Kwiikona ezikude kakhulu zehlathi laseAmazon, kukho eyona mfihlelo yendalo: i-shoebill. (Balaeniceps rex). Le ntaka emangalisayo, eyaziwa ngokuba isihlangu ngesiNgesi, iye yabangela umdla izazinzulu kunye nabathandi be-ornithology ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Inkangeleko yayo yangaphambili kunye nokuziphatha kwayo okukhethekileyo kuyenza ibe lolona butyebi bumangalisayo bezinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukeneyo zesi sijikelezi-langa sethu.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa iimpawu ezahlukileyo ze-shoebill, indawo yokuhlala, ukuziphatha kwayo, kunye nemeko yangoku yokulondoloza le ntaka inomdla. Siza kuthetha nangendlela yabo yokuzala kunye nokuvela kwabo. Funda yonke into oyifunayo malunga nale ntaka eneempawu ezinzulu ze-atavistic: iphepha lezihlangu, imfihlelo yendalo.
Iimpawu zeShoebill
iphepha lezihlangu luhlobo olukhulu lweentaka zasemanzini ezifumaneka kwi-Afrika ekwi-sub-Sahara. Igama layo lenzululwazi, Balaeniceps rex, iphuma kumzekeliso wayo neminenga kunye nenkangeleko yayo esemthethweni. Indoda endala inokufikelela ku ukuphakama ukuya kwi-1,5 yeemitha kunye nobunzima malunga ne-5 kg; ngelixa iimazi zithande ukuba zincinci. Amaphiko ayo amalunga neemitha ezi-2,5, nto leyo eyenza ibe yintaka ebukekayo.
Eyona nto ibalaseleyo ye-shoebill yiyo incopho enkulu, enokufikelela kwiisentimitha ezingama-24 ubude. Lo mlomo ubanzi, uchongiwe, kwaye unencam ezijijekileyo., nto leyo eyinika inkangeleko yesinye kunye neyangaphambili. Ukongeza, umbala wayo uphambili ngwevu, nge iintsiba ezishinyeneyo kunye nentlabathi yeentsiba ephakama ukusuka ngasemva kwentloko yakhe, yongeza ubukhosi ngakumbi kwinkangeleko yakhe.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokuhanjiswa
I-shoebill yintaka ekhethekileyo leyo ihlala kwimigxobhozo, imigxobhozo kunye nemigxobhozo amanzi angekho nzulu kumbindi nakwimpuma Afrika. Ukusasazwa kwayo kususela eSouth Sudan naseUganda ukuya eZambia naseMzantsi Afrika, nangona uluhlu lwayo luya luqhekeka ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuzingela ngaphandle kwemvume.
Ezi ntaka zinomtsalane ngokukhethekileyo nobuchule bokuhlala kwindawo enezityalo ezixineneyo, nto leyo ibanika ukhuseleko kwaye yenza kube lula ukuzingela amaxhoba abo. Uhlaza oluxineneyo lwasemanzini lubavumela ukuba bazifihle kwaye bachwechwele amaxhoba abo ngempumelelo ngakumbi.
Ukuziphatha kunye nokondla
iphepha lezihlangu Yintaka ehlala yodwa nenendawo eneentloni phambi komntu. Ubukhulu becala i-crepuscular kunye ne-diurnal ngokwesiqhelo., yaye uchitha ixesha elininzi ephumle kuhlaza oluxineneyo ngasemanzini. Ebudeni bakusasa nasemva kwemini, iba namandla ngakumbi ekufuneni ukutya.
Ukutya kwabo ikakhulu kuqulathe iintlanzi, nangona isitya nezinye izilwanyana zasemanzini, ezifana namasele, izirhubuluzi kunye neentaka ezincinci zamanzi. Ukuzingela, i-shoebill ihlala ingashukumi emanzini, idibanisa kunye neendawo eziyingqongileyo kunye neentsiba kunye nokuma kwayo, emva koko ikhuphe uhlaselo olukhawulezayo nolubulalayo ngephepha lalo elinamandla ukuze libambe ixhoba lalo. Umlomo wayo womelele ngokwaneleyo ukubamba nokubamba iintlanzi ezinkulu, nto leyo eyenza ibe sesinye sezona zilwanyana zoyikekayo kwindawo ekuyo.
Ukuzala kunye nexesha lokuphila
I-shoebill ifikelela ekukhuleni ngokwesondo malunga ne-4 okanye i-5 yeminyaka ubudala. Ixesha lokuzala lidla ngokuba ngamaxesha eemvula. kwaye ukuthandana kwenzeka phakathi kwendoda nebhinqa ngokubonisa iintsiba kunye neentshukumo ezicacileyo.
Bobabini abazali bayabandakanyeka ekwakheni indlwane, edla ngokubekwa kwiqonga eliphakamileyo ngaphezu kwezityalo ezixineneyo kufutshane namanzi kunye nendawo ekhuselekileyo. Imazi ubeka iqanda elinye, elikhulu ngokumangalisayo, buluhlaza-luhlaza malunga nomzimba wakho. Ukufukamela kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-40. luxanduva lwendoda nenkazana. Emva kokuba intshontsho liqanduselwe, lityiswa ngeentlanzi ezibanjiswa ngabazali kufutshane nendlwane. Ukuzala kunokuba ngumngeni, njengoko i-shoebill iphakamisa intshontsho elinye ngexesha, ngoko ke ukusinda kwentshontsho kubalulekile ekuqhubeleni phambili kweentlobo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwixesha elilindelekileyo lokuphila, i-shoebill Iphila ixesha elide, iyakwazi ukuphila phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nama-50. Oku kuphila ixesha elide kubalelwa kubungakanani bayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lixhoba elingenamngciphekweni kumarhamncwa ayo endalo.
Ubume bolondolozo kunye nezoyikiso
Ngaphandle kokuchukumisa kwayo kunye nokungafani, i-shoebill ijongene noluhlu lwezoyikiso ezibeka engozini ukusinda kwayo. Ukuthotywa kweendawo zokuhlala ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu kunye nokuguqulwa kwemigxobhozo yezolimo kunye nokufudukela ezidolophini yeyona nto ixhalabisayo. Ukongeza, ukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokurhweba ngamaqanda kunye namantshontsho kukwabeka isoyikiso esibalulekileyo kumanani e-shoebill.
Nje ngeziphumo, i-shoebill ihlelwa njengezilwanyana ezisengozini ngokwe-International Union yoLondolozo lweNdalo (IUCN). Imibutho eyahlukahlukeneyo kunye nabalondolozi bendalo basebenza nzima ukukhusela indawo abahlala kuyo kunye nokwazisa ngokubaluleka kokulondoloza olu didi lukhethekileyo.
Ukuguquka kwemvelo
I-evolution ye-shoebill ibuyele kwizigidi zeminyaka. Kukholelwa ukuba inezinyanya zangaphambili ezinxulumene neentaka zamanzi kunye neentaka ezidla inyama. Umlomo wayo wophawu kunye nenkangeleko eyodwa iye yavela ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuze ilungele indawo ehlala emanzini kunye nesimbo sokuzingela.
Nangona iyinzala yeentlobo zeentaka zamandulo, i-shoebill iye yagcina ukumila kwayo eyahlukileyo ngexesha lokuvela kwayo kunye notshintsho oluncinci. Kungenxa yoko igcina iimpawu ze-atavistic zookhokho bayo kwaye ibonakala njengeentlobo ze-prehistoric kwixesha lethu. Yiloo nto le ntaka imela obona butyebi buntsonkothileyo bezinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
Ukukhusela i- shoebill ngumsebenzi womntu wonke
I-shoebill bubuncwane bendalo, ummangaliso wendalo oye wabamba ingcamango yabo banethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo lokuyibona le ntaka imangalisayo kwindawo yayo yendalo. Ubukhulu bayo obumangalisayo, ukuziphatha kwayo okungaqondakaliyo kunye nomlomo wayo ongaqondakaliyo kuyenza ibe sisilwanyana esikhethekileyo kwihlabathi leentaka.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ijongene nemingeni eyandayo kumlo wayo wokuphila, luxanduva lwethu ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela nokugcina olu hlobo lunomtsalane kunye nekhaya laso elibuthathaka kwimigxobhozo yase-Afrika.
Kuphela ngokulondolozwa kunye nemfundo sinokuqinisekisa ukuba i-shoebill ihlala iyinxalenye yehlabathi lethu lendalo. kwaye uqhubeke ukumangalisa izizukulwana ezizayo ngobukho bakho obuntsonkothileyo. Ngenxa yentlonipho yendalo, kukho olu hlobo lukhethekileyo njengoko lukwisinye: masikhusele iphepha lezihlangu, imfihlelo yendalo.