IManatee, inkomo yolwandle okanye i-trichechus yenza uhlobo lwezilwanyana ezincancisayo eziyinxalenye yosapho lwe-trichechid (Trichechidae) kwaye yiyo yodwa emele olusapho. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi yonke into malunga ne-manatee, sincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda eli nqaku.
IManatee
Yaziwa ngokuba sisilwanyana esilulame kakhulu kwaye ukutya kwayo kukutya imifuno, amaxesha amaninzi isetyenziselwa ukukhangela nokutya izityalo eziselunxwemeni kunye namazantsi olwandle olunamanzi angekho nzulu. I-manatee ichitha ubomi bayo emanzini anetyuwa nakumanzi amatsha, kodwa ikufutshane kakhulu kumanxweme ase-Afrika naseMelika.
Ekuphela kwezilwanyana ezidliwayo kwesi silwanyana ngumntu, kwaye nangona ingaqinisekiswanga, kunokucingelwa ukuba ngezinye izihlandlo iminenga ebulalayo iye yakwazi ukuhlasela i-manatee, kuba i-manatee, ekubeni inkulu, inamafutha. kwaye zicotha kakhulu, ngoko zingamaxhoba afanelekileyo eminenga ebulalayo.
Kodwa ngenxa yokusasazwa kwendawo ye-trichechids, efumaneka kumanzi aselunxwemeni kwaye ingekho nzulu kakhulu, kunye nakumanzi amatsha akwiiTropiki, apho iminenga ebulalayo ayinakufunyanwa khona, sinenkolelo yokuba i-manatee ikhuselekile. ukusuka ekulweni.
Intsingiselo yegama lakhe
Igama elithi manatee kulwimi lwesintu lweCaribbean, lithetha kunye noomama. Kodwa igama layo lezenzululwazi lithatyathwe kwigama lesiLatini elithi trichechus, elibhekisa kwiinwele ezincinci okanye amagwebu anokubonwa emzimbeni wayo, ngelixa i-manatus isuka kwigama lesiGrike elithi μανάτος okanye manatos, elinxibelelene nento eqhelekileyo kubo bonke. kuba ziwanyisa amathole azo.
Amanye amagama asetyenziselwa ukuwachaza yi- tlakamichin , edibanisa amagama aseNahuatl athi tlaka, oku kuthetha umntu, kunye ne-michin, oku kuthetha intlanzi; kunye ne-awakash ethetha inkomo yamanzi, nakwi-Nahuatl.
Uqoqosho
Ngokutsho kwezazinzulu, olu hlobo lwenziwe zintlobo ezi-3 ezi:
- I-Trichechus manatus-i-Caribbean okanye i-Florida manatee
- Trichechus senegalensis – African manatee
- Trichechus inunguis – Amazonian manatee
Nangona abanye abaphandi bathi kukho uhlobo lwesine, olu:
- UTrichechus pygmaeus – pygmy manatee
Ingcaciso yeManatee
I<em>manatee yaseNtshona yeIndiya sisilwanyana esanyisayo esikhulu saselwandle, umbala wayo ungwevu, inomzimba oshwabeneyo kwindawo ethe tyaba, yaye umsila wayo umile okwebheyile okanye icephe. Inencam ezimbini ezenza iingalo, ezisenokubonakala ngathi ngamaphiko, kodwa nganye ineenzipho ezintathu okanye ezine. Intloko nobuso bugcwele imibimbi kwaye banamabhovu empumlweni, kuba abanawo umlomo.
Izihlobo zayo ezisondeleyo ziindlovu kunye ne-hyraxes, izilwanyana ezincinci ezincancisayo ezilingana neegophe. Kukholelwa ukuba i-manatee iye yavela kwinxalenye yezilwanyana zasemanzini ezitya utyani.
Inkomo yaseNtshona yeIndiya inento yokwenza nohlobo lwemanatee yaseNtshona Afrika, isilwanyana saseAmazonia, idugong, nenkomo yolwandle iSteller, eyaye yazingelwa de yaphela ngowe-1768. inobunzima obumalunga nama-550 eekhilogram.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokuhanjiswa
I<em>manatee ihlala kumanzi angekho nzulu, kwimilambo ehamba kancinane, kumatheku anamanzi anetyuwa, kwimijelo, kwimimandla eselunxwemeni nakwimilambo yamachweba, ingakumbi apho kukho idlelo elinengca ehlala emanzini okanye apho kukho uhlaza oluninzi. Khumbula ukuba ii-manatee luhlobo olufudukayo, ngoko ke ziya kwiindawo apho ukutya kuthandeka ngakumbi.
EUnited States, zikwiphondo laseFlorida ngexesha lasebusika. Kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni sinokuzifumana kumanxweme akwintshona yelizwe laseTexas nangasentla ukuya kutsho kwiphondo laseMassachusetts, kodwa ziye zabonwa kumaphondo aseMzantsi Carolina, eGeorgia naseAlabama ehlotyeni.
Kwimeko ye-manatee ye-Antillean, indawo yokuhlala ifumaneka kunxweme kunye nemilambo yaseMbindi Melika kunye nonxweme olusemantla oMzantsi Melika, nangona ubukho bayo kwezi ndawo bungaqhubeki kakhulu, yonke into iya kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo. , imozulu nokutya.
Ukusasazwa ngokweentlobo
Iintlobo ze-trichechus senegalensis zihlala kude nonxweme lwaseNtshona Afrika; I-trichechus inunguis ihlala kunxweme olusempuma yoMzantsi Melika nakwimilambo ye-Amazon, kwaye eyesithathu, i-trichechus manatus, ihlala kwii-Antilles nemilambo namachweba kulo mmandla woLwandle lweCaribbean, ngakumbi kumanxweme eRiphabhliki yaseDominican. indawo apho kukho iindawo zolondolozo lwendalo ezifanelekileyo, elilizwe lokuqala apho kwasekwa imithetho ukuyikhusela.
I-Florida manatee ihlelwa njenge-subspecies, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Trichechus manatus latirostris, kunye ne-West Indian manatee ihlelwa njengenye i-subspecies, i-Trichechus manatus manatus.
Kutshanje, kuye kwachazwa uhlobo lwesine lwe-manatee, njengoko sele sichazile, i-manatee encinci okanye i-trichechus bernhandi. Yintlobo ekufutshane ne-Amazonian manatee, enokuthi ibe yi-subspecies, kwaye ifikelela kuphela kwi-1,3 m ubude kwaye indawo yokuhlala inqande kakhulu, i-120 km elunxwemeni loMlambo i-Aruainho, i-tributary ye-Aripuanii, apho kukho amanzi anemisinga kwaye itya kwindawo ethe tye.
Iimantee zaseIndiya zaseNtshona zihlala zisasazwa phakathi kweMexico, iBelize, iGuatemala, iHonduras, iNicaragua, iCosta Rica, iPanama, iColombia, iVenezuela, iTrinidad, iGuyana, iSuriname, iFrench Guiana, iBrazil, iPuerto Rico, iDominican Republic, iJamaica, iCuba kunye naseCuba. Bhahamas.
Ukutya
Ekubeni iManatee sisilwanyana esitya utyani, itya izityalo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-algae namagqabi e-mangrove. Ukutya ukutya kwabo basebenzisa umlebe wabo ongasentla, owahlulwe, owuphawu lwe-physiognomic. Umntu omdala unokutya ukuya kutsho kwisithoba ekhulwini sobunzima bomzimba wakhe, obumalunga neekhilogram ezingama-50 ngosuku. Kuqhelekile ukuba i-manatee itye intlanzi ngamaxesha athile.
Ukuziphatha
Ekubeni isisilwanyana esanyisayo, isilwanyana esincancisayo kufuneka sinyukele phezulu ukuze siphefumle umoya, ekubeni sinemiphunga. Indlela yabo yokuphumla kukuntywila ukuya ezantsi, kanye ngaphantsi kwamanzi, kwaye baphefumla rhoqo ngemizuzu emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu ngokomndilili, kodwa xa bebonakalise amandla amakhulu, kufuneka beze bahlale phezu komhlaba. Ukuphefumla rhoqo kwimizuzwana engamashumi amathathu.
Kodwa xa iphumle, kuye kwangqinwa ukuba i-manatee inokuntywiliselwa emanzini imizuzu engamashumi amabini. I-manatee inokudada ngesantya seekhilomitha ezingamashumi amathathu ngeyure xa umgama umfutshane, kodwa isantya sayo esiqhelekileyo sokuqubha siphakathi kweekhilomitha ezintlanu ukuya kwezisibhozo ngeyure.
Ubomi obulindelekileyo, ukufa kunye nabemi
I-manatee ayinazo iintshaba zendalo kwaye ubude bayo bokuphila bucingelwa ukuba yiminyaka engama-60 okanye ngaphezulu. Njengazo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ezihlala endle, ipesenti yokufa kweemanatee kubalelwa kunobangela wendalo, njengoxinzelelo lwengqele, iingxaki zesisu, inyumoniya kunye nezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo.
Ipesenti ephezulu yokufa inxulunyaniswa nezizathu zabantu. Inani elibalulekileyo lokufa kwe-manatee kungenxa yokungqubana nezikhephe eFlorida, nangenxa yokucinezelwa okanye ukurhaxwa kwizitshixo okanye kwizakhiwo zokulawula izikhukula okanye ukuginya amagwegwe, inkunkuma, okanye iintambo kunye nokubanjiswa kwimigca yecage yoononkala.
Kutshanje, ukuwohloka nokulahleka kwendawo ezihlala kuyo sesona sisongelo siqatha ekuye kwafuneka ii<em>manatee zijamelane nazo ehlabathini lonke. Kulusizi ukunika ingxelo yokuba ngokutsho kwabaphandi baseFlorida, ngo-2011 inani labemi beli yayingama-4.834 abantu.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
Amanani ayo amanani okuvelisa aphantsi, oku kufuneka kongezwe ukuba i-manatee ayifanelekanga ukuveliswa de ifikelele kwiminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Ngokwezifundo, ithole lemanatee kucingelwa ukuba lizalwa kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemihlanu, kwaye ukuzala kabini kunqabile kakhulu. Ixesha lide kakhulu kuba ixesha lokumitha kwemanatee ziinyanga ezilishumi elinesithathu kwaye zidinga ixesha lokukhathalela amantshontsho azo phambi kokuba zibe nomnye.
Njengoko besibonisile ngaphambili, rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5 imazi izala ithole, elinobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezingamashumi amathathu anesihlanu ekuzalweni kwayo, kunye nemilinganiselo ephakathi kwe-90 ukuya kwi-120 yeesentimitha ubude. Ukususela kumzuzu wokuqala, abancinci baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumama wabo ukuba baphile kwaye bahlale ecaleni kwakhe iminyaka emibini ubuncinane.
Kule ntlobo, ngumama kuphela ojongene nokunyamekelwa kunye nokutya komntwana, uyondla ngobisi kuze kube yilapho amazinyo akhe abunjwe kakuhle kwaye avumele ukuba asebenze kwaye azondle izityalo ngokwazo. Ulutsha luba ngabantu abadala xa lufikelela kwiminyaka emine ubudala yaye ukuzala kwabo kungokwesini ngokuqhama kwangaphakathi.
Izoyikiso kunye nokhuseleko
I-manatee ibe lixhoba lokuzingela inyama kunye namafutha ayo, kodwa ngoku iluhlobo olukhuselekileyo.
Ngelishwa, i-Antillean okanye i-manatee yaseCaribbean, njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, namhlanje luhlobo olusengozini yokuphela. Indawo yayo yokuhlala yendalo iye yancitshiswa kukuhlasela komntu, iyancipha kwiindawo ezininzi. Ngenxa yoku, kuye kwafuneka kudalwe oovimba bendalo, njengeRío Dulce, eGuatemala, ebonakala iyindawo yokugqibela ekhuselweyo yeemanatee.
Kwimeko ye-manatee yaseFlorida, ngenxa yokuba isasazwa ngaphezu kweTropic ye-Cancer line, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba bahlanganisana ixesha elininzi kwiindawo ezikufutshane nemithombo yokushisa eyenziweyo njengezityalo zamandla.
Yintoni eyenzekayo xa besenza oku kukuba abakwenzi ukuhamba kwabo kwaye baqala ukuxhomekeka kuloo mthombo wokushisa owenziweyo, kodwa xa uvala izityalo kuyimfuneko ukuqhubeka nokufudumeza amanzi ukuthintela ukunyamalala kwe-manatee. abemi.
NgoJulayi 15, 2014, iCongress yaseCosta Rican yabhengeza i-manatee njengophawu lwayo lwesizwe lwezilwanyana zaselwandle, ngenjongo yokukhuthaza ukulondolozwa kwayo, ngelixa ngoJulayi 23, 2019, u-Adán Augusto López Hernández, iRhuluneli yaseTabasco yabhengeza iJonuta, eTabasco, IMexico, njengendawo ekhuselweyo yemanatee.
Ukhuseleko loMthetho
I-Antillean manatee okwangoku ithathwa njengenye yezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela, kwiSihlomelo I se-CITES (iNkomfa yeZizwe ngeZizwe ngeZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni weZilwanyana kunye neeFlora); ukuze naluphi na uhlobo lorhwebo kwiimveliso ezivela kwimanatee akuvumelekanga.
I-IUCN (iManyano yamaZwe ngamaZwe yoLondolozo lweNdalo) ikwaqwalasela i-manatee yaseNtshona-Indiya (i-Trichechus manatus manatus) esengozini yokuphela. Kuhle ukwazi ukuba yonke i-Sirenia genus ikhuselwe yi-Cartagena Convention (SPAW) protocol evimbela ukuthatha, ukubulala, ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa ii-manatee, kuquka iinxalenye okanye iimveliso ezenziwe kwi-manatee.
Iindawo zokugcina izilwanyana zasendle apho iiManatees zifunyanwa khona
Ngezantsi sinokubona iindawo ezahlukeneyo apho iiManatees zihlala khona:
- Isikhumba kunye netyuwa-Honduras
- IChocón Machacas iKhuselwe iBiotope (kwindawo yaseRío Dulce, eLake Izabal) - eGuatemala
- I-Chetumal Bay - eMexico
- Estero Hondo - kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseDominican
- Ipaki yeSizwe yaseJaragua - kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseDominican
- IBay of the Eagles - kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseDominican
- Ipaki yeSizwe yaseTortuguero-eCosta Rica
- Ipaki yeSizwe yaseTuruépano-iLizwe laseSucre-Venezuela
- I-Bararida Zoological and Botanical Park - iLizwe laseLara - eVenezuela
- Isikhumba kunye neSalado Wildlife Rescuge – La Ceiba, Atlántida – Honduras
- Indawo engcwele yemanatee-iintaka Poblado-Los buchecos Jonuta, Tabasco, Mexico
- Ichibi laseCatazaja Chiapas; Mekhsikho
- ILaguna de Caratasca Biological Reserve-Enkosi kuThixo (Honduras)
- San San Pod Sak Bocas del Toro, Panama
Sicebisa la manqaku anomdla:
- Izilwanyana zaselwandle
- Izilwanyana zasemhlabeni
- Izilwanyana zasefama