Iintaka ezidla inyama zizilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga eziye zatshintsha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo emizimbeni yazo eziluncedo xa kufikwa ekubambeni amaxhoba azo. Ezi ntaka zifumaneka kulo lonke ihlabathi. Zondla ngokusisiseko kwinyama yomdlalo wazo kwaye zinokuba semngciphekweni kakhulu ukuba indawo yazo yokuhlala ifumana utshintsho olukhulu olonakalisa indawo ezihlala kuyo. Makhe sifunde ngakumbi ngabo.
Iimpawu zeentaka ezidla inyama
Usenokuba uyazibuzaziyintoni na iintaka ezidla inyama? Ezi zizilwanyana nje ezidla inyama ezineempawu zomzimba ezilungelelanisiweyo ukuze kuqhutywe ukutya kwazo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, kuba ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo zeentaka, zinobuchwephesha obungenakulinganiswa bokuzingela obubenza ukuba baqine malunga nekhulu leepesenti kwiimeko. Ezi mpawu okanye iimpawu ezibenza bakhetheke kakhulu zezi:
- Umbono: Ezi ntaka zibonakaliswa ngokuba nombono obizwa ngokuba yi "binocular vision" ezivumela ukuba zigxile kuphela kwixhoba lazo kwaye zinyuse intsimi yazo yokubona. Iintaka ezidla inyama zixhomekeke ngakumbi kumandla azo okubona ukuze zifumane ukutya kwazo. Amehlo ayo makhulu kwaye alingana ne-15% yobunzima bayo.
- Iincopho: Ezi zilwanyana zinemilomo ebukhali, eyomeleleyo kwaye iyingozi eyenza ukuba zahluke kwezinye iindidi zeentaka. Le nxalenye yomzimba wawo ibalulekile, njengoko isetyenziselwa ukukrazula ixhoba, nangona ezinye iintaka ezidla inyama zikwasebenzisa imilomo yazo ukuze zibulale iintlanzi ezizibambisileyo.
- Imilenze: Ezi zidla ngokugcwala izihlunu ezomeleleyo kunye neenzipho ezibukhali eziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwintaka, kuba ingezizo zonke ezinobunzima obufanayo, ubude okanye ukumila kwazo kwaye iimpawu zazo ziyakuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwexhoba elityiwa yintaka. Zonke iintaka ezidla inyama zineminwe emine ekwaziyo ukwabiwa ngolu hlobo: 3 ukuya ngaphambili enye ngasemva okanye 2 ukuya ngaphambili nemibini ngasemva, oku kuya kuxhomekeka kudidi lwesilwanyana eso. Ulungelelwaniso lweminwe yabo lubanceda ukuba babambe ngcono ixhoba labo, bakhuseleke ngakumbi xa ukuqhelaniswa kwabo kwahlulwe ngokulinganayo kumacala omabini.
- Ukumamela: imvakalelo yokuva ezi zilwanyana idla ngokuba ntle kakhulu kuba oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekufumaneni ixhoba lazo, ngakumbi kwiintaka ezizingelayo ezizingelayo ngexesha lasebusuku kunye nezo zihlala kwindawo ezizele zizilwanyana ezahlukeneyo ezikwaziyo ukwenza ingxolo. Uninzi lwezi ntaka lubonakala ngokuba neentsiba ezithile ezimile okwediski nezibekwe entloko, kufutshane nemijelo yazo yokuva nezisebenza njengezandisi zesandi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iindlebe zazo zibe rhabaxa nangakumbi.
- Inkqubo yokwetyisa: Ezi zilwanyana zinenkqubo ethile yokwetyisa, zinesityalo apho kugcinwa khona ukutya, kodwa akutyiswa kule ndawo, ukumila kwayo kufana nengxowa. Kweso sityalo ezo zibini zepeyari ezingenakudliwa zigcinwe, umzekelo uya kuba ngamathambo okanye izikhonkwane zezilwanyana, ezi zigcinwe apho kwaye kamva zixoshwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
- Awu: Iintaka ezidla inyama ezihlala kwiindawo ezinjengamahlathi okanye amahlathi zinamaphiko amafutshane naxande ngakumbi azivumela ukuba zishukume ngelixa zibhabha ngaphandle kokungqubana nemithi okanye amatyholo kwaye zibambene kuzo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iintaka ezifumaneka kwiindawo ezibanzi kwaye ngaphandle kwemiqobo emininzi zinamaphiko amade kunye neentsiba ezichazwe ngakumbi kwiingcebiso. Iintsiba zeli lungu lomzimba weentaka ezidla inyama zinemifuziselo ekhethekileyo ezenza zingakwazi ukungaphawulwa xa zibhabha.
iintlobo zeentaka ezidla inyama
Zimbini zikhoyo Iintlobo zeentaka yexhoba, basenokuba ezinye ezifanayo zohlobo lwazo, nangona kunjalo, abanalo nakuphi na ukufana ngaphakathi kwitaxonomy yabo. Ke, besiza kuthetha ngeentaka ezidla inyama ezingaphindi zabelane nge-taxonomy, nangona kunjalo zinezinto ezifanayo phakathi kwazo, enye yezi mpawu ezabelana ngazo inokuba yindlela yazo yokufumana ixhoba kunye nohlobo lwayo. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zezi ntaka zezi:
- iintaka ezidla inyama
- Iintaka ezidliwayo zasebusuku (kolu hlobo kunokubakho iintaka ezinokuziphatha kwasemini)
Amagama kunye nemizekelo yeentaka ezidla inyama
Okokuqala, kufuneka sazi ukuba iintaka ezidliwayo ezidliwayo ziintlobo ezimbini zee-odolo, i-Falconiformes kunye ne-Accipitriformes, ezi zikwahlulahlulwe phakathi kweentsapho kunye neqela apho ngalinye lihlala khona.
Ngoku siza kwazi ukuba zeziphi iintsapho ezikuluhlu lweentaka ezitya inyama ye-Falconiformes:
- Cathartidae
- Pandionidae
- I-Accipitridae
- Sagittariidae
- I-Falconidae
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iintaka ezidliwayo zomyalelo we-Accipitriformes zohlulwe zibe ziintsapho ezilandelayo:
- I-Accipitridae
- Cathartidae
- Pandionidae
- Sagittariidae
Ekubeni sele siyazi oku, siza kuthetha ngezinye iintlobo zeentaka ezidliwayo kwaye sifumanise ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zabo eziphambili ezenza ukuba zihluke phakathi kohlobo lwazo.
Ukhozi olunempandla (Haliaeetus leucephalus)
El Ukhozi olunempandla Yintaka yelizwekazi laseMntla Melika, ingaphakathi komyalelo we-accipitriformes. Ezi zinokufikelela kwiimitha ezimbini ubude bephiko, ngoko ke zithathwa njenge intaka enkulu edla inyama. Bangabazingeli abakhethekileyo abanokuhlala kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendawo zokuhlala.
Zisenokusoloko zibonwa zisiba ixhoba lamanye amaxhalanga amancinci, eziwasukela ngokungayeki de afikelele usukelo lwazo. Ezi ntaka zithathwa njengohlobo oluthile kakhulu, oku kungenxa yobukhulu bazo kunye neentsiba ezimhlophe ezifumaneka kuzo zonke iintloko zazo, njengoko oku kucacile okucacileyo kwaye kuzenza zibe zodwa kwaye zaziwe kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele.
I-Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
Ngokuhambelana nomyalelo we-falconiformes, ezi ntaka zihlulwe kwii-subspecies ezili-19, zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwiplanethi, oku kuthetha ukuba ziintaka eziye zahamba ihlabathi lonke kwaye sele ziqhelana nezi ndawo zahlukeneyo.
Zinobukhulu obuziisentimitha ezingama-60 emzimbeni, ukuba amaphiko azo esandisiweyo ayalinganiswa anokuba malunga neesentimitha ezingama-120, ngoko sinokucinga ukuba iphiko ngalinye linobude obufana nolomzimba walo. Umhle iintaka Raptors Babonakalisa kakhulu ngenxa yoyilo lweentsiba zabo emzimbeni nasebusweni bazo, ezifana nemaski.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_Wth0g-zpU
Ukhozi oluHarpy (Harpia harpyja)
Oku kuthathwa njengenye yeentaka ezinkulu ezidliwayo, oku kungenxa yokuba ubungakanani bayo bunokufikelela kwimitha enye, ngelixa ubukhulu bamaphiko ayo amabini eyongeziweyo ubukhulu becala budlula iimitha ezimbini ubude, ukongeza koku, ezi nkozi zimangalisayo Zibukhali kakhulu. kunye neenzipho ezinamandla ezinokufikelela ngokulula kwi-15 centimeters, nto leyo eyenza ukuba babe ngabazingeli abanokuba yingozi kwaye bahle.
El Ukhozi lweharpy Ingowomyalelo we-accipitriformes kunye neendawo zayo zokuhlala zendalo ziya kuba ngamahlathi afumileyo afumaneka kwindawo esemazantsi yommandla waseMexico ukuya kumntla wommandla waseArgentina. Olunye lweempawu zabo ezimangalisayo, ngaphandle kobukhulu bazo, kukuba xa ezi ntaka ziziva zisengozini, iintsiba ezisentloko yazo ziye zithande ukushwabana kwaye zenze uhlobo oluthile lwecrest ezenza zibukeke zintle ngakumbi, zibe nkulu kwaye zinamandla ngakumbi.
Ukhozi lwegolide (Akwila chrysaetos)
Ezi ziintaka esinokuzifumana phantse kwihlabathi liphela, indawo yazo ihlala ifumaneka kwiintaba nakuloo mawa apho kukho iindidi ezininzi zamatye, kuba ukhozi lwegolide luthanda ukwenza iindlwane zalo phakathi kwamatye angaphakathi ezo ndawo.
Ziintaka ezinkulu ezinokudlula iimitha ezimbini ubude xa sibhekisa kubukhulu bamaphiko azo, ngelixa umzimba wazo unokufikelela kwi-90 centimeters okanye iimitha enye ubude.
Ukhozi olukhulu ( Haliaeetus pelagicus )
Le yintaka edla inyama ehlala kwiindawo zaselwandle, emilanjeni okanye emachibini, indawo yayo igxile kumazwe athile aseAsia anjengeJapan, Korea kunye neTshayina, nangona kunjalo, inokufumaneka kwezinye iindawo zaseRussia. Ithathwa njengeyona nto inzima kuzo zonke iintaka ezidla inyama, inokulinganisa ngaphezulu kweemitha ezimbini kubude bamaphiko ayo, ngelixa umzimba wayo unokufikelela kwimitha enye kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ude uyigqithe ngeesentimitha ezimbalwa.
Ngale ndlela, ukhozi olukhulu lugqalwa njengenye yeentaka ezinkulu emhlabeni kunye nokhozi olunobude obulinganayo okanye obufanayo nale ntaka. Ukutya kokhozi lwaselwandle kuqulathe intlanzi, ingakumbi isalmon, ukuze itye le ntlanzi inomzimba oqinileyo, le ntaka iye yavelisa umlomo omkhulu okwenza kube lula ukuyikrazula kwaye kamva itye ezi ntlanzi.
Amagama kunye nemizekelo yeentaka ezitya inyama zasebusuku
Ngaphakathi kweqela leentaka ezidliwayo zasebusuku sinokufumana umyalelo omnye kuphela, le yi-Strigiformes kwaye yenziwe kuphela kwiintsapho ezimbini ezihlula. Makhe sifunde ngakumbi ngolu hlobo lweentaka ezidla ngokuzingela ebusuku:
Iintsapho:
- Tytonidae
- strigidae
Kulula kakhulu ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iintaka zeyiphi intsapho, oku kungenxa yokuba kusapho lweTytonidae kuphela izikhova, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ezinye iintaka ezidla inyama ziqokelelwa kolunye usapho oluseleyo. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, kolu hlobo kukho iintaka zasebusuku ezabelana ngezimo zengqondo kunye neentaka ezidla ngokutya kwaye ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngaloo maxesha.
Ngoku siza kwazi ezinye zezi ntaka ezidliwayo zasebusuku kunye nokuba zibonakala njani:
I-Barn Owl (Tyto alba)
Sele sisazi ukuba yeyiphi intsapho le ntaka intle kangaka. Ezi zifumaneka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala, yenye yeentaka ezimbalwa ezidliwayo ezinokubonwa zihlala ngokuzolileyo kwiindawo zasezidolophini, ukongeza koku, sinokuzifumana phantse kuwo onke amazwe emhlabeni.
Ziintaka ezinokulinganisa malunga neesentimitha ezingama-40, ngoko zithathwa ngokuba ziphakathi. Olona phawu lwayo nolona ludume kakubi ngesi sikhova ngumbala omhlophe weentsiba zaso ezinamachokoza amancinane eminye imibala.
Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo)
Iintaka ezinkulu ezinobude obungange 80 centimeters ubude kwaye zinamaphiko anokodlula iimitha ezimbini. Zinokufumaneka kwilizwekazi laseAsia, eYurophu naseRashiya. Indawo yabo yokuhlala ibandakanya ubukhulu becala iindawo ezinemithi, intlango kunye nee-tundras, apho bahlala khona ubomi babo bonke.
Eyona mbonakalo yabo ibalaseleyo yezo ziqwenga zimbini zibekwe phezu kwamehlo abo kwaye zifike ngasemva kweentloko zazo, ezi zifana nokumila kweendlebe ezimbini, ngoko ke ziyakwazi ukwahlula kwezinye iintlobo.
I-Barred Owl (Strix hylophila)
Ezi ntaka zimangalisayo zenyama zifumaneka emahlathini nasemahlathini kwamanye amazwe aseMzantsi Melika (eBrazil, eParaguay naseArgentina). Ezi ziintaka ezingenakubonwa lula, ekubeni zithanda ukuzifihla kakuhle ebantwini, ngokuqhelekileyo zinokuviwa mgama, kodwa phantse azibonwa. Ziingcali zokuzifihla kunye neendawo ezihlala kuzo, oku kunegalelo ekwenzeni ukuba kube nzima kakhulu ukubhaqa kunye nokubonwa.
Zifakwe kwikhathalogu kwiintaka ezitya inyama ephakathi, zilinganisa malunga neesentimitha ezingama-40. Iintsiba zazo zinepateni ethile kakhulu, njengoko zinemigca egudileyo ejikelezayo kwimibala ekhanyayo kunye nemnyama eyenza ukuba zibukeke zinomtsalane kakhulu kodwa zizincede zihlangane nendawo ezingqongileyo ukuze zingabonwa nokuba zizilwanyana ezizingelayo okanye ngeliso lomntu. . Ukongeza kuloo nto bane-crest encinci emnyama ejikeleze ubuso babo bonke.
Izikhova zeScops (Otus scops)
Ezi zilwanyana zifumaneka phakathi kwamahlathi kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezikufuphi nemilambo yase-Afrika, e-Asiya naseYurophu, nangona kunjalo, zinokubonwa kwiindawo ezihlala ezidolophini okanye ezidolophini. Zithathwa njengezona zikhova zincinci kwiPeninsula yase-Iberia, njengoko zilinganisa iisentimitha ezingama-20 kuphela, yiyo loo nto zihlelwa njengenye yeentaka ezincinci ezidla inyama.
Ubume bazo bomzimba bubonakala ngokuba neentsiba ezinekrekethi ezizinika inkangeleko ekhethekileyo kwaye zizenze zibe zezona ntlobo zinemibala nezimangalisayo zeentaka ezidla inyama.
I-Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus)
Esi sikhova sikwathathwa njengenye yeentaka ezincinci ezidliwayo, oku kungenxa yokuba ubukhulu bayo abuqhelekanga ukudlula i-25 centimeters. Ngokuqhelekileyo banokufumaneka kwiindawo zeAlpine zelizwekazi laseYurophu, ngakumbi kwiindawo zeentaba kunye namahlathi.
Olona phawu luhlabayo kwezi zilwanyana ludla ngokuba nentloko ethe kratya kancinci kunezinye izikhova kwaye ukongezelela koko, zinemigca emibini emnyama ebekwe phezu kwamehlo azo kwaye enika ukubonakala kwamashiya, oku Yenze zithandwa kakhulu kuba zinomboniso kwaye zintle.
ezinye iintaka ezidla inyama
Ngaphambili sakwazi ukuthetha kancinci malunga neentaka ezidla inyama eziye zabonakala ngakumbi phakathi kwamaqela kunye neentsapho zabo, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ukuba kukho nabanye abaninzi abaneempawu zabo ezikhethekileyo kwaye ke babodwa ngaphakathi. Okulandelayo, siya kukushiya uluhlu oluncinci olunamagama kunye namaqela ezinye iintaka ezidla inyama onokufuna ukuzazi:
- I-Sparrowhawk eqhelekileyo (i-Accipiter nisus) - Intaka ye-Diurnal yexhoba
- I-Red Kite (i-Milvus milvus) – intaka edla inyama
- I-Black Kite (i-Milvus migrans) - intaka ye-Diurnal yexhoba
- Ukunyuka kwe-Sparrowhawk (i-Circus buffoni) - I-Diurnal bird of inyama
- Isikhova Esimnyama (Ciccaba huhhula) – Intaka yasebusuku
- Tawny owl (Strix aluco) – Intaka yasebusuku
- Ukhozi Lodwa (Harpyhaliaetus solitarius) – Diurnal intaka edla inyama
- I-Sparrowhawk enemilenze emide (i-Geranospiza caerulescens)- intaka edla inyama
- Isikhova esinemilenze emhlophe (i-Strix albitarsis) - Intaka yasebusuku
- I-African Fish Owl (i-Scotopelia peli) - Intaka yasebusuku
- I-Blackish Owl (Asio stygius) - Intaka yasebusuku
- Ukhozi lwaseIberia (Aquila adalberti) – Diurnal intaka edla inyama
- Isikhova esiBrown (Strix virgata)- Intaka yasebusuku
- Isikhova esibonwayo (Pulsatrix perspicillata) – INtaka edla inyama yasebusuku
- Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) – Diurnal intaka edla inyama
- White Matamico (Phalcoboenus megalopterus) – Diurnal intaka edla inyama
- IBuzzard eqhelekileyo (Buteo buteo) – Diurnal intaka edla inyama
- I-Alilicucu eqhelekileyo (Megascops choliba) - Intaka yasebusuku
- ICinnamon Owl (Aegolius harrisii) – Intaka yasebusuku
- Ukhozi oluBoted (Hieraaetus pennatus) – Intaka edla inyama
Zonke ezi ntaka zifana ngokufanayo, oko kukuthi, iintaka ezidliwayo kwaye ukutya kwazo kukutya, nangona kunjalo, emva kokwazi ezinye zazo, siye sakwazi ukuqaphela ukuba zinemiba ye-taxonomic eyahlukileyo kakhulu phakathi kwazo, ngoko ke nganye ikhethekileyo. kwaye baneempawu eziZodwa. Abanye babo banokwabelana ngokuziphatha kunye nokufana okumbalwa ngokomzimba, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba ziyafana ngokupheleleyo, nokuba kufikwa kwiintlobo ezincinci zodidi olufanayo.
Ngoku ekubeni sisazi ngakumbi malunga nabo, ngokuqinisekileyo siya kuthanda ukubabona iintaka ezidla inyama imifanekiso okanye uzijonge zikwimo yazo yendalo ngelixa ufunda ngakumbi ngeentaka ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphila kwihlabathi lonke.