Kuncwadi kukho into ebizwa imibongo yeprozi ukuba ziludidi olubandakanya inxalenye yobhalo oludityaniswe nemibongo. Kubathandi bolu hlobo lokubhalwa kweparadesi, siyakumema ukuba ujabulele eli nqaku.
Imibongo yeProse: Intshayelelo
Imibongo yeprozi, sisimbo sokubhala esidibeneyo, esingelobali, okanye isihobe ngokwesiqhelo, esibhidanisa inkcazo yayo. Noko ke, lunolwazelelelo, oluseka umanyano.
Umbongo weprozi kuhlobo lweHomeric kunye ne-ephemeral yeembono zangoku. Le ntetho kukuqinisekisa uhlobo loncwadi njengoluhlu lwemigaqo elawula ukuguqulwa kwamagama, ngexabiso elikwaziyo nelifanelekileyo, ngokumalunga nezinye iimbono zohlelo olufanayo olusebenzayo noluqondwa ngokunyanisekileyo.
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba umbongo weprozi kuphela kohlobo olutsha loncwadi olunexabiso jikelele eliveliswe kumaxesha angoku, okuthetha ukuba, emva okanye emva kokuKhanya kweneoclassical.
Kukho unxibelelwano olucacileyo nolunomtsalane phakathi kombongo weprozi, isiqwenga kunye nesincoko sokulunga, okokuqala, makwaziwa, ngamabona-ndenzile kwaye kamva umdla woncwadi kumba othile. Njengombono wesibini, ngenxa yeemeko zezinto ezintsha ezifana ne-laconicism enokuthi ngandlela-thile iphazamise bonke. Siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke ukunandipha ukufunda ngokufunda elinye inqaku elibangel’ umdla elithi Uhlalutyo lwemorphological
Kufuneka igxininiswe into yokuba ingqiqo yemvukelo yangoku iboniswe kakuhle kwiintlobo zoncwadi, iinkxalabo zizonke kwaye zahlula ezi ntlobo zintathu kunye neekhonsepthi ezibonisiweyo, kwaye ngokukodwa umbongo weprozi kunye neqhekeza. Umbongo weprozi uxabisekile njengolangazelelo lwesishwankathelo.
Kukho imithombo ephambili yokubhideka ebonakala ngathi:
- Ufaniso lodidi ngendlela yesitanza sasimahla
- Ufaniso lwejen nodidi lwemibongo lwakudala.
- Ufaniso lohlobo ngoguqulelo okanye ushicilelo lwemisebenzi yoncwadi ebhekiselele kwintsomi okanye yamandulo, ethi phambi kwamehlo omfundi ingenelele kwisikhumbuzo kunye namandla anemibala yentetho yeengoma.
- Ufaniso lodidi kunye nokubuyela kwiingxoxo zobomi bemihla ngemihla kwi-epic kwisigama sayo.
Umvelaphi
Umbongo weprozi uvela kwiprozi engaqhelekanga. I-epic prose, iyaqhubeka i-prose, into eyongezelelweyo yombhalo okanye isitywina sesitayela sayo, ngaphandle koko iqulethe inkondlo. Usenokuba nomdla wokufunda Ndiculela iBolivar
Imibongo yothando kunye nomjikelo we-Ossian
Ngeminyaka yee-1800, kwi-romanticism epheleleyo, ukhetho oluqhubekayo loncwadi olujoliswe kwi-aesthetics ye-absolute, i-aesthetics yokuphakama kwizinto ezibonakalayo, kunye nokuba iimpawu zayo zingenelele ngobuninzi, obungunaphakade okanye obungapheliyo bunokuthakazelelwa. .
Esi simbo sivela kwakhona sivuselela umdla kwimibongo, njengoko ifana ngakumbi nezi zinto, ngokuchaseneyo ngokuphandle nenkulungwane yolwazi oluyifanelekeleyo njengomqhubi wokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, imo yemibongo iya ikhululeka, ivesi iyancipha ukuya kwimithetho yesingqisho kwaye isingqisho singqubana nempembelelo ethile.
UFrançois-René, uViscount Chateaubriand, unozakuzaku waseFransi, wezopolitiko kunye nombhali, umseki wezothando kwiincwadi zesiFrentshi, ukhetha ukubamba i-epic kwiprose yesibongo. Abafel 'ukholo ngo-1809, ngaphambi kokuthatha umngcipheko kuhlobo oluselubi lwemibongo.
Inguqulelo yeprose ekrokrelekayo nguJames Macpherson, eyaziwa ngegama lakhe, elithetha igama lobuxoki elamkelwa ngumbhali, kwi-Celtic bard u-Ossián, imbongi yaseScotland ye-Pre-romanticism kunye ne-Fingal's epic, eyenzeka ngonyaka we-1761 kwaye yaqokelela unyaka omnye emva koko. Ikhonkco leevesi ezintsha kwiMisebenzi ye-Ossian, iya kuba yinto eqinisekileyo yokwamkelwa okokuqala ngokusesikweni kobugcisa malunga nolu hlobo.
Ibhekisa kumsebenzi woncwadi, owaziwa kakubi kakhulu kwihlabathi laseNtshona lamaxesha, iindawo eziya kuthi ziguqulelwe ukusuka kulwimi lwesiJamani nguGoethe eWerther, engumsebenzi owuthandayo kaNapoleon okanye uWalter Scott ngokufanayo.
Imbono evulekileyo yombongo weprozi ayilibazisi ukusetyenziswa, nangona kunjalo, iyaqhubeka nokuthethelela ukuguqulelwa kwemibongo yasemzini okanye yakudala, njengoko kwenzeka kwiiNgoma zesiMalagasy nguÉvariste Parny (Chansons Madécasses of the 1787, okanye La Guzla de Mérimée). , ukususela ngonyaka we-1827 ngesiFrentshi.
Ukuqhubela phambili, uhlobo lucacisiwe kwaye lufunyenwe: uMaurice de Guérin kunye neCentaur, umsebenzi obhalwe kwi-1837 waza wapapashwa kwi-1840, kunye neLa bacchante, eyapapashwa kwi-1862; uyazi ngonyaka we-1838 uXavier Forneret, upapasha ingqungquthela ebizwa ngokuba yi "Vapeurs, nor vers nor prose", eguqulela "iiVapores, ivesi okanye iprose", kwaye kamva uJules Lefèvre-Deumier kunye nomsebenzi wakhe we-walker «Livre du promeneur», yonyaka we-1854.
Aloysius Bertrand
ULouis Jacques Napoléon Bertrand, owaziwa ngokuba nguAloysius Bertrand, wayeyimbongi engumFrentshi ethetha ngeRomanticism, yaye ngale ngxoxo yasesidlangalaleni ngowe-1842, uGaspar de la noche.
Kumalunga nomgangatho weengoma zokubhala kwakhe kunye nokuqonda kobuhle ukuba imisebenzi yakhe imele ukubonisa iinkohliso kwisitayela sikaRembrandt kunye noCallot, umsebenzi wokugqibela wombhalo ka-Aloysius Bertrand, owafa ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuphindaphinda kwesifo sofuba kwiziko lesibhedlele, ngamaxesha apho kuphela othotyiweyo wafela esibhedlele, kwaye wafaneleka umbhalo wesiseko sombongo weprozi eFransi.
Imbongi u-Aloysius Bertrand usebenzisa, usebenzisa ileta ye-Gothic evocation ukulangazelela iziganeko eziphuphayo okanye ezikhohlisayo kwi-verbiage, ephucula iimvakalelo zengxelo. Lo mbhali uchazwa njengomseki wokwenyani wolu hlobo, nangona kunjalo, iingcali ezithile zenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba zinika umahluko kwimbongi eyazalelwa eFransi uMaurice de Guérin,
Baudelaire kunye nokuqinisekiswa ngokwesini
UCharles Pierre Baudelaire, imbongi, umbhali wezincoko, umgwebi wezobugcisa kunye netoliki yemvelaphi yesiFrentshi, xa sele elele ngokungekho, nguye owaphinda watyhila umsebenzi kaBertrand, umlinganiswa omkhuthazayo kwi-repertoire yakhe ethi "Imibongo emincinci kwiProse", edume ngokuba Isihlokwana esithi "Spleen eParis", igama apho udidi olutsha lwenziwe ngekristale.
Ngomnyaka we-1862, wathumela ileta kumpapashi wakhe u-Arsène Houssaye, kwaye esebenza njengentshayelelo kupapasho emva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1869, imbongi u-Baudelaire, uveza indlela iprozi enobuchule ngayo xa iimvakalelo zangoku ziveliswa, ngakumbi isixeko, esiba yimixholo ethandwayo yombongo weprozi:
“Kufuneka ndivume. Kwaye kwakuxa ndandihamba, okwexesha lamashumi amabini ubuncinci, i-Gaspar de la noche edumileyo ngu-Aloysius Bertrand (incwadi eyaziwa nguwe, mna kunye nabanye abahlobo, ngaba ubungenalo ilungelo lokubizwa ngokuba udumile?) eye yafika kum ingcamango yokuzama into efana nale, isetyenziswa kwinkcazo yobomi banamhlanje, okanye endaweni yoko, ubomi obungabonakaliyo bale mihla, inkqubo awayisebenzisayo kumzobo wobomi bamandulo, ibukeka ngendlela emangalisayo.«.
Emva kokubonisa umsebenzi wakhe "Imibongo emincinci kwiprose", izishwankathelo zolu hlobo zanda. UStéphane Mallarmé, imbongi engumFrentshi kunye nomgxeki, uxhasa kunye ne-Illuminations, eyingqokelela yemibongo yeprose ebhalwe yimbongi yesiFrentshi u-Arthur Rimbaud; UÉdouard Joachim Corbière, owaziwa ngokuba nguTristan Corbière; okanye uCharles Cros wayeyingcali yefiziksi yaseFransi, imbongi kunye nomqambi. Ukulahla ibali ukuba olu hlobo loncwadi lwakha indawo yokwenzeka kombongo osimahla.
Umbongo weprozi luhlobo oluntsokothileyo oluya kukwazi ukumisela, oluhlala lubonakaliswa njengengxelo emfutshane, nangona kunjalo, iyahluka kwisenzo, ngengxelo yayo ecacileyo kumanani kunye nokuhambelana, ukuhanjiswa kweemvakalelo ezinamandla, kunye nokunyamalala kwe uphawu oluthile kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukwenzeka kokubhala okungacacanga, okwenzekayo ocinga ukuba "Isikhululo esiHogweni" nguRimbaud, sisityholo esingaphezulu kombongo. Kulo mgaqo-nkqubo, ekupheleni kwe-absolutism yesibini, i-Count of Lautréamont yazisa ukukhanya kwi-1869 "Cantos de Maldoror", apho iimbongo zeprose ziyinyani, zonke zenza into, amaqhezu omsebenzi, iinkcukacha zamaphupha kunye neengqungquthela. , idityaniswe ngumlingiswa waseMaldoror, uchungechunge lweengoma ezintandathu zeembongi, umsebenzi wombhali u-Isidore Ducasse.
Izixhobo
Kubalulekile ukwazisa umfundi ngeempawu ezingqonge olu hlobo loncwadi, ezizezi:
- Imiba efanayo evela kumbongo inokuphononongwa, njengale: i-epic verbose, ukuziphatha kobuhobe, injongo kunye nengxoxo.
- Ayiqulathanga imiba esesikweni, isingqisho kunye ne-copla.
- Yahlukile kumbongo, kuba ichazwa ngeprozi nakwintsomi okanye ibali, kuba injongo yayo ayikokubalisa ngeziganeko, koko kukudlulisa iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo nezothuso.