UGustavo Roldán, umbhali waseArgentina, owaziwayo ngesimbo soncwadi sabantwana bakhe, ushiya ilifa elikhulu kubalandeli behlabathi loncwadi. Imisebenzi yakhe idlula nanamhla njengezinye zezona zibalaseleyo kwiLatin America. Yazi ngeli nqaku limnandi, imisebenzi edumileyo kunye nebhayiloji ebalulekileyo yoMbhali kunye nombhali woncwadi ogama linguGustavo Roldán.
GUstavo Roldán: ngobomi
UGustavo Roldán wazalelwa eFortín Lavalle, kwiphondo laseChacao, eArgentina, ngoAgasti 16, 1935. Lo mmi ungumzekelo waseArgentina wafunda eUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Iileta zanamhlanje apho wafumana khona isidanga sakhe seSidanga kwiFaculty of Philosophy and Humanities. Wawongwa ngewonga ngenxa yenqanaba lakhe lokufunda.
UGustavo Roldán uqatshelwa njengomnye wababhali ababalaseleyo baseArgentina kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Umsebenzi wakhe usaqhubeka unanamhla. Uncwadi lwabantwana bakhe lusasebenza.
Ngokutsho kwezinye iinkcukacha kwi-autobiography yakhe, umbhali wakhulela kufuphi noMlambo waseBermejo, osemantla wephondo laseChacao.
Akukho rekhodi yedatha yabazali bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuba uyise wayenefama emaphandleni. UGustavo Roldán ngoxa wayehlala kuloo hacienda wayengenalo naluphi na uhlobo loncwadi, noko ke, ngokutsho kwakhe, kwakukho amabali awayemngqongile yonke imihla. Oku kwaba lukhuthazo lokufumanisa ukuba yintoni eyayibangela uncwadi.
La mabali abaliswa ngabavumisi, iimeyile kunye nabasebenzi abazinikele ekunyamekeleni umhlambi. Rhoqo emva kwemini, emva komsebenzi, babehlala bejikeleze umlilo ngoxa besosa inyama baze basele imazi. Babedla ngokubalisa amabali agqithe imida yehlabathi liphela. UGustavo Roldán njengomntwana waphulaphula loo mabali kwaye waziva enomdla kakhulu kuloo mabali. La mabali ayeyimyuziyam yokuzinikela kuncwadi lwabantwana kwixesha elizayo.
Ukongezelela, la mabali endaweva ndisengabantwana ayeqhutywa zizilwanyana endandizibona mihla le kuloo matyholo. Ngoko ke, sinokuthi imisebenzi yakhe yayiphefumlelwe ngabo balinganiswa. Kanye nalo mbhali mkhulu waseArgentina, sikwanaye nombhali omkhulu waseLatin America Ubomi bukaJose Emilio Pacheco
Izifundo zakhe
Umbhali uGustavo Roldán wafumana isidanga sakhe sesiDanga esinewonga ekukhankanyweni kweeLeta zanamhlanje kwiFaculty of Philosophy and Humanities kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseCórdoba. Wasebenza ngokudibeneyo kwiimagazini zikaBilliken kunye neHumo. Igalelo lakhe kuncwadi lwabantwana lamkelwa ngawo omabini amaphephancwadi. Ukuveliswa kweencwadi neentsomi kuye kwachukumisa abahlalutyi ababhejela isimbo soncwadi sombhali.
Umkhondo
Emva kolu qwalaselo, ngabagxeki abakhethekileyo kuncwadi, wagqiba ekubeni akhuthaze uncwadi lwabantwana ekhatshwa ngumfazi wakhe uLaura Devetach, okwangumbhali kunye nengcali kwifilosofi yabantwana.
Kwangaxeshanye, wasebenza njengonjingalwazi weyunivesithi yeSpanish Literature, Argentine and Latin American Literature: Nangona kunjalo, wagqiba ekubeni anikezele ubomi bakhe kwihlabathi loncwadi lwabantwana.
Ngokwamazwi akhe, injongo yakhe ebomini yayikukubuza imibuzo yokubhalela amakhwenkwe njengesimbo soncwadi, ngaphandle kokuyihlela phantsi kwalo naluphi na uhlobo loncwadi. Kwelinye icala, umbhali wakugqala kuyimpazamo ukujongela phantsi iincwadi zoncwadi zabantwana, kwaneentsana. Ngokombono wakhe, iintsana zaziluluntu olufanele ukusetyenzwa. Ngamanye amazwi, into awayefuna ukuyithetha umbhali yayikukuba uncwadi lwabantwana lufanele lube kwindawo ekhethekileyo kuMbindi Merika.
Wathabatha inxaxheba njengejaji kukhuphiswano olwahlukeneyo loncwadi. Ngokunjalo, wayelilungu lejaji ukuba awonge ibhaso leCasa de las Américas ngo-1989 kwaye lalibanjelwe eCuba. Wanikela ubomi bakhe bobuchule ekunikezeni iintetho, iisemina kunye neenkomfa ethanda ihlabathi loncwadi, ngakumbi kwiintsana.
Ngokwamazwi akhe, ababhali bakhe abathandayo nguGraciela Montes, uJavier Villafañe kunye nomfazi wakhe othandekayo uLaura Devetach.
Iincwadi zikaGustavo Roldán
UGustavo Roldán usibonisa intlaninge yamabali abantwana abonakaliswa ngokuzisa iinqobo ezisemgangathweni kunye nokugxekwa kwezentlalo ngendlela yobuhle. Eminye yemisebenzi yabantwana bakhe yile ilandelayo:
Malunga nemvula namasele
Eli bali likaGustavo Roldán lixelela ibali ukuba phakathi kweengxoxo zokuqala kunye nezihlekisayo zisekwe phakathi kwezilwanyana. Into ebonakalisa yonke imisebenzi yoncwadi yombhali waseArgentina. Eli bali limalunga nesele kunye nabahlobo balo basentabeni ababephelelwe lithemba ngenxa yembalela ababenayo. Babekhangela indlela yokunetha imvula. Umakhulu wesinye sezi zilwanyana zincinci wabalisa intsomi ethi xa ujikisa ixoxo liyijongise phezulu imvula.
Ezinye izilwanyana ezincinci ziyamqumbela. Isele likhathazwa ngabahlobo balo emva kweenkolelo. UGustavo Roldán uhambisa abafundi kwilifa lemveli lenkcubeko yangaphakathi yelizwe lase-Argentina.
UTatú uthandana noGustavo Roldán
UGustavo Roldán usinika elinye ibali elimnandi elilayishwe ngaba balinganiswa beempawu zemisebenzi yakhe. Njengoko isihloko sisilumkisa, iTatú ithandana ne-Iguana. Ukuhambelana nesiphakamiso sothando sikaTatú, ubeka imeko. Ibhekisela kwixabiso lenkalipho yokuthandana. U-El Tatú uyawamkela umceli mngeni kwaye ubhenela kubugwenxa bakhe kunye nokukrokra okukhulu ukuthobela izicelo zika-Iguana. Eli bali lingaqhelekanga lityhila indlela abavakalelwa ngayo aba balinganiswa. Ubugwala nobugorha; ukungakhathali nothando, zezinye zemixholo esinikwa leli bali limnandi.
imini yofudo
Eli bali likaGustavo Roldán lisixelela ngengwe eyabonwa kumanzi oMlambo. Uphawula ukuba unamabhovu amhlophe. Wayecinga ukuba uyaluphala. Ngenxa yenkxalabo awayenayo yokungafuni ukwaluphala, wathetha nezinye izilwanyana ezazikuloo ndawo. Abanye babecinga ukuba ifanele ifane nendlovu, abanye ukuba ayifanele ibaleke njengemivundla ibaleka, imivundla ayifanele ukubaleka.
Uxam ukucebisa ukuba ufane nofudo kuba ezi zilwanyana zaziphila ixesha elide. Kwakhona umxelela ukuba akaze aguge. Mamela ingcebiso ye-iguana, zonke izilwanyana zifuna ukufana nofudo kuba abafuni ukuguga. Ekuphela kwesilwanyana esingazange sinike mbono yayiyintakumba, kuba ngalo lonke ixesha ingonyama yayivela umkhondo weenyawo.
Baqala bahamba kancinci banxiba iqokobhe bangathethi bazenza oofudo. Ekuphela kwesilwanyana esasingabonakali kufudo yayiyintakumba. Ngelixa wonke umntu wayehamba kancinane kunye neqokobhe lakhe, intakumba yayisonwabisa ukutsiba ukusuka kwelinye iqokobhe ukuya kwelinye.
Ngenye imini entle, njengokuba izilwanyana zazingazange zonwabele, lavela ilanga kwaye kwabakho uvuyo olukhulu kuloo ndawo. zonke izilwanyana zayibona intakumba isonwabela ukutsiba kwaye isonwabela loo ntsasa imnandi. Xa zonke izilwanyana zakubona uvuyo lwentakumba, zagqiba ekubeni zikhulule amaqokobhe azo zabuyela ekubeni zinjalo.
ngubani oyaziyo indlovu
Kwakhona uGustavo Roldán ujikela komnye wabalinganiswa bakhe abathandayo uDon Sapo. Kweli bali, uDon Toad ubonakala echaza isilwanyana bonke abantu bendawo ababefuna ukudibana naso. Yayimalunga nendlovu. Nangona uDon Toad engazange ayibone indlovu, uqalisa ukuyizoba yaye wonke umntu, emangalisiwe seso silwanyana, ubuza uVizcaya ukuba ingakanani na loo ndlovu.
Ixoxo elikhululekile alizange lasibona isilwanyana esinje, waphendula ngelithi sasilingana nempuku. Kwakhona uGustavo Roldán ubeka ibali entabeni apho kukho izilwanyana apho batshintshiselana khona iingxoxo zabo.
inamba yokugqibela
Kwakhona uDon Sapo uvela kwenye yeencwadi zikaGustavo Roldán. Sonke siyazi ukuba uyathanda ukubalisa amabali. Noko ke, asazi ukuba yinyaniso okanye bubuxoki. Into esiyaziyo kukuba uDon Sapo uyazi ukubalisa njani ibali lakhe ngalinye kakuhle.
UDon Sapo usixelela ngebali lenamba yokugqibela. Sinokucinga ukuba eli bali lobunye ubuxoki bukaDon Sapo. Ngamabali omhlobo wethu uDon Sapo, abafundi bayaqonda ukuba akaxoki. Ngokufanayo, izilwanyana ezincinci zasezintabeni ziyaqonda ukuba uDon Toad uthetha inyaniso.
Inamba yokugqibela iqandusela kwiqanda elikhulu. Esi silwanyana sichitha ubuntwana baso kunye noyise. Oko kukuthi ixoxo likaMnu. Xa iqokobhe lakhubeka laze inamba yophuka, laya kuDon Toad. Xa inamba ikhula ikwishumi elivisayo, ithatha isigqibo sokuqalisa uhambo lwalo.
Ubuya esithi ndlelantle kuyise okwethutyana kuba efuna ukufezekisa amaphupha akhe. inamba ixelela uyise ukuba idibene nenamba emlindile kwelinye icala lehlabathi.
Kwakhona, uGustavo Roldán ubhenela kwizilwanyana zentaba iChaco, njengeVizcaya, iquirquincho, isilwanyana sasendle, intwala, impungutye, isikhova, isikhwenene, ingwenya, iingxilimbela, yaye siswele iindlovu ezimbini. phakathi kwabanye.
Kwakhona ubhenela kuburharha kunye nemibongo, enika ubuhle kunye nobuhle kwingxelo. Ukongeza, ezi zinto zinika ukuthamba kunye nobuhle kunye ne-melancholy ethile. UGustavo Roldán womelele kuba uDon Sapo ubalisa ngendlela eyonwabisayo nenhle ubomi bentaba, ukuthula, umoya kunye nendalo, iindawo apho ngenye imini wakhula khona.
Izilwanyana zineempawu zobuntu zineempawu zazo. Benza izenzo zentlalo ezinje ngokuhleba, ukuzonwabisa, umsindo, ubabalo, umona, uloyiko, amampunge, uvuyo kunye nenye okanye enye intlebendwane.
Kulo msebenzi, iidragons zibonakaliswe ngokugcina iimfihlo, ziyakwazi ukunyamekela iingozi ezizungezile, zibonisa ubuntununtunu. Bakwabonisa iimpawu zobuntu ezinjengokuphupha, ukudlala namagama.
Umphathiswa kaGustavo Roldán
Kulo msebenzi woncwadi, uGustavo Roldán udibanisa abalinganiswa abacingelwayo abavela kuncwadi lwehlabathi. Ibandakanya i-sphinxes, i-basilisk, i-sirens, i-minotaur okanye i-griffin, amanani amele i-mythology yamaGrike, kwi-bestiary.
Kulo msebenzi wazisa ngenkcazo nganye yamanani kunye nemiba ebalulekileyo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nenkcubeko.
Ibali leRed Bug
Le noveli ijongana nokufika kwegciwane elibomvu emva kohambo oluphindwe kathathu lokujikeleza ihlabathi. Uthabatha uhambo lwakhe lokuphendula umbuzo wokuba ngubani owenza iimbotyi zecarob zivuthwe. Ukufumana impendulo yalo mbuzo, i-red bug kufuneka ijongane neengozi ezinkulu kunye nemiceli mngeni kwihlabathi liphela. Ukwenza oku, ubhenela kubuqhophololo bakhe aze akwazi ukubaleka kwezi ngozi. Ukwazile ukubuyela entabeni kunye nabahlobo bakhe.
Indlela esinokuyixabisa ngayo isenzo se-red bug senzeke kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo: intaba, intlango, ulwandle, umlambo kunye neendawo ezikude. Abalinganiswa abahlukeneyo bathatha inxaxheba kulo msebenzi, njengentwala, ijaguar, i-iguana, iquetzal, ingwenya, iingqaqa, irhamba, ingcungcu, ingcuka, iquirquincho nenyamakazi.
Lo msebenzi wohlukile kwamanye amabali amafutshane ngokwesakhiwo sawo. Isahluko ngasinye kwezi sinamanani. Iingxoxo zityhila iimpawu zomlinganiswa ngamnye.
INtaka Encinci Eshicilelweyo
Kwakhona uGustavo Roldán ubeka ibali lakhe entabeni apho wayehlala khona ebuntwaneni bakhe. Kuloo ndawo kwakukho umthi apho kwakuhlala iintaka ezininzi ezinemibala eyahlukahlukeneyo, iintsiba neengoma.
Wonke umntu wahlukile kwaye bayonwaba ngokudlala naxa kukho imilo phakathi kwabo bayisombulula ngolu hlobo. Ntaka nganye yayikhethekile. Noko ke, ngenye imini kwafika intaka enezikhwebu yaza yahlala kwelona sebe liphakamileyo lomthi. Ukhozi lwayibona ngamehlo abomvu laza layisa kumantshontsho alo ukuze likwazi ukuwondla.
Noko ke, ukhozi aluzange luthembele kubuqhophololo bentaka encinane enezikhwebu ukuze iphume kuloo mbono umbi.
Le yenye yeentsomi ezithiwe thaca nguGustavo Roldán. Ijongana nomba wokwahlukana komntu ngokubhekiselele kwiqela. Loo mahluko uye wavumela intaka enezikhwebu ukuba iphuhlise amacebo okuyivumela ukuba iphile.
Iimpawu zemisebenzi yabantwana kaGustavo Roldán
Ngokutsho kweencwadi zoncwadi zikaGustavo Roldán, abalinganiswa bakhe zizilwanyana ezivumela ukuba ajongane nemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yoluntu. Ngokukwanjalo, usebenzisa iintsomi zakhe ukugxeka ukuziphatha nokutyhila iimpawu ezithile zobuntu.
Isimbo sakhe soncwadi siyamvumela ukuba asebenzise uncwadi lwabantwana imixholo engavumelekanga eluntwini efana nokufa, uthando okanye amagama amabi.
Esinye sezigxeko uGustavo Roldán asenzayo ngoncwadi lwabantwana kukuba abanye ababhali babhekisela kwindlulamthi, ingcuka, umkhombe, ingwe enemigca, njengoko kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga eLatin America.
Omnye wemisebenzi equlethe ukugxeka koluntu lwase-Argentina yixoxo eBuenos Aires. UDon Sapo akayiqondi imikhwa ethile yabemi besixeko saseArgentina. Abemi beso sixeko bayathanda ukuvalwa umlomo nokuhamba bebaninzi. KwanoDon Toad akayiqondi indlela isixeko saseBuenos Aires, esinomlambo obanzi kangaka, akukho namnye kubemi basekuhlaleni onokuhlamba kuloo ndawo. Ukwagxeka nemeko yokulahlwa kwalo Mlambo.
Enye into egxekwa ngokuphandle nguGustavo Roldán ngabavakalisi kukuba ezi zindlu zifuna ulwimi olungondilele. Abapapashi bafuna ukukhawulelana neendawo zokuhlala. Oku ukuze imisebenzi yoncwadi yabantwana isasazwe kulo lonke elaseLatin America. Ngokombono kaGustavo Roldán, le yingxaki kubabhali baseArgentina, ekubeni iSpanish sabo sibonakala ngokwahlukileyo kulo mmandla. Nangona kunjalo ukhusela ulwimi lwakhe.
UGustavo Roldán ubalaselisa ijografi yephondo lakhe lokuzalwa. Bazisa amazwi athile esiGuaraní baze bachaze imithi eqhelekileyo yeChacao kwakunye nezilwanyana zomthonyama zaloo mmandla.