I-Egypt yamandulo iphawulwe ngeesimboli ezahlukeneyo ezinokuba nentsingiselo enxulumene nobomi, ukufa okanye unqulo nje. Ezi zibonakaliswe kulwakhiwo lwazo kunye nakwizinto ezininzi, enye yezona zibalaseleyo. i-sphinx yaseYiputa kwaye kungeli nqaku siya kwazi yonke into ngalo.
I-Sphinx yaseYiputa
I-sphinx luphawu lwakudala olunxulunyaniswa nelanga kwimpucuko yaseMpuma yehlabathi, ngakumbi amaJiphutha. Kuba oFaro dynastic, olu simboli, nto leyo ngokwayo umgcini wokomoya, yaba sisithethe ukuphindaphinda ubuso bokumkani wabo kunye nentloko ekrolwe njengomzimba ophezulu wengonyama kwingcwaba lakhe okanye kwitempile ethile.
Olu nxulumano lukaFaro kunye nengonyama ngokwayo lubonakalise ikhonkco lokumkani kunye nesithixo esinamandla selanga uSekhmet, owayeyintombi yothixo welanga "Ra", ozibonakalisa ngentloko yengonyama. Ngokufanayo njengesimboli selanga, i-Sphinx yaseYiputa iye yadibaniswa noHarmakhis "iNkosi yeeHorizons ezimbini", emele ilanga eliphumayo nelitshonayo, elichongwa ngokuzalwa ngokutsha nokuvuka.
I-sphinx yafumana ixabiso elikhulu ngokwentsingiselo yalo eyathi kamva yangeniswa e-Egypt, zombini ukuya e-Asiya naseGrisi malunga nenkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu ukuya kweyeshumi elinesithandathu BC. Xa kuthelekiswa nomfuziselo waseYiputa, i<em>sphinx yaseAsia yayinamaphiko okhozi, yayingumfazi, yaye igobile iphakamise umlenze omnye ekumelaneni kwayo. Ngelixa kwizithethe zamaGrike, i-sphinx nayo yayinamaphiko kunye nomsila wenyoka; entsomini iyabadla bonke abahambi abangakwaziyo ukuphendula le ntsonkotha yabo.
Unyango
Igama elithi sphinx lifumene ihlelo ngamaYiputa amandulo njenge (Sheps-anj), intsingiselo yalo ibhekisela "kumfanekiso ophilayo" okanye "umfanekiso ophilayo", ukusuka kweli gama kwavela i-sefanjes kunye ne-sphinx. Ngokufanayo, umbhali-mbali ongumGrike uHerodotus wanika igama leSphinx yaseYiputa "Androsphinx", leyo, ngokungafaniyo nesiGrike esasinobuso obubhinqa kunye namaphiko, yayinobuso obuneempawu zobudoda.
Ezinye iifom apho i-sphinx idla ngokuchazwa ngayo ineempawu zezilwanyana, ngoko ke inokufezekiswa kwindawo ephezulu yenkunzi yegusha (cryosphinxes) okanye i-falcon (hieracosphinxes).
Historia
I-Sphinx yaseYiputa, ngaphezu kokuba isimboli sikaFaro ogama lakhe lifana nelomntu obalaseleyo onamandla kunye nobulumko obunamandla kunye nobulumko awayelawula kunye nokukhusela abantu bakhe, kwaye kuthiwa ngumzekeliso weemfihlelo, inyaniso, umanyano kunye nokuqonda. ubomi emva kokufa.
Ukongeza, i-sphinxes yayimelwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kodwa ngokwendawo okanye ixesha le nto iyahluka, njengaleyo yobuso bomntu kunye neengonyama zengonyama, ngakumbi eNubia, kunye neyoBukumkani obutsha baseYiputa obalelwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. oothixo abafana no-Amun nobuso benkunzi yegusha.
Yintoni eyaziwayo kukuba umhla ochanekileyo owavela ngawo i-sphinx yokuqala awaziwa, kwaye i-Sphinx yaseYiputa eyaziwa kakhulu kunazo zonke yi-Great Sphinx yaseGiza, nangona ingekabhalwa ngokuchanekileyo; nangona kunjalo, abanye abaphengululi bayinxulumanisa nolawulo lweCheops, malunga no-2500 BC. C. Kwaye ngokumalunga naye, kukho ibali apho lihambelana nokuba iTutmosis IV ngexesha le-XVIII yobukhosi xa wayeyinkosana elula, waya kwiphulo lokuzingela waza walala emthunzini we-sphinx.
Xa inkosana yalala, yaphupha ukuba i-sphinx inxibelelana naye apho yayithembisa ukuba iya kuba ngukumkani xa isusa isanti eyayiqokelele malunga nesiseko somfanekiso. Ke ngexesha lolawulo lukaKhafre, i-sphinxes yasasazeka, ke zonke zazisetyenziswa njengabalindi ngaphandle kweetempile, amangcwaba kunye nezikhumbuzo zomngcwabo.
Umzekelo wendlela amaJiphutha asebenzisa ngayo lo mfuziselo unokubonwa kwiitempile zika-Amun eKarnak naseLuxor apho ikhulu lezi Sphinxes zaseYiputa ezineempawu zomntu okanye zenkunzi yegusha zibekwe kwindlela macala omabini ngaphambi kokungena.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytSM9FYdAtc&t=9s
Kucacile ukuba umfanekiso we-Egypt Sphinx uye wavela ngendlela ethile ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ngokwemeko yenkcubeko, nangona kunjalo, kule ndawo yaseMpuma yehlabathi ezinye izibonakaliso ezineempawu zobufazi ziyaziwa, ezifana. njenge:
- I-sphinx efanekisela ukumkanikazi woBukhosi bamandulo baseYiputa i-Hetepheres II, umlingane kaFaro Dyedefra wobukhosi be-IV. Le yenye yezona zindala zifunyenwe kule mpucuko.
- I-sphinx yaseYiputa idityaniswe noHatshepsut, owayengukumkanikazi kunye noFaro ngexesha le-XNUMX le-Egypt. Lo mfanekiso omnyama wegranite namhlanje ukwiMyuziyam yaseBarracco eRome, kukho nomnye umfanekiso walo kumkanikazi ogcinwe kwiMyuziyam yaseCairo. Ngokwayo, oku kuya kuba ngumfanekiso wokuqala ukufunyanwa apho bamele umfazi oyinkosikazi kunye noFaro odityaniswe namandla kunye nemfihlelo ye-sphinx.
- Ngendlela efanayo, i-sphinxes yaseYiputa ifunyenwe kunye nomntu weendlovukazi uMutnedyemet kunye neNefertiti.
iisphinxes zaseYiputa
Xa uphonononga kwimbali yendalo ye-Egypt yakudala, kuqhelekile kakhulu ukuba nombono wokwakhiwa kwayo okumangalisayo okunikezelwe koothixo bayo kunye noFaro, kwaye njengoko sisazi, enye yeempawu ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kubugcisa bayo yiSphinx yaseYiputa. Okulandelayo siza kuchaza ezinye zeesphinxes ezintle ezifunyenweyo, phakathi kwazo:
I-Sphinx enkulu yaseGiza
"Umlindi" njengoko wayebizwa ngokuba ngabantu baseYiputa, ngokungathandabuzekiyo yeyona nto idumileyo kuwo wonke umhlaba, ifumaneka eGiza kwaye imalunga neemitha ezingama-20 ukuphakama. Kukwakholelwa ukuba lo ngowona mfanekiso udala wemifanekiso eqingqiweyo phakathi kwezo zifunyenwe ngoku.
Emanzini oMnayile
Emanzini eNayile i-Sphinx yaseYiputa yafunyanwa indawo yayo engaphantsi yayidityaniswe netempile kaRamses II, kwafuneka ihanjiswe ngexesha lomsebenzi owenziwe kwidama lase-Aswan ngenxa yezizathu zokugcinwa kwamanzi akhulayo alo mlambo.
Sphinx eLuxor
I-Sphinx yaseYiputa enkulu ekufutshane ne-obelisk ikhona kwitempile kaLuxor, enikezelwe kwisithixo saseYiputa uAmun. Njengoko sele sichazile, eli nani lalimele ubukhosi kunye nobomi emva kokufa.
I-sphinxes enentloko yeenkunzi
Ekuqaleni kwakuxhaphake kakhulu ukujonga i-sphinx yaseYiputa kunye ne-morphology yeengonyama kunye nobuso bomntu kwindawo yokuphumla. Nangona kunjalo, bekukho iinguqulelo ezininzi ezinje ngeeSphinxes zaseYiputa ezinokubonwa kwitempile yaseKarnak eLuxor, apho zineempawu zenkunzi yegusha.
indlela ye-sphinxes
Olunye lolona phawu lubalaseleyo lweSphinx yaseYiputa, sinokuyibona kwindlela enkulu emalunga ne-2.700 yeemitha ubude kunye neemitha ezingama-76 ububanzi, ejikelezwe ngapha nangapha nenani elikhulu lee-sphinxes ezinomzimba womntu kunye neenkunzi zeegusha abazigadileyo. isango letempile phakathi kweLuxor neKarnak.
iisimboli zasebukhosini
Kwimizobo eyenziwe ngamaJiphutha sinokubona ukubonakaliswa okungenakubalwa kwe-sphinx njengomfuziselo wobukhosi kunye namandla esi sikhundla. Ngoko kuqheleke kakhulu ukuba sifumana kubugcisa bakhe uFaro omelwe nge-sphinx, esebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla akhe kunye namandla phezu kwazo zonke iintshaba zakhe.
IAlabaster Sphinx
Kwiindawo ezingqonge i-necropolis yaseMemphis, kukho i-alabaster enkulu yaseYiputa iSphinx ekukholelwa ukuba yakrolwa kuBukumkani obutsha baseYiputa phakathi kwexesha le-1700 a. C. - 1400. Oku kwanikezelwa ngephutha kuTutankhamun, nangona kunjalo, abaphandi abaninzi bacebisa ukuba ummangali wokwakhiwa kwayo ngokwenene ngu-Amonhotep II.
Ukuba ulifumene eli nqaku malunga neSphinx yaseYiputa inomdla, siyakumema ukuba wonwabele ezi ezinye: