Xa i-Ista ifika, abantu bahlala benomdla wokwazi wafela phi uYesu emnqamlezweni? Ngokwembali yayimi ngaphandle kweYerusalem kwiNtaba yeGolgotha. Ngokwesithethe sobuKristu, uYesu wafa ngoLwesihlanu wePasika.
Yiyo loo nto uLwesihlanu olungileyo ekhumbula ukubethelelwa kunye nokubandezeleka kukaYesu Krestu.
iNtaba yaseGolgotha
Ngokutsho kwe IBhayibhile, uYesu waseNazarete waxhonywa emnqamlezweni kwiNtaba yeGolgotha ngaphandle kwesixeko samandulo saseYerusalem emva komngcelele omde kwizitrato zaseYerusalem. Kwiminyaka kamva, ngakumbi kwi 326 AD, uConstantine Omkhulu wakha kuloo ndawo i-Basilica ye-Holy Sepulcher. Ngenxa yoko, umbono wentaba yeminqamlezo emithathu ezingqondweni zethu ayisiyiyo namhlanje. Ngaphezu koko, namhlanje intaba idityaniswe neYerusalem. Ayisekho ngaphandle kwesixeko njengoko yayinjalo ngamaxesha amaRoma.
Kodwa kutheni iKalvari okanye iGolgotha inxulumene nokakayi?
Kukho iingcamango ezininzi, nangona ezimbini ezamkelwa kakhulu ngababhali-mbali zezi zilandelayo. Eyokuqala yalatha kwi ubume bomhlaba intaba yakho, imile okokhakhayi lomntu. Enye into enokwenzeka kukuba, ukuba yindawo ekujoliswe kuyo ukubulawa kwabantu, abaninzi baya kusala apho amathambo nokakayi.
I-hypothesis 1: Ngaphantsi kweCathedral ye-Holy Sepulcher
Kunyaka 326 AD UHelen waseConstantinople (owayeneminyaka engamashumi asibhozo ngoko ubudala) weza eYerusalem njengonina womlawuli waseRoma, ezimisele ukufumana iSepulcher eNgcwele kaYesu. Xa wayesemhlabeni, wenza abona balumkileyo belali bavuma into ababeyazi ngendawo apho uKristu wabethelelwa khona waza wangcwatywa. Bamsa kwinduli apho uMlawuli uHadrian wayalela ukuba kwakhiwe itempile yoothixokazi bamaRoma. I-Aphrodite y Venus kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezadlulayo.
Unina womlawuli wayalela ukuba kudilizwe itempile kuze kummbiwe kweso siza. Ukufumana iminqamlezo emithathu (ewayekholelwa ukuba yekaYesu namasela amabini) kunye nengcwaba elambiwa kumqolomba wekalika, awayekholelwa ukuba lingcwaba likaYesu..
UHelena kunye nonyana wakhe uConstantine I bakha itempile entle kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba yitempile ICathedral ye-Holy Sepulcher, kunye neNtaba yeGolgotha kunye neThuba Elingcwele ziya kuhlala.
I-hypothesis 2: Kwinduli esecaleni kwesikhululo sebhasi
Kodwa indawo yemveli yeNtaba yeGolgotha ayisoloko yamkelwa ngokupheleleyo ngumntu wonke. Kwi 1842, umfundisi wezakwalizwi nomphengululi weBhayibhile ogama linguOtto Thenius waseDresden wapapasha ingcamango esekelwe kuphando olwenziwa nguEdward Robinson. Kule ngqikelelo, wachaza ukuba iGolgotha yasebhayibhileni yayikwicawa engaphandle kweSango laseDamasko, kwintaba enamatye. I-enclave ikwimitha nje engama-600 kumntla weCawe ye-Holy Sepulcher, ngaphantsi kohambo lwemizuzu eli-15.. Kwaye yindawo ezolileyo ngakumbi njengoko ingaxinana
En 1882, uMphathi Jikelele uCharles George Gordon wayivuma le ngcamango kwaye indawo yaqanjwa kwakhona "IKalvari kaGordon". Indawo, ngoku eyaziwa kuluntu lwezenzululwazi njenge I-Skull Hill, inengxondorha kwisiseko sayo enemingxuma emibini emikhulu efana neziseko zamehlo okakayi. Yena nabanye ababengaphambi kwakhe bacinga ukuba kungenxa yoko le nto ibizwa ngokuba yiNtaba yeGolgotha.
Kufuphi neGordan's Calvary kukho ingcwaba lamandulo elaziwa namhlanje njengeGarden Tomb. UGordon ucebisa ukuba eli lingcwaba likaYesu. Ukuba le thiyori ka-Otto Thenius, u-Edward Robinson kunye noGeorge Gordon ichanekile, ke iGolgotha namhlanje inokuthiwa isecaleni kweSango leDamasko indawo yokupaka ibhasi, ecaleni kweGarden Tomb. Lo mmandla ubiyelweyo unobungqina obuthile bezinto zakudala obungqinelana nengxelo yeBhayibhile, njengokuba umi ngaphandle kweYerusalem nokuba yindawo yokunqumla umda (eyayisakuba yindlela, namhlanje enguhola wendlela).
Kukho ezinye iithiyori ezizezinye malunga nendawo yeGolgotha, kodwa ezi zimbini zezona zamkelwa kakhulu luluntu lwenzululwazi.
Ke, yeyiphi kwezi zimbini iintaba ezinokubakho iGolgotha eyiyenyani? Zombini iinketho zinabaxhasi kunye nabachasi bazo. Abembi bezinto zakudala kunye nababhali-mbali basaxoxa ngayo, kodwa mhlawumbi ayisiyonto ibalulekileyo, kodwa isigidimi somfundisi obethelelwe emnqamlezweni kumgwebo ongekho sikweni.
Iphi iNtaba yaseGolgotha?
INtaba iGolgotha ikwisixeko saseYerusalem, nangona inokuba neendawo ezimbini ezinokubakho. I-Basilica yemveli ye-Holy Sepulcher yakhiwa nguConstantine I ngo-AD 326 phezu koko umama wakhe uConstantinople Helena wayecinga ukuba yiNtaba yeGolgotha kunye ne-Holy Sepulchre. Kwelinye icala, ecaleni kwesikhululo sebhasi, kukho ithambeka elinamatye elimile njengekhakhayi, apho umphandi uCharles Gordon akazange athandabuze ukuyiqonda njengeNtaba yeGolgotha yokwenene ngo-1882.
Indudumo egqabhuza i-septum yeempumlo yokakayi
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukhakhayi eliweni lwaphulukana nenxalenye yalo ehambelana ne-septum yempumlo ngexesha lokuphuma kwesiphango esinamandla. NgoFebruwari 2015, kodwa iifoto ezininzi ziye zasinda (ezininzi zazo zaboniswa ngabakhokeli bendawo) ebonisa ukuthambeka njengoko amatye ayekho ngaphambi kwesiganeko semozulu.
Izinto ezinomdla kwiNtaba yeGolgotha
ITestamente eNtsha ichaza iGolgotha, indawo yokubethelelwa emnqamlezweni, njenge "kufuphi nesixeko" (Yohane 19:20) kunye "ngaphandle kweendonga" ( Hebhere 13:12 ). Indawo yesithethe yayiza kubeka le ntaba yasentsomini eYerusalem, kumbindi wesixeko saseRoma kunye neTempile kaAphrodite. Ezi tempile zayalelwa ukuba zakhiwe nguMlawuli uHadrian, kumaKristu ahlala ngaphezu kwenkulungwane emva kokufa kukaYesu Kristu.
En 2004, unjingalwazi waseBritani uMhlekazi uHenry Chadwick waqiqa ngelokuba xa abakhi bakaHadrian bahlaziya isixeko samandulo saseYerusalem. "bachonge iGolgotha ngengozi ngaphakathi kweendonga ezintsha". Ngamanye amazwi, intaba yayiza kufakwa kwisicwangciso esitsha socwangciso lwedolophu. Isixeko saseYerusalem, kuba asisekho ngaphandle kwesixeko njengoko kwakunjalo ngexesha likaPontiyo Pilato.
Kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokwakhiwa ngokutsha kweYerusalem, ngo-326 AD, uConstantine Omkhulu waba neCawa yeCawa Ingcwaba elingcwele. I-cathedral entle eyayinokwakhelwa kwiindawo ezimbini ezingcwele zamaKristu: iNtaba yeGolgotha kunye nengcwaba, apho umzimba kaYesu wabekwa khona emva kokuhla emnqamlezweni.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi malunga neNtaba yeGolgotha lube luncedo kuwe.