Kweli nqaku sikuzisela ulwazi oluninzi malunga nesithixokazi samaMaya ixchel, enye yezona zithixo zibalulekileyo zabasetyhini kwinkcubeko yamaMayan kwaye iyinxalenye yenkcubeko kwingingqi yaseMesoamerican. Isithixokazi samaMaya u-Ixchel waziwa njengomfazi kaThixo woBulumko u-Itzamna. Ungaphoswa linqaku linomdla kakhulu!
Uthixokazi wamaMaya u-Ixchel
Kwintsomi yamaMaya, isithixokazi u-Ixchel waziwa njengothixokazi wenyanga, kuba kwinkcubeko yamaMaya engoyena thixo ubalulekileyo ngenxa yamandla asetyenziswa yinkwenkwezi phezu kwabantu, phakathi kwezona zipho zixatyiswayo anazo lo thixokazi. U-Ixchel nguye olawula imijikelo yenyanga kunye naleyo yamanzi, ukwanguthixokazi wokuzala, ukuvuna, ukukhulelwa, ukuzala, uthando kunye nokwabelana ngesondo.
Kuye kwakhona uxanduva lwamayeza kwaye amagqirha amcela ukuba afune impilo kwizigulana, ngendlela efanayo engumxhasi wemizobo, amalaphu kunye nabasebenzi kule ndawo.
Ekubeni wayenguthixokazi u-Ixchel, wayetshate nothixokazi omkhulu u-Itzamná, yiloo nto echazwa njengothixokazi u-O, yaye oko kubonakala kwii-codex, kwimifuziselo yothixokazi wamaMaya u-Ixchel umelwe ekhatshwa ngumvundla.
Uthixokazi u-Ixchel waziwa ngokuba nezibongozo zakhe ezikhohlakeleyo, kuba xa wayenobuso obubi okanye obunomsindo, waba nguthixokazi owonakalisayo owathumela izikhukula, izikhukula nezifo emhlabeni.
Kwinkcubeko yamaMaya, uthixokazi u-Ixchel wayehlonelwa njengothixokazi wenyanga, kuba wayemele umlinganiswa wobufazi wale nkwenkwezi, wayedityaniswe nomhlaba kwaye ufuzisela ukuchuma kunye nemijikelo yenyanga abantu baseMaya bathatha ithuba. Ukulawula amaxesha okulima nokuvuna, abanye banxulumanisa uthixokazi wamaMaya u-Ixchel nothixo wamaMaya uChac, awayenamandla okulawula utshintsho lwemozulu kunye namanzi kuye.
Yiyo le nto minyaka le kubhiyozelwa umnyhadala omkhulu egameni leNkosazana Ixchel ngesiko elingumdaniso kwitempile yakhe njengoko kwakusenziwa kumaxesha amandulo, lo msitho uza kubanjelwa kwipaki iXcaret, ePlaya del Carmen eMexico. Kukwasetyenziswa amaphenyane elunxwemeni ukuhlawula imbeko kuye ngokuba nguthixokazi wenzala.
Ngaphambi kokuba ngoothixo bamaMaya
Kwinkcubeko yamaMaya kuthiwa xa oothixo babengabantu nje abafayo, u-Ixchel wayeyinkosazana entle eyayiphuma kwabanye abantu ngenxa yobuhle bayo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba abantu abaselula ababini bamthande.
Ngokutsho kwentsomi yaseMaya, xa u-Itzamna ebona u-Ixchel okokuqala, wamthanda ngokunyanyekayo ekubeni wayethakathwa bubuhle bakhe obukhulu kwaye uthixokazi u-Ixchel wathinjwa ngumtsalane wothixo u-Itzamna.
Kodwa ibali lisixelela ukuba inkosana yafika ivela kwilizwe elikude kakhulu ngenjongo yokuyihlawula umvuzo, kodwa yathi yakumbona yathabatheka bubuhle bayo obumangalisayo, yiyo loo nto aba balinganiswa babini baqala ukumncwasa ukuze bambone naye. nguwuphi kwaba babini wayetshata
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, udade omdala wesithixokazi u-Ixchel, ogama lakhe lingu-Ixtab, wayephethe isigqibo, esokuba bobabini abachasi baya kulwa nokufa kwaye lowo usindayo uya kuba ngumyeni wesithixokazi u-Ixchel.
Nangona udade wabo u-Ixtab wayengenalo ulwazi lokuba uthixokazi u-Ixchel wayesele ephambana ngokuthanda amakhubalo kathixo u-Itzamna. Lathi lakuqalisa idabi yonke into yayivumelana nothixo uItzamna wayeza kuphumelela ungquzulwano, kodwa inkosana yelizwe elikude yakwazi ukumoyisa ngokumhlaba ikrele layo njengoko yayiqhathile ngandlel’ ithile.
Yiyo loo nto uthixo u-Itzamná wafa ngoko nangoko kwaye ebuhlungu ngenxa yento eyenzekileyo, u-Ixchel wagqiba kwelokuba umphefumlo wakhe awubeke kudade wabo uthixokazi u-Ixtab waza wazibulala, ngenxa yesi sizathu udade wabo waziwa njengothixokazi wokuzibulala.
Yiyo loo nto udade wabo uthixokazi u-Ixtab wayeyiqwalasela yonke into eyenzeka ngexesha longquzulwano kwaye esazi umgibe owawenziwe yinkosana yelizwe elikude wamenza isiqalekiso ekungekho mntu waziyo ngaye de kwalityalwa igama lakhe.
Emva kokuba bengoothixo, imiphefumlo yeentombi yakhokela indlela apho uthixokazi u-Ixchel wadibana khona nesithandwa sakhe kwindawo ephakamileyo esibhakabhakeni, yiyo loo nto bobabini baba nguthixo wenyanga onguIxchel no-Itzamna owaba nguthixo welanga.
Nangona le ntsomi yemvelaphi yamaMaya iya kugqiba xa uthixo u-Itzamná kumdlali wothando uya kunika uthixokazi u-Ixchel ukukhanya kwenyanga ukuze akhanyise ebusuku kwaye njengesipho umnika iqela lamantombazana aselula ukuba amgcine. inkampani ngobusuku ukuba iinkwenkwezi.
Uthixokazi u-Ixchel kunye neempawu zakhe
Uthixokazi u-Ixchel owaziwa ngokuba sisithixokazi sothando, kuba kwinkolo yamaMaya kukho izithixo, enye yezona nkcubeko zibanzi kwaye zibalulekileyo ezathi zasekwa kwingingqi yaseMesoamerican. Bonke oothixo benkcubeko yamaMaya babenxulumene neenkwenkwezi, indalo, indalo kunye nokuhamba kwexesha.
Ngesi sizathu, uthixokazi u-Ixchel waziwa njengenenekazi lenyanga, enegunya lemijikelo eyahlukileyo yesathelayithi yendalo yoMhlaba, ukwabizwa ngokuba sisithixokazi sezesondo kunye nokukhulelwa kunye nokuchuma. abafazi bathembela kuye ukuze ukuzala kwabo kukhuseleke kuze kukhusele iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa.
Kukho incwadi engcwele eyaziwa ngokuba nguChilam Balam, apho kuchazwa intsomi yempucuko yamaMaya, ekubeni phantse zonke iincwadi zempucuko yamaMaya zatshiswa ngamaSpanish xa zifika eMelika, kule ncwadi igama likathixokazi u-Ixchel uye watshiswa. njengentsingiselo "Umfazi weRainbow" ngoxa kweminye imibhalo-ngqangi uthixokazi enxibelelene nokuzoba, ubugcisa, amalaphu, amayeza namagqirha.
Phakathi kweyona mifanekiso imele isithixokazi u-Ixchel sinokumfumana iimpahla zakhe zokuluka ezinesixhobo sokuluka esinqeni sakhe kwaye sisixhobo esisebenzisekayo uthixokazi awasinika abantu kwaye oku kubangele ukuba bamnxulumanise nezigcawu.
Ngale ndlela, kwinkcubeko yamaMayan kunye neMesoamerican, kuthiwa intambo yayo yayiyilaphu lobomi, intambo ye-umbilical eya kuthi ifanekisele i-placenta.
Kweminye imifanekiso kunye nemifanekiso yomqolomba ekhoyo malunga nesithixokazi u-Ixchel, kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini zobuso bakhe kweyokuqala eyaziwa ngokuba ngumfazi omhle ohamba nomvundla. Eli candelo lokuqala lothixokazi u-Ixchel livela kwixesha lakudala phakathi kwe-250 kunye ne-950 AD, eliya kumela inyanga.
Kwelinye icala likathixokazi u-Ixchel, ufana nexhegwazana eligalela amanzi engqayini kwaye oku kunobudlelwane obuninzi, eyokuqala yeyokuba ihlobene nokufa kuba kubonakala inyoka ejijekileyo entloko okanye emathanjeni. ukumila kwi skirt yakhe.
Kodwa kwangaxeshanye oku kunxulumene nezaqhwithi ezinamandla kunye nentshabalalo eshiya uMhlaba uyinkangala kwaye uzele zizidumbu. Ngale ndlela, uthixokazi u-Ixchel uyaziwa ngobuntu obumnyama kwaye onobundlobongela obunokohlwaya uluntu ngokuvelisa izikhukula kunye nezivunguvungu ezinamandla eziza kubangela umonakalo omkhulu.
Xa ifunyenwe kulo mbandela, imelwa ngumfanekiso womfazi obhinqe inyoka entanyeni yakhe kwaye entloko enxibe izihombiso zamathambo omntu kwaye iinyawo zakhe zinemilo efana nozipho ezibonakala zisongela, zifana kakhulu. kwiinzipho zokhozi.
Ngendlela efanayo, abemi benkcubeko yamaMaya badibanisa unkulunkulukazi u-Ixchel kunye neendlela ezine zendalo yonke, eziye zabonakaliswa ngemibala emnyama, ebomvu, ephuzi kunye nemhlophe.
uthixokazi wenyanga
Njengabantu abaninzi bamandulo, amaMayans adala inkcubeko enkulu yoothixo noothixokazi abamele izinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Kulo mkhosi woothixo, isithixo u-Ixchel ugqama njengothixokazi omhlophe wenyanga.
Uthixokazi wamaMaya u-Ixchel wayenamandla okunika ubomi kuzo zonke izidalwa, ekubeni enoxanduva lokulawula ukuzalwa kweentsana kunye nokuphilisa abantu abachatshazelwa yimpilo.
Njengoko inegunya lokulawula inyanga nokutshintsha komjikelo wayo, kwelinye icala inamandla okohlwaya uluntu ukuba ayihoywa okanye ingahoywa ngokuthumela izaqhwithi ezinkulu ezikhukulisa iidolophu, ekubeni zinokumela imiqondiso yokufa.
Uthixokazi u-Ixchel ukwindawo ebekeke kakhulu kwizithixo zaseMayan, engumfazi kathixo ongusomandla u-Itzamna owayengumdali wehlabathi nonxulunyaniswa nenkwenkwezi ilanga. Aba thixo babetshatile babengabazali babantwana abalishumi elinesithathu.
Abona bantwana babalaseleyo bothixokazi u-Ixchel ngu Yum Kaax, onguthixo wezityalo zasendle kunye nezilwanyana ezibaluleke kakhulu kubazingeli, kunye nabalimi abafuna ukuba izityalo zabo zikhululeke kumarhamncwa.
Omnye woonyana ababalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yamaMaya yesithixokazi u-Ixchel ngu-Ek hayi, owayebizwa ngokuba nguthixo wekoko kunye neemfazwe, kunye nokuba ngumgcini wabo bonke abarhwebi baseMayan. Abanye abantwana bothixokazi u-Ixkeli babephakathi kwemibingelelo eyayisenziwa, ngoxa iintombi zothixokazi zazingoothixo bamanzi, baseparadesi, noothixo basebusuku.
Iitempile apho kuhlonelwa khona uthixokazi u-Ixchel
Njengoko engomnye woothixokazi ababalulekileyo benkcubeko yamaMaya, ukongeza kwinto yokuba amaMaya abonisa inani elikhulu lamandla angaphezu kwendalo kulo thixokazi, iitempile ezininzi zakhiwa kuwo wonke ummandla wamaMaya egameni likathixokazi u-Ixchel ngokulandelelana. ukuba banikele kuyo iminikelo neminikelo.
Eyona Tempile imeleyo eyakhiwe egameni lakhe yileyo ikwiSiqithi saseCuzamil, ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba yiXcaret. Ngokutsho kweentsomi kunye neentsomi, amakholwa aye kutyelela itempile ukuze akwazi ukubonisana ne-oracle yesithixokazi u-Ixchel.
Abona bantu babesiya kwezi ndibano yayingabafazi ababefuna ukukhulelwa okanye ababesele bekwiminyaka yokuzala ngenjongo yokubongoza uthixokazi nokucela ubabalo nenceba yakhe ukuze bakhulelwe.
“Enye yezona nkolelo zibalulekileyo zamaMaya yayikukuba abantu ababesiya kwiitempile zabo baze bazise iminikelo kuzo babeya kunandipha inkuselo nombulelo wabo."
Esinye isiza esibalulekileyo apho uthixokazi u-Ixchel wayenqulwa khona saziwa ngokuba yi-Isla de las Mujeres, ekuLwandle lweCaribbean, kufutshane kakhulu neYucatan Peninsula. Nangona kubhaliwe embalini ukuba esi siqithi safunyanwa ngabantu baseSpeyin xa uhambo lukaFrancisco Hernández de Córdoba lwaqhutywa ngonyaka we-1517.
Nangona esi siqithi sasisele sinabantu kwaye babezinikele kunqulo lwesithixokazi u-Ixchel, iminikelo yobufazi yayinikelwa apho. Ngokutsho kwembali, amakholwa awayesiya engcweleni abeka izipho zawo elunxwemeni, ngoko xa amaSpanish afika kweso siqithi afumana inani elikhulu lamadini awayesenzelwa uthixokazi uIxchel.
Ngale ndlela bagqiba kwelokuba bathiye isiqithi i-Ixchel. Okwangoku kukho iitempile ezininzi kunye neendawo ezingcwele ezinikezelwe kuthixokazi u-Ixchel, ubukhulu becala kwi-Yucatan Peninsula nakwisiqithi saseCozumel, nangona kwesi siqithi kukho umfanekiso wesithixokazi u-Ixchel, amanye amakholwa ambhidanisa neNtombi Enyulu uMariya ukuba ungowabani. kunqulo lobuKristu nakwiso siqithi zombini ziyahlonelwa yaye abathembekileyo bahamba minyaka le ukuya kuzisa iminikelo yobabalo abalufumeneyo.
Intsomi Yokuba Nguthixokazi WeNzala
KumaMayans, kwakukholelwa ukuba uthixokazi u-Ixchel wayenguthixokazi wenyanga, kwaye wachitha ixesha lakhe ejikeleza esibhakabhakeni kwaye xa wayengekho elundini, walala kwi-cenotes kunye nenye yezona ntsomi ezimele kakhulu. Uthixokazi wamaMaya u-Ixchel nguye owayenento yokwenza nenzala.
Kule ntsomi kuxelwa ukuba ekuqaleni komlilo omtsha, abafazi banikwa isipho sokuzala umbulelo kuthixo u-Ixchel, yiyo loo nto le ntsomi itheko labanjwa ngabafazi njengesithethe samaMaya esibanika amasiko nezipho .
Ukuba ulifumene eli nqaku malunga nesithixokazi samaMaya u-Ixchel ubalulekile, ndikumema ukuba undwendwele la makhonkco alandelayo: