Ignatius Manuel Altamirano Uvela eMexico kwaye wagqama ebomini njengegqwetha, umbhali, utitshala, ezopolitiko kunye nentatheli. Phakathi kweyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo nguClemencia noAthena.
Ubomi bukaIgnacio Manuel Altamirano
UIgnacio Manuel Altamirano, wazalelwa eTixtla, ekwiLizwana laseMexico yaye ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiGuerrero, ngoNovemba 14, 1834. Kwelinye icala, wafela eSanremo ngoFebruwari 13, 1893. Wabalaselisa njengombhali; intatheli, ipolitiki kunye nomfundisi-ntsapho kwilizwe lakho.
Ukufunda kunye nobomi bokufunda
Wayeyinxalenye yosapho lwemveli eqhelekileyo yaseChontal. Ukongeza koku, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uyise wayenesikhundla sobunkokeli, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni afumane ithuba lokuba ngusodolophu waseTixtla ngo-1848.
Kwiminyaka yakhe eyi-15, u-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano wasiwa esikolweni. Kulapho wafumana khona ithuba lokufunda ukulesa nokubhala, waba ngomnye wamakhwenkwe abalaseleyo kwidolophu yakowabo.
Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba wafunda eToluca nge-scholarship enikezelwa ngu-Ignacio Ramírez, ekubeni lo mlingiswa wamnika ithuba lokusebenza njengomfundi wakhe. Ukuba uyafuna unokufunda ngakumbi malunga namanqaku afana neli Isitalato iRamiro
Kwelinye icala, wafumana ithuba lokufunda kwiLiterary Institute of Toluca ngowe-1949. Kwakhona wagqwesa kwizifundo zomthetho eColegio de San Juan de Letrán. Emva kwezenzo zakhe ngokunxulumene nezifundo, wafumana ithuba lokuba yinxalenye yamaziko emfundo agxile kuluhlu lweencwadi ezifana neMexicoan Dramatic Conservatory, kunye neNezahualcóyotl Society.
Ubomi bezopolitiko
U-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano uzichaza njengomkhuseli wenkululeko. Ukongeza koku, wayeyinxalenye yezenzo ezenziwa yi-Ayutla revolution, eyenziwa ngo-1854, egxile ekupheliseni iSantanismo.
Kwelinye icala, waba nenxaxheba koko kubizwa ngokuba yiMfazwe yoHlaziyo. Ngokufanayo, ngokutsho iirekhodi zembali, naye wenza kuhlaselo French ngo 1863. Xa washiya ngasemva izenzo ezinxulumene amadabi zomkhosi, Ignacio Manuel Altamirano wagqiba ukuphuhlisa njengomfundisi.
Wayenethuba lokusebenza kwiSikolo seSizwe sokuLungiselela, kunye neSikolo esiPhakamileyo soRhwebo kunye noLawulo kunye neSikolo seSizwe sabaFundisi. Kwelinye icala, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba wayesebenza kwihlabathi lobuntatheli.
ubuntatheli kunye nezopolitiko
Ukongeza koku, ngelixa ekweli hlabathi wayenethuba lokuphuhlisa kunye noGuillermo Prieto, kunye no-Ignacio Ramírez. Kukunye nabo apho wafumana ithuba lokufumana iCorreo de México.
Ngokufanayo, ekunye noGonzalo A. Esteva, wayephethe eli phephancwadi elalinikela ingqalelo kuncwadi olubizwa ngokuba yiEl Renacimiento. Eli phephancwadi libalasele ngenxa yokuba izihlandlo ezininzi laliphathwa ngabantu ababalulekileyo kuncwadi nakwezobupolitika. Kusemva koku apho kunokuqinisekiswa ukuba le miba ibonakaliswe ngendlela enobuchule.
I-Renaissance yazama ukubuyisela ukubaluleka kokuphatha iileta phakathi kwabemi bemvelaphi yaseMexico. Ukongeza koku, yayifuna ukuseka ize ibonise umanyano lwesizwe. Ngaloo ndlela ukuphuhlisa ukuzingca ngobuwena njengesizwe ekufuneka abantu babenaso.
Kwelinye icala, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba Ignacio Manuel Altamirano isebenzisana nokuqonda amaphephandaba ezahlukeneyo kunye neemagazini. Phakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo yi-El Renacimiento, iLa Tribuna, iLa República, i-El Correo de México kunye ne-El Federalista.
imisebenzi yoluntu
Kungowe-1861 apho athe wakwazi ukusebenza njengosekela kumbutho obizwa ngokuba yiNkongolo yoManyano. Ubambe esi sikhundla amatyeli amathathu alandelelanayo. Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba ngelixa wayephuhla njengesekela waxhasa ukuphunyezwa kwesikolo samabanga aphantsi sasimahla kwaye kwangaxeshanye kunyanzelekile.
Kwelinye icala, ukwasebenze njengeGqwetha Jikelele leRiphabhliki, kunye nomtshutshisi, umantyi kunye nomongameli ophethe iNkundla ePhakamileyo. Kwangokunjalo, waye wathunywa okomzuzwana ukuba abambe isikhundla kwiSebe leMisebenzi yoLuntu.
Ngokulandelayo, kunokuqatshelwa ukuba u-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano wasebenza ngaphakathi kwenkonzo yozakuzo eyakha iRiphabhlikhi yaseMexico ngelo xesha. Uye wasebenza njengommeli e-Barcelona kunye naseParis. Funda ngakumbi malunga neebhayografi zababhali nge Iincwadi zikaPilar Sordo
Eminye imisebenzi ebalaseleyo
Ignacio Altamirano wema ekusekeni isiqalo free imfundo yaseprayimari kwaye kwangaxeshanye kunyanzelekile ngoFebruwari 5, 1882. Ukongeza koku, waba nethuba lokwakha waza wafumana Liceo de Puebla, kwakunye School Normal. yabaFundisi baseMexico.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi U-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano wema ngokubhala iincwadi ezininzi. Ngokulandelayo, kufanele kukhankanywe ukuba imisebenzi yakhe yayiqaqambisa izimbo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezigxile kuhlobo loncwadi. Ngendlela efanayo, ukugxeka kwakhe okubalaseleyo okunxulumene nendaleko yelizwe kwabonakaliswa kumaphephancwadi abalulekileyo ahlukeneyo eMexico.
Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba iintetho zakhe zezopolitiko zibe nokubaluleka okukhulu kweli hlabathi. Waphuma phambili ekuphatheni ngendlela echuliweyo iintsomi, inkcubeko kunye neendawo zaseMexico.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusukela ngo-1867 uyakwazi ukuphumeza izinto kwiincwadi zaseMexico ezikhuthaza amaxabiso azuzisa ilizwe. Kwangaxeshanye, kwangaloo maxesha wakwazi ukuba abhalwe njengombhali-mbali wemvelaphi yoncwadi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukholelwa ukuba ukususela ngo-1870, yaba yinxalenye yenkolo yemvelaphi yeMasonic. Kukholelwa ukuba u-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano wakwazi ukufakwa kwibakala lama-33 ngo-1879.
Emva kobomi obuzele lulwazi oluninzi lwezopolitiko, lwemfundo noluncwadi, wafela eItali ngowe-1893. Wayekummandla waseYurophu kumsebenzi wozakuzo.
Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba kwiminyaka eyikhulu yokuzalwa kwakhe, iintsalela zatshintshelwa kwi-Rotunda ye-Illustrious Persons of Mexican. Ukongeza koku, izenzo zakhe ezibalulekileyo ekuthandeni uphuhliso Mexico kwakhokelela ekudalweni Ignacio Manuel Altamirano imbasa. Konke oku ngenjongo yokuhlonipha iminyaka yakhe njengomfundisi-ntsapho.
NgoFebruwari 13, 1993, kugqitywe ukuba kubhalwe igama lakhe ngoonobumba begolide. Ngenjongo yokuwabeka kwiindonga zeNdlu yamaSekela elizwe, ngaloo ndlela eqaqambisa izenzo zawo zezopolitiko.
Umsebenzi kaIgnacio Manuel Altamirano
Wayenenkolelo enzulu yokuba iMexico idinga amadoda amiliselwe kwilizwe lakowabo kunye nophuhliso lwemisebenzi ekhuthaza inkcubeko. Konke ngenjongo yokusebenzisa amaxabiso amaninzi phakathi kwabemi.
Kungemva koku ukuba ngexesha lobomi bakhe wafuna ukubamba izimvo ezaziza kukhokelela ekuguqukeni kwabantu bemvelaphi yaseMexico. Olu hlobo lwezenzo lunokubonakaliswa kweminye yemisebenzi yakhe, apho amanani eemfihlakalo eziqhelekileyo zelizwe agqamile.
Ke ngoko, kufanele kukhankanywe ukuba uAltamirano wayengumanduleli wenkcubeko yaseMexico, kanye njengokuba uBenito Juárez egqamile kwinkululeko yelizwe laseLatin America.
umsebenzi wokufundisa
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba umbulelo ku-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, inkcubeko yaseMexico yavelisa indaleko ephawulekayo ngaloo minyaka. Yintoni eyenza lo mlinganiswa abe ngumbhali obalaseleyo kwimfundo yelizwe.
Kwelinye icala, wakhula njengomfundisi-ntsapho kwiSikolo soLungiselelo lweSizwe nezinye ezifana neSikolo soRhwebo. Konke oku ngenjongo yokukhuthaza inkqubela yelizwe.
Iinoveli zakhe
Ngokuphathelele kwiinoveli zakhe, phakathi kweyona nto ibalaseleyo yiClemencia, eyapapashwa ngo-1868, uJulia ngo-1870 kunye neKrisimesi ezintabeni ezenziwe ngo-1871. Zonke ezi noveli zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuphuhliswa kwengxelo ngaphakathi kwelizwe laseLatin America.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiinoveli zakhe wabalaselisa ubunzima abantu baseMexico. Imiba efana namadabi aqhubekayo ngenxa yemfazwe, intsilelo ekufundiseni kunye nokungalingani kumanqanaba oluntu yayiyeminye yemicimbi ephambili.
El Zarco, uthathwa njengowona msebenzi ubalaseleyo kwimibhalo yakhe. Ekubeni inezinto zayo ezichaza ngokupheleleyo iMexico. Lo mbhali naye wazibamba kudidi lwesihobe. Ngokwendalo iqulathe amazwi eengoma.