I-cosmogony yaseMexico ihlonitshwa kakhulu kungekuphela kweli lizwe, kodwa kwihlabathi liphela. Iinkolelo ezibekwe ngamaMayans zezona zityebileyo ezinokufumaneka kwimbali yehlabathi. Ngesi sihlandlo, i Ilitye lelanga lugqaliselo lokunika eli nqaku linika umdla.
Imbali yeLitye leLanga
Lilitye le-monolithic elibekwe kwixesha le-Mesoamerican postclassic. Kucingelwa ukuba ukubonakala kwayo okokuqala kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka ye-1250 kunye ne-1521 BC Ngokuqinisekileyo akukho lwazi malunga nombhali weLitye leLanga, okanye ixesha elichanekileyo eliqingqwe ngalo. Nangona kunjalo, ababhali-mbali baye baphanda ukuba le nto yayiza kusetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa komzobo owenziwe ngamatye aphezulu yi-Mexica kwiminyaka yabo yokugqibela karhulumente.
Ngokwezibhengezo zika-Diego Durán, imisela ukuba iLitye leLanga linobukhulu obukhulu, ngokukrolwa kweentsuku, iinyanga kunye neeveki ezingama-21 kwikhalenda yayo. Ngeli xesha, uJuan de Torquemada kwenye yemibhalo yakhe edumileyo ubukhosi baseIndiya ubonisa uMoctezuma Xocoyotzin njengenkosi eyayalela abantu bayo ukuba beze nelitye elikhulu elalifihlwe eTenanitla eTenochtitlán
Mhlawumbi, i-bedrock yayiyimveliso yokuqhuma okukhulu kwe-volcano ye-Xitle, ukuya kwinqanaba lokufuduswa ukusuka eSan Ángel ukuya kwidolophu yaseXochimilco. Igama lika Ezequiel Ordoñez lingaphaya kwengqondo ukuqonda imbali yePiedra del Sol, kuba imisela ukuba iliwa yi-olivine basalt. Ngombulelo kubunzima obungaqhelekanga, ilitye larhuqwa malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-22 ukuya eTenochtitlan.
Ngexesha loloyiso, eli litye likhulu lalihlala kuSodolophu weTemplo. Uncedo lwaluhlala luhlala kwindawo yalo yangasemva, oko kukuthi, lwaluhlala luvezwe kule nvalelo. Xa uAlonso de Montúfar wayephethe ubhishophu omkhulu eMexico, wayala ukuba iLitye leLanga lingcwatywe kuloo ndawo ngenjongo yokuba amarhamente agcine kwinkumbulo yawo yonke imibingelelo yemibingelelo eyenziwa kuyo.
Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, uthotho lweenguqu kumthetho zenza imisinga emitsha eNew Spain, ngenxa yesigunyaziso seViceroy Juan Vicente de Güemes. Phakathi kwezi zilungiso, ucele ukuphuculwa kwezinye izitalato kunye neendawo zoluntu. Usodolophu wePlaza ngomnye wabaxhamli abakhulu kula malungiselelo oyilo, kunye nokubandakanywa kwenkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi kunye nomgangatho womgangatho wayo.
NgoDisemba 17, 1790, ngoxa umakhi obalaseleyo ngelo xesha uJosé Damián Ortiz de Castro wafumanisa iPiedra del Sol xa wayelungisa iindledlana zeendlela zikaSodolophu wasePlaza. Ilitye laliziimitha ezingama-60 ukusuka kwiSango elikhulu leVirreinal kunye ne-40cm kwisiqingatha seyadi. Ukukhupha emhlabeni, i-pulley ephindwe kabini yayifuneka ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu beli litye le-Mayan elenza i-cosmogony yesizwe.
U-Antonio de León y Gama waya kwindawo ukuze aphande kancinci malunga nemvelaphi yeLitye leLanga, kunye nentsingiselo yalo mzuzu wokufunyanwa. Ngokoluvo lukaChavero, yayingulo mlinganiswa wokugqibela owayelawula ilitye njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuqonda ikhalenda yama-Aztec yamandulo. Ngaba uyazi konke Iintsomi zamaMaya? Sukuyeka ukuyenza, kuba inika umdla kakhulu.
Kamva, uGama wafaka isicelo kuJosé Uribe, owayeyicanon ngelo xesha, ukuze iLitye leLanga lingangcwatywa, ngenxa yokuba esi senzo sisithethe sobuhedeni, esinembali yokungcwatywa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Umphandi ugxininisa ukubaluleka kokufumana izikhumbuzo ezivela kwixesha elidlulileyo e-Italy, ukwenzela ukuhlangula i-essence yayo encinci, ukuvumela ukuphuculwa kweLitye leLanga.
Ixesha elikhulayo apho izikhumbuzo zezakhiwo zande zavumela iLitye leLanga ukuba libe nomtsalane emehlweni oluntu lonke. I-monolith yaba yimpumelelo kakhulu emva kokufunyanwa kwayo ngo-1790 ngokukhuthazwa okupheleleyo kwesifundo sayo ukutyhila zonke iinkcukacha zemvelaphi yayo yokwenyani. UGama ude agqamise ukuba lilitye elinobugcisa obukhulu, nelithi litsale ingqalelo yomntu wonke ngoko nangoko.
NgoJulayi 2, 1791, i-monolith yaba yinxalenye yeMetropolitan Cathedral kwelinye lamacala ayo asentshona. UAlexander von Humboldt wayejongene nokufunda ngokubanzi inkalo ye-iconographic ye-Stone of the Sun. Esinye isiganeko esingaqhelekanga esidibanisa le ngxondorha kukungenelela kwe-United States eMexico, usebenzisa into ekujoliswe kuyo kwi-Plaza Mayor.
Kwiminyaka ethile kamva, ngowe-1855 ukuba kanye kanye, iPiedra del Sol yatshintshelwa kwiMonolith Gallery, eseCalle Moneda, ngenxa yesicelo esenziwa nguJesús Sánchez, umalathisi welo ziko. Kwiminyaka elithoba emva koko, kwenziwa olunye utshintsho kwindawo ukuze yenze iMyuziyam yeAnthropology neMbali.
Descripción
Yonke into elele kwiLitye leLanga inomdla ngokwenene, kuba ichaza umbono onzima ukuba amaMayans abe nawo kwihlabathi ukususela ekudalweni kwawo. Kwangoko, zonke iinkcukacha ezifihliweyo ezinayo le monolith yamandulo exatyiswe kakhulu. Ngaba uyazi ukuba zithini na oothixo bama-aztec kunye nokuphelela kwayo? Mhlawumbi lo mbuzo yinto eqhubekayo onokuyifumana ngokukhawuleza.
idiski yeziko
I-Beyer kunye neCaso zezokuqala zinendlela yekhonkrithi kwidiski ephakathi. Zombini zibonisa uthixo welanga uTonatiuh kunye nemela yedini esekwe ematyeni. Ekubeni engenazo izandla, esi sithixo sineenzipho ezibambe intliziyo yomntu. Isishwankathelo, olu luluvo luka-Alfonso Caso ngokunxulumene nale ndawo yelitye:
«Embindini weLitye leLanga unokubona ngokucacileyo ubuso beTonatiuh. Kuba iziphelo zayo ziinzipho, ezilinganisa kakuhle kakhulu imilenze yalo naluphi na ukhozi. Kuzo kukho intliziyo yomntu ecinezelekileyo. Umbono wama-Aztec welanga usengqiqweni, kuba amandla alo athelekisa nokhozi olubhabha phezulu kusasa.
U-Navarrete kunye noHaydn ngo-1974 bayagatya izibhengezo ze-Beyer kunye ne-Coso ukuqinisekisa ukuba isithixo esisembindini yi-Tlaltecuhtli. Lo thixo ngoyena ubalaseleyo kubo bonke abemi besiNahuatl, yaye abemi baso banqula kakhulu. Kule meko, iinzipho ezimbini ezibalaseleyo zokhozi zidla ngokubonwa xa zikunye nesangqa. Kwindawo yangasemva yenye yezangqa ezizi-4 zizonke.
Kuzo zonke izangqa ezikhankanyiweyo ilanga lesihlanu lizalwa, ekugqibeleni liyimvelaphi yomntu waseNahuatl. Ukutya okuyimfuneko kolu lwamandulo ngumbona onamanzi. Ibali leLanga liyakwazi ukuchaza ukuzalwa ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi.
amaxesha amane
Akunakwenzeka ukushiya eceleni ii-eras ezine okanye ilanga elinesine eliphakathi kokumelwa. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuba ukudityaniswa kwezi zinto kubangela ukuzalwa kweLanga lesihlanu, kunye nobukho bangoku kwinkcubeko.
- Kummandla ongasentla ngasekunene kukho umfanekiso we<em>jaguar ezi-4, ezibhekisela kwiminyaka engama-676. Ixesha lokuqala le-Mexica lifikelela kuvuthondaba ngeli xesha ngenxa yezidalwa ezoyikekayo ezaphuma ebusweni bomhlaba ukuze ziphelise lonke uluntu lwelo xesha.
- Kwindawo esekhohlo kukho umoya we-4, kunye nomdlalo oqinisekileyo wokuya kuthi ga kunyaka wama-364, ngenxa yesiganeko somoya, iinkanyamba kunye nezaqhwithi ezigungqise impucuko. Abemi abangengabo abehlabathi wajika waba ziinkawu.
- Ngaphantsi komoya we-4 isangqa semvula ye-4, enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yaseMexico. Ngesi sihlandlo, imvula yomlilo ngonyaka we-312 yaguqula bonke abemi kwii-turkeys.
- Ekugqibeleni, kukho isangqa sokugqibela, amanzi ama-4, esona sikufutshane nehlabathi njengoko sinjalo. Ukutshona emanzini kuphelise uluntu lonke ngonyaka wama-676.
Njengoko kubonisiwe, onke amaxesha anonyaka oqinisekileyo okhokelela kuhlobo lwentlekele yokuvala umjikelo obalulekileyo eluntwini. Nangona kunjalo, ukubona unyaka ochanekileyo kwisangqa ngasinye kufuneka ube neprism ye-Aztec. Ngokufanayo, ama-676, 312, kunye nama-364 anento enye abafana ngayo: ngamnye kuloo minyaka ziziphindaphinda ze-52.
I-52 ibaluleke kakhulu kwikhalenda yaseMexico, kuba ilingana nenkulungwane epheleleyo kwi-cosmogony yabo. Emva kokuthetha oko, kukho izangqa ezibini zelanga eziye zathatha iinkulungwane ze-13: i-4 jaguar kunye ne-4 yamanzi, enye yezona zinto zibulalayo kuluntu, kunye neziganeko ezingaqhelekanga eziye zaphela ngokumangalisayo ngamaxesha amabini e-transcendental. I-364 yi-7 yeenkulungwane, ngelixa i-213 iminyaka yi-6. Oko kwathiwa, isimbuku seenkulungwane kwi-Sun Stone yi-13, 7, 6, kunye ne-13.
Isimbuku senkulungwane nganye yama-Aztec ngokwahlukeneyo sinika isimbuku esingama-39. Ukuba iingcali zezibalo zijonga lo mfanekiso, ziya kuqonda ukuba u-39 sisiphindaphinda se-13, ngoxa amaxesha amabini athile (7+6) nawo adibanisa ukuya kutsho kwi-13. eli nani liya kuba licacile njengenxalenye yenkcubeko yaseMexica ngale ndlela ilandelayo: 13-13-13. Ukuba oku akwanelanga, inani lama-52 liphinda-phinda ka-13, ngoko ke eli Litye leLanga lifihla idatha yamanani engaqhelekanga kakhulu.
Amanqaku ekhadinali
Kanye njengokuba iLitye leLanga linesangqa ngasinye selanga, nalo linenkangeleko yamanqaku ekhadinali. Umzekelo, kukho uphawu olungasentla 1 Flint, uphawu 1 imvula emazantsi, empuma nge xiuhuitzolli uphawu lwe-heraldic kunye nentshona, i-mono 7th inkulungwane. Kwinqaku ngalinye lekhadinali kulula ukufumana iqela elicatshangelwayo leempawu, ezithatha iiveki ezintlanu kwiqela leenyanga ezintathu ukwenza unyaka.
umsesane wokuqala
Lo msesane ubaluleke kakhulu kwinkcubeko yaseMexico, kuba ubala iintsuku ezingcwele ezingama-20 ezenziwe ngokusemthethweni kwiTonalpohualli. Into enomdla malunga nemeko yindibaniselwano nganye kwezi ntsuku ezinamanani ali-13, kuba ukubunjwa okunjalo kubangela iminyaka. Phakathi kwezinto zayo eziphambili ezazinomdla, le mihla yabhalwa kwi-codex esekelwe kwisikhumba sexhama, ukugcina ubungqina bayo yonke into eyenzekayo kwi-tonalámatl.
Ulwakhiwo lwale khalenda ekukhululweni kwayo emhlabeni lwaluquka isimbuku esingama-260. Njengoko yayingama-20 kuphela kuwo awayenegama elithile, umsebenzi omele uphuhliswe kukudityaniswa kwawo onke amagama ukuze enze isixa esingaphezu kwamanani amathathu, okanye Ukungagqibeki kwayo, inani elikhulu kuno-21. Inani elisisiseko li kunye nenani lokugqibela, 13, ngokohlobo lwamanqaku.
I-Tonalpohualli inophawu oluthile, ukuba kuphela ubukrelekrele baseMexicas bukwazi ukucinga: ikhalenda kwishumi elinesithathu (iiveki ezingama-20 zeentsuku ze-13) apho i-5 yayimiselwe umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla kwaye intsalela yokuphumla okanye ukuzihlola. Ulwahlulo lweeshedyuli lwalubandakanya iiyure ezili-13 zosuku kunye nezinye ezisi-9 zobusuku (ngokuqhelekileyo apho umzimba uphumla de ulale). Oko kuthethiweyo, lixesha lokuba ufunde kancinci malunga neentsuku zokubhaptizwa:
Cipactli: Olu suku luphakathi kwe-axis yaseMpuma kwikhalenda. Sisilwanyana esinoburhalarhume esinesiqingatha sengwenya kunye nesiqingatha sentlanzi (nangona sikwabonwa njengoluhlobo lwecikilishe). Umgangatho wayo kukulamba ngalo lonke ixesha losuku, ukwandisa ingozi yayo. Kuthathwa njengesidalwa saselwandle kuphela ngexesha laso, de uQuetzalcoatl wabulala ukuqalisa indalo yonke. Ngomzimba wonke we-monster wadala umhlaba, ngoncedo lwabanye oothixo abathatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo.
Xa oothixo bahlula umzimba we-cipactli, badala izulu nomhlaba. Ingxaki enkulu yothixo yayikukuba indoda ibekwe phi kwindawo evulekileyo, ingazi nokuba mayenze ntoni. Kamva, bathabatha imithi ethile ukuze bahlukanise isiqingatha somhlaba. Kwangokunjalo bahlula phakathi kwehlabathi labaphilileyo nabafileyo. Uncwadi lwesiGrike kunye nesiLatini lukhankanye ngogxininiso olukhulu zonke Oothixo baseOlympus, ukubaluleka kwayo kunye namandla ekumele ukuba uwazi ngokungathandabuzekiyo.
Usuku lokuqala lwale khalenda luxhaswa nguthixo uTonacatecuhtli, oyintloko yokuzala okanye ukutya. Waba nenxaxheba enkulu ekudaleni ihlabathi, ukongezelela ekwahluleni umhlaba kuzo zonke iilwandle ezikhoyo. Igama lakhe ngolwimi lwama-Aztec lithetha "iNkosi yenyama yethu okanye inkosi yesondlo" ngokuba ngumboneleli wentlalontle yabantu bokuqala ababehlala emhlabeni.
Ehecatl: Unguthixo womoya ngokobungqina benkcubeko yaseMesoamerican. Ifana kakhulu ne-Quetzalcōātl ngokwemigaqo ye-physiognomy yenyoka eyoyikisayo ukuba xa ijongwa ibonisa amandla amangalisayo. Ikwagcina ikhonkco nokuzalwa kwendalo yonke, kuba ngenxa yokuphefumla kwayo yatsala imvula ukuze kukhule izityalo. Ngaphandle koko, ngesi senzo sinye wenza ilanga liphume ukuze lisasaze imvula ayidalileyo ngamandla akhe.
Olunye uphawu lwalo kukunika ubomi kuyo yonke into ekwimo yokuphumla, okanye imizimba engasebenziyo. Wafika wathandana nomntu ogama linguMayah. Nanjengoko ingazange ibuyiswe, ivule ithuba lokuba bonke abantu bavuse isakhono sabo sokuthanda ukuqaphela uthando lwentombazana. Uthando awayenalo lo thixo ngoMaya lwabonakaliswa kumfanekiso womthi onamagqabi. Okokugqibela, lusuku lwesibini olubekwe kwindawo esemantla ePiedra del Sol.
calli: Intsingiselo yeli gama ngolwimi lwaseMexico lithi "indlu". Uthixo okhusela yonke imithombo yolu suku nguTepeyollotl, umdali ophezulu weentaba, iintaba, iinduli, iinduli, i-echoes kunye nokungcangcazela. Kuyo nayiphi na ifoto yemifanekiso ibonakala ikwimo yejaguar. Ibonisa umthombo wombingelelo wawo onke amarhamncwa awayephila ngaphambi komkhukula omkhulu, ochazwe kwisangqa selanga se-4 samanzi.
Yintliziyo yomhlaba kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha kukho inyikima, isandi sezibilini zomhlaba sisikhuzo esivela kulo thixo, ukunyanzelisa amandla akhe. Ibonakaliswa emantla ekhalenda, kuba lusuku lwesithathu lokuqaqambisa le Mexica cosmogony.
Cuetzpalin: Intsingiselo kabani "icilikishe" kulwimi lwamandulo lwaseMexico. Intshona yolu suku lwesine ngumzantsi. Abo bazalwa ngolu suku lwesine bamelwe kakuhle nguthixo u-Huehuecóyotl, umkhululi omkhulu wezobugcisa, imidaniso yomthendeleko, umkhuseli wabo bonke abafikisayo kunye nabantu abadala. Owona mfanekiso uxhaphakileyo walo thixo ngulowo wemvukazi engqungqa ngezandla neenyawo ngamacangci ahombise ubukho bayo.
Inkcubeko iye yafumanisa ukuba le coyote ngumfanekiso ohlekisayo wazo zonke izizwe zaseMntla Melika eziye zaqhathwa. Nangona kunjalo, lo mlinganiswa yincutshe ekuculeni iingoma zekwayala namabali. Icala lakhe elibi liyelenqe aqhele ukulenza lokubangela usukuzwano phakathi kwamacala amabini, ukusa kwinqanaba lokubangela iimfazwe ukwanelisa ukukruquka kwakhe.
Abantu baseMexico baye bafikelela kwisivumelwano sokuba i-coyote, endaweni yokuba ngumlingiswa ongendawo, yajika yaba ngumthombo wobuqili bonke abantu abazalwe ngolu suku lwesine. Amadoda amahle kakhulu afana nalo thixo, ngenxa yobukho abubekayo ekuqaleni koqhagamshelwano. Phakathi kwezinye iingcamango, ubulumko bomntu buxhasa le mithombo ikhuselweyo.
ingubo: Ikhusela intsingiselo efanayo yenyoka, efana nekathixo uQuetzalcóatl. Uthixokazi ojongene nokumela le mini nguChalchiuhtlicue, inkosi yawo onke amachibi kunye nemilambo emikhulu. Ngumhla wesihlanu ukuba inyoka ilawula kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu, ikuloluhlu njengothixokazi owamisa ulwelo kuzo zonke impucuko yaseMntla Melika. Abemi bamandulo baseMexico banike uhambo lwabo kulo thixo, ukuba babuye nempilo kwaye zonke iiprojekthi zizalisekile.
Nguye onoxanduva lokukhanyisa isangqa sesine kwiLitye leLanga.Ngelixa uChalchiuhtlicue wayelawula umhlaba, ulawulo lwakhe lonke lwalugutyungelwe ngamanzi. Ngonogumbe onamandla kakhulu owatshabalalisa imimandla ethile, wayigibisela ngamatye iTrone yakhe ukuze abe nguthixokazi owoyikeka. Wayenamandla okuguqula abantu abaninzi babe ziintlanzi.
Miquiztli: Usuku lwesithandathu lwale khalenda lukwindawo engasentla yekhadinali kwiMexica cosmogony. I-Tecciztecatl, inkumba enobuntu obubalaseleyo. Wayenethuba lokuba lilanga, kodwa akazange akwazi ukuba yinyanga. Lo thixo ukhuselwe sisibhakabhaka ebusuku.
Mazatlán: I-West yindawo eyikhadinali yolu suku oluthile kwikhalenda. Igama lithetha "ixhama" uthixo walo ongumkhuseli ngu tlaloc, inkosi yeemvula kunye nezaqhwithi. Inkcubeko ibonisa ukuba ihlonitshwa ngenyanga yokuqala yonyaka wama-Aztec, ukufafaza izityalo zayo.
Tochtli: Usuku lomvundla lubekwe kwindawo esezantsi yekhadinali ngokweTonalpohualli. UMayahuel unguthixokazi ophethe ukukhusela zonke iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa ngolu suku. Unxulunyaniswa nabanye oothixokazi bomnombo wakhe, njengabo baxhasa abafazi kwiibhedi zabo zokubeleka. Inceda ukubonelela ngeentyatyambo, ngakumbi kuzo zonke izityalo eziye zakhula nzima ngenxa yemozulu embi.
Atl: Amanzi lulwelo oluhlambulula lonke uluntu olwazalwa ngolu suku lulawulwa phantsi kwentsingiselo yasempuma. U-Xiuhtecuhtli unguThixo obalulekileyo kwiintsomi zaseMexico, kuba ngomlilo okanye ukushisa kwakhe unako ukunyamekela bonke abantu bale khalenda. Imbonakalo yakhe yeyomntu omdala onobuso obutyheli okanye obuorenji.
Xuhtecuhtli: Kwaziwa ngokuba yimini yenja, yiMictlantecuhtli, inkosi yabafileyo kwindawo nganye yemimandla yayo, umkhuseli oyintloko walo mhla. Ulawula ngokufanelekileyo umhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba kunye nehlabathi lethunzi. Iinwele zakhe zigobile kwaye amehlo akhe afana neenkwenkwezi.
ozomatli: Imini yenkawu inencam yayo yasentshona. Ngokungafaniyo nesithixo sangaphambili, uXochiplli yinkosana yeentyatyambo, inkosi yayo yonke into entle ehlala kwindalo. Luyolo oluguqulwa lube nguThixo, xa abantu besanelisa iminqweno yabo ngotywala nakweminye imibhiyozo.
Kukho ezinye iintsuku ezibalela le khalenda ibalulekileyo ngokumelwa kwiLitye leLanga elinala mazwi alandelayo:
- I-Malinalli.
- Acatl.
- ocelotl.
- Cuauhtli.
- cozcacuauhtli
- Ollin.
- Tecpatl.
- Quiáhuitl.
- Xochitl.
Isangqa sesibini
Eli candelo leLitye leLanga liqulethe izikwere ezininzi ezinomsebenzi othile. Kwimeko nganye kuzo ziintsuku ezintlanu zeveki. Ukongezelela, kukho ezinye iinqununu ezisibhozo ezine-angle eyahlukileyo ebhekisela kumanqaku ekhadinali.
Isangqa sesithathu
Ibekwe kwindawo esezantsi yeLitye leLanga Ngesi sihlandlo uthixo uXiuhcóatl ukhona, phantsi komzobo weenyoka zomlilo eziliqela ezijikeleze i-monolith. Zonke iindawo zeenyoka zahlulwe ukuze ziphakamisele ezulwini uthixo, ngelixa indawo nganye ijikelezwe ngumlilo omkhulu. Ukuba i-curious ijonge ngokusondeleyo, zonke iinyoka zenza inombolo ye-52, eyikhulu le-Aztec elisemthethweni elibonisa iLitye leLanga.
Kwindawo ephezulu yelitye kukho imikhondo yeenyoka, kodwa ngeli xesha umkhondo usemisileni, kude kube ngumhla weMatlactli. Ngokutsho kwembali yaseMexico, umhla onjalo ulele ngonyaka we-1479 njengenxalenye "yoMlilo omtsha".
Amanani
Ilitye leLanga linentsingiselo ebaluleke ngokwenene kwinkcubeko yaseMexico. Ukubaluleka kwayo kukhulu kangangokuba iibhanki ziye zasebenzisa amanani athile kwimali yawo egqwesileyo, njengale meko ilandelayo:
- Ingqekembe ye-5-centavo eyenziwe nge-nickel phakathi kwe-1905 kunye ne-1914. Ukusuka kwiLitye leLanga wakhupha umphumo wemitha yelanga, eyanika ingqiqo enemibala emihle kwimida yengqekembe ngokwempembelelo yokukhanya kwendalo.
- Ingqekembe ye-5 yeesenti eyenziwe nge-nickel, eyayisetyenziswa phakathi kowe-1936 nowe-1942, yawugcina loo mpembelelo yemitha yelanga eyayithandwa kakhulu kuhlelo lokuqala lwale ngqekembe.
- Ingqekembe yenickel yeesenti ezili-10 eyajikeleza ukususela ngowe-1936 ukusa kowe-1946 yayibonisa ukumenyezela kwelanga kwimitha. Kule meko, umphumo uyingxenye, kodwa awuzange uphelele.
- Ingqekembe ye-5-cent eyenziwe ngetsimbi yentsimbi yahlala ijikeleza iminyaka eyi-10. Ngeli xesha uhlobo lwepentagon lubonakala lubhalwe kwisiqwenga.
- Ingqekembe yentsimbi ye-10-centavo ethe yahlala ijikeleza ngexesha lika-1992 ukuya ku-2002 yamkelwa ngokuyinxenye yepentagon ebhalwe kwilitye leLanga. Ngo-2002 abazange baluyeke uyilo lwale ngqekembe, kodwa baye banciphisa kakhulu ubukhulu bayo bokuqala. .
- Iingqekembe ze-20-cent phakathi ko-1992 kunye no-2002 zazinezixhobo zokwakha ezingcono ezifana nobhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam zidityanisiwe. Kwakukho nepentagon ebhalwe kwisiqwenga ngendlela engaphelelanga. Emva kwe-2002 isiganeko esifanayo senzeke ngeengqekembe zangaphambili, kodwa zatshintsha ubhedu kunye ne-aluminium yensimbi engenasici.
- Ingqekembe ye-50-centavo eyenziwe ngobhedu kunye ne-aluminium eyajikeleza phakathi kwe-1992-2002 kunye nombhalo we-13 kwiLitye leLanga (ácatl) kunye nepentagon ebhalwe kwisiqwenga. Ngo-2002 kwenzeka into efanayo njengeengqekembe zangaphambili, kunye nokunciphisa ubungakanani bayo.
- I-Bimetallic 1-peso ngqekembe enentsimbi yensimbi engenasici, ukusuka kwi-1992 yaqala ukujikeleza kwayo ngendandatho ekhazimlayo kwimitha.
- I-bimetallic 2-peso ngqekembe eneziko le-bronze-aluminium kunye nentsimbi yensimbi engenasici imele iintsuku ezihambelanayo kwimiphetho nganye.
- I-5-peso ngqekembe ifana neyangaphambili kuzo zonke iinkalo, zombini ekwakhiweni kunye neminyaka yokwakha. Umahluko obalulekileyo kukunxulunyaniswa kweenyoka emaphethelweni.
- Ingqekembe ye-10-peso eyakhelwe embindini wayo ngezinto ze-cupro-nickel kunye nezinye nge-aluminiyam yobhedu. Ngaphakathi ungabona kancinci kwidiskhi esembindini yeLitye leLanga.
- Ingqekembe ye-500 yeepeso eyenziwe ngegolide ngokupheleleyo kwiNdebe yeHlabathi ka-1986. Ngeli xesha kuvela icwecwe elipheleleyo.