya lethu, eyona ntsingiselo ichanekileyo ibonakala ngathi "yintshabalalo", kodwa makhe sihlolisise ukuba bahlasela ntoni na ngakumbi:

Impahla: Kukho iindidi ezininzi zeentsinga abazinqwenelayo, kodwa uboya yeyona nto bayithandayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ungomnye wabo basagcina iimpahla zoboya kunye nezixhobo kwigunjana okanye ujoyine isitayile seentsiba, kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba amanundu aya kufumana ikhosi ephambili enomtsalane kwezo mpahla. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba yonke into eyenziweyo ayizukuba nomdla kwesi sinambuzane sirhabaxa.

Iincwadi: Into abayithandayo ngeencwadi kunye namaphephancwadi ngamakhowa, abumba kwiindawo apho iglue ibekwe khona. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, akunandaba, ekubeni ikopi iya konakala.

Madera: uyigqume indlu yakho ngolwimi ne groove? Ngaba unayo ingqokelela entle yefenitshala yomthi? Amanundu anokonakalisa le mihombiso intle kunye nesitayile ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ucinga. Kodwa kukho into ekufuneka yenziwe ngayo, njengoko ingxaki ayikho kuphela kwimingxuma eyoyikisayo eya kuhlala kwifenitshala yokhuni, kodwa nakwithuba lokuwa xa lisetyenziswa. Batya ifenitshala ngaphakathi, beshiya umaleko obonakalayo oqinileyo ngaphandle, kodwa inyaniso kukuba batya ngokoqobo ngaphakathi.

Indlela yokususa inundu?

Xa kufunyenwe amanundu amaninzi kwaye oku kuthetha ukuba asasazeke kwindlu yonke. Ezi zinambuzane zidla ngokungaphawulwa xa zininzi. Phakathi kwamanyathelo esinokuwathatha ukuthintela amanundu ekufikeleleni kwizinto zakho zezi:

Xa iimpahla zibekwe kude, qiniseka ukuba zicocekile kwaye azinabala.
Faka iimpahla kwiingxowa zeplastiki okanye kwiidrowa zeplastiki ezingangeni moya ngexesha lokugcinwa.
Sebenzisa imichiza echasene nenundu: iyasebenza kakhulu ekugcineni iimpahla ukusuka kwixesha lonyaka ukuya kwelinye.
I-oyile ye-Bay inceda ukugxotha kwaye ingasetyenziswa emthini ukuthintela umonakalo wenundu.
Iimpahla kufuneka zihlanjwe kwaye zomiswe, ngokukhethekileyo kwiqondo lokushisa elibandayo, ngaphambi kokuba zigcinwe.
Ezo nkozo, iitumato kunye nomgubo oza kutyiwa kamva, kufuneka zigcinwe zomile kwaye kubushushu obubandayo.

Amanundu adla ngokukhetha iimpahla ezingazange zihlanjwe okanye zinganxitywanga ixesha elide. Xa nayiphi na ingubo ihlaselwe ngamanundu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphume kuyo ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, amanundu abeka amaqanda kwiimpahla ebekade ezondla ngazo ngaphambili.

Amayeza aseKhaya ukugxotha amanundu

Ukugcina amanundu kude, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziswa, eziya kwahluka ngokweentlobo. Ukunyamalala kwenundu kuya kubonisa ukusebenza kwayo:

Iichips okanye iibhodi zomsedare, ijunipha okanye i-lavender ioli eyimfuneko okanye ii-mothballs zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumakhaya, ezi zinobunzima bokuba zikhupha ivumba elibi kwaye zinokuba yingozi.
I-Dichlorobenzene, emhlophe kwaye engenavumba, yikhemikhali enamandla onokuyisebenzisa ukutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza amanundu.
Ukubulala amanundu, imigibe enepheromones nayo isetyenziswa, apho itsalwa khona ngokusetyenziswa kwemichiza eyahlukeneyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemigibe yokuncamathelisa luncedo kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Unokusebenzisa imigibe yefanitshala eyingxowa yokuqokelela izinambuzane. Ezi zibekwe kufutshane neendawo apho amanundu ahlala khona.
Iimveliso ezigciniweyo ekurhaneleka ukuba zingcolisekile kufuneka zifakwe emkhenkceni ukuze kususwe imibungu yamanundu kunye namaqanda.

Sikuphepha njani ukuzala kwezinambuzane?

Ukuthintela ukuveliswa kweendawo zokuzalela izinambuzane ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima, kuba kuya kuxhomekeka kwindawo esihlala kuyo, kwaye ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nococeko. Kodwa njengoko kuqinisekisiwe kumjikelo wokuzala wamanundu, bafuna iindawo ezishushu nezinomthunzi, yiyo loo nto amakhethini kunye neekona zendlu kufuneka zihlolwe ngokuqhubekayo.

Kwenzeka into efanayo nangombungu, ekubeni sisinambuzane esincinane ngolo hlobo asiboni xa siphakamisa indawo yokuzalela yaye sisazi ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo sihlala emthini, sinokunyamekela ukonakalisa ifanitshala yethu. Xa sithena umthi, kufuneka sisuse iintsalela okanye iintubi ziya kufikelela kwifanitshala yethu ekubeni zihlala kwiplanga elomileyo okanye elimanzi.

Kufuneka songeze ukuba iinkuni, iimpahla kunye noomatrasi ekhaya kufuneka zicocwe, ukuthintela zombini ukukhula kwezi zinambuzane zomthi kwakunye nokulunywa kwamangolwane, nto leyo enokubangela ukungezwani komzimba kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwe-atopic dermatitis.

Izilwanyana nazo zithwaxwa yizinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo. Amanundu adla ngokuzoyisa izinja njengoko ecinga ukuba yinto yokudlala. Kodwa kukho into ethi izilwanyana zethu zihlupheke kakhulu, iintakumba. Unokwenza i-spray yendalo kunye neviniga, i-lemon kunye ne-witch hazel, ityhefu yendalo yokubulala iintakumba kunye namaqanda abawabekayo.

Kwelinye icala, ukuphepha ukulunywa yingcongconi, kuyacaca ukuba kufuneka sithintele ukuzala kwesi sinambuzane. Ngenxa yale njongo kufuneka sibeke i-oyile efunekayo okanye i-apula cider iviniga kwiikona zendlu kwaye ngaphezu koko kufuneka sihlole iindawo ezinokuthi zibe namanzi aqulethwe, ukwenzela ukuba bangafaki amaqanda apho.

Kukho ezinye izilwanyana ezithi zicinga nje ngokuluma kwazo zisenze soyike. Ukulunywa kwenundu kunokusithumela esibhedlele ngenxa yezikali abanazo, kuba zihlala zibangela i-dermatitis kunye ne-allergies.

Ukubaluleka kweebhabhathane kunye namanundu

Amabhabhathane namanundu asele ekhulile akanabungozi, kodwa imibungu yawo idla ngokuba zizinambuzane eziyingozi kwizityalo, kwimveliso yezityalo nakwiimveliso ezithile zezilwanyana. nyaka ngamnye kuchithwa izigidi zeerandi ukuze kuhlaselwe iimopane eziyingozi.

Phakathi kwezona ndidi ziyingozi kakhulu ziinundu zeempahla, inundu lwekhaphetshu, i-corn borer, i-codling moth, i-gypsy moth, ne-cotton bollworm. Ngokubanzi, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenundu ezinobungozi kunamabhabhathane.

Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zibaluleke kakhulu kwiintyatyambo zomvumvuzelwano, kodwa kumlinganiselo omncinci kakhulu kuneenyosi. Ngokomzekelo, ingcungcu ithwala umungu iwuse kwiintyatyambo ezithile njengoko iqokelela incindi yazo, inundu ekuthiwa yi<em>yucca ibeka intyatyambo yomungu kwintyatyambo yeyucca, nalapho ithi ibeke amaqanda ayo.

Ikwaziwa ngobuninzi bemibungu eyinxalenye yokutya kweentlobo ezininzi zezinambuzane, izirhubuluzi, izilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye neentaka, kukho nabantu abazivuthululayo ngokungathi yinto emnandi. Inundu lombungu kuphela kwesinambuzane esiye safuywa ngaphandle kweenyosi zobusi, ukanti abanye abantu baqokelela baze bazale amabhabhathane namanundu ngenxa yombala omhle wamaphiko awo.

Kwabo bacinga ukuba inundu yinto nje engaqhelekanga okanye isitshabalalisi esicekisekayo ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo namakhaya, kuhle ukwazi inkcazelo ebangel’ umdla ekhoyo ngezi zinambuzane. Igama elithi "nundu" linokuyigxotha imifanekiso yezinambuzane ezingwevu-mdaka ezithi nca kumnyango okanye efestileni yakho ngobusuku behlobo. Ngaphandle koko kubonakala ngathi, kusekho okuninzi xa kufikwa kwezi zinambuzane.

Eli nundu likwabonelela ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zezibonelelo zendalo, ukusuka kwizityalo ezisasaza imbewu ukuya ekubeni kukutya kweentaka, amalulwane kunye nabantu abavela kulo lonke iplanethi. Amanundu awodlula amabhabhathane, isalamane sawo esisondeleyo, nge-10 ukuya kwelinye. Ahluke kakhulu kuzo zonke iintlobo zeentaka nezilwanyana ezanyisayo zaseMntla Merika zidityanisiwe.

Amanundu athile aziwa ngokukwazi ukufana nezinye izilwanyana. Ukuphepha ukuba kukutya, amanye amanundu aye avela abonakala njengezinambuzane ezinganqweneleki kangako, njengoonomeva, i-tarantulas, ne- praying mantises. Amanundu athile ade alinganise ilindle leentaka.

Ukwazi ukuba amanundu athile, ngakumbi imibungu, efana ne-corn eaworm, zizinambuzane ezichaphazelekayo kwezolimo, ezinye ezininzi zibalulekile i-pollinators. Oku kubangelwa kukuba imizimba yenundu enoboya ibenza babe ngabahambisi bembewu abakhulu, njengoko igcina umungu kuyo nayiphi na intyatyambo ehlala kuyo. Iintyatyambo ezihanjiswa ngamanundu zidla ngokuba nevumba elimnandi kwaye zimhlophe, njengesityalo seyucca. Izityalo ezinezi mpawu zenza kube lula ukuba amanundu asebusuku afumane iintyatyambo emva kobumnyama.

Amanye amanundu asasaza umungu ebudeni bemini. Amanundu engcungcu ebhabha phambi kweentyatyambo, etyhila ulwimi lwawo olude ukuze afunxe incindi. Batya iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentyatyambo, eziquka ibhalsam, ihoneysuckle kunye neverbena. Ngelixa amanundu athile erhabula incindi, amanye awatyi kwaphela, njengenundu iLuna elidala elingenawo nomlomo. Le, emva kokuphuma kwikhokho layo, iphila iveki kuphela. Ekuphela kweyona njongo yakhe ebomini? Izalela kwaye uyeke amaqanda.

Zibona iimolekyuli zevumba zisebenzisa i-eriyali zazo kungekhona ngeempumlo zazo. Iinundu zombungu wesilika omkhulu oyindoda ziye zavela, iimpondo ezimilise okwentsiba ezinezamkeli ezivumbayo ezibenza bakwazi ukubona imolekyuli yehomoni enye yesini kwiqabane labo labasetyhini ukusuka kumgama oziikhilomitha.

Kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, amanundu akwangumthombo ofanelekileyo wokutya kwabantu. Kuthiwa ngaphezu kwama-90 ekhulwini kubemi bamazwe athile aseAfrika batya amabhabhathane namanundu. Iimbungu zigcwele iiprotheyini kunye namafutha anempilo, kwaye uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba i-100 grams yalezi zinambuzane inika ngaphezu kweepesenti ze-100 zeemfuno zemihla ngemihla zamaminerali abalulekileyo, njenge-potassium, i-calcium, i-zinc kunye nentsimbi.

Ubudlelwane benundu kunye namalulwane

Ngokutsho kweNgxowa-mali yoLondolozo lweeMoths, inani lemizekelo yesi sinambuzane liye lehla ngesinye kwisithathu kule minyaka ingama-40 idlulileyo. Oku kuncipha kubeka emngciphekweni ukusinda kwamalulwane, awatyayo. Namhlanje, kukho iintlobo ezili-17 kuphela zamalulwane ezisele e-UK, zonke ziphantsi kokhuseleko lomthetho, njengoko amanani abo ancitshiswe kakhulu.

Ukongeza ekudibaniseni uluntu nezilwanyana zasendle ezisebenza kuphela xa abantu abaninzi belele, abaququzeleli bemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo baceba ukuphakamisa iprofayili yezi zilwanyana, ezithi, emva kwamaphela kunye neempuku zezinye zezona zinto zingaziwayo. kwindalo.

URichard Fox weMoth Conservation Trust uthi: “Abantu batsalela amabhabhathane, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo amanundu namabhabhathane yinto enye. "Umahluko awuchanekanga, kuba ngokwembono yezinto eziphilayo, ziyafana."

UFox uthi, amanundu “aphumeza umsebenzi obaluleke gqitha kwindalo. Baqhuba ukusasazwa kweentyatyambo kunye noluhlu lwezidalwa ezitya kuzo, phakathi kwazo kubandakanywa iintlobo ezininzi zeentaka ezitya amanundu amadala kwaye zondla amantshontsho abo ngemibungu yabo.

Kwimimandla eshinyeneyo, kukho neentyatyambo ezithunyelwa ipoleni kuphela ngamanundu”, yatsho inzululwazi. Kodwa kubantu abaqhelekileyo kwisitrato, amanundu adibaniswa nokutshatyalaliswa kwempahla.

“Kuyinyani ukuba bondla iimpahla, ukanti kwiintlobo ezingama-2.500 zamanundu ezikhoyo e-UK, zimbini kuphela ezizenzayo. Kwaye kwezinye iindawo, njengakwimimandla eshushu, ukungafani kukhulu ngakumbi, ekubeni inani leentlobo zamanundu liphezulu, "utshilo uFox. Kwaye ukongezelela, uyongezelela, "badla kuphela imicu yezilwanyana, oko kukuthi, uboya. Abanamdla kumqhaphu, okanye kwiintsinga ezenziweyo».

Amalulwane nawo adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ecosystem. Zitya izinambuzane, kwaye, njengamanundu, zithwala umungu ukuya kwiintyatyambo. Kweleenjiko, banoxanduva lokusasaza imbewu yezityalo nemithi.

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