Kweli nqaku sikuzisa ulwazi oluninzi malunga ne oothixo baseTshayina, ezinye izidalwa ezinamandla amakhulu nobulumko obukhulu eziye zakhokelela ekubeni inkcubeko yamaTshayina yaziwe ehlabathini lonke ngenxa yeziganeko eziye zafika oothixo ekubumbeni ihlabathi.Awunakuphoswa leli nqaku linika umdla!
oothixo baseTshayina
I-China lelinye lamazwe anenkcubeko endala kunye neyona intsonkothileyo kwihlabathi. Ekubeni inkcubeko yayo igubungela indawo enkulu yejografi enezithethe ezahlukeneyo kunye nezithethe phakathi kweedolophu, amaphondo kunye nezixeko ezahlukeneyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yenkcubeko yamaTshayina yintsomi, ifilosofi, umculo, ubugcisa kunye noothixo bawo baseTshayina.
Nangona iTshayina yamkela izithethe ezininzi ezivela kwamanye amazwe, njengentanda-bulumko yamaBhuda aseIndiya, ngaloo ndlela yazala ubuBhuda bukaChán. Ngale ndlela, iTshayina yavula imisinga emibini yentanda-bulumko ebaluleke gqitha eyaziwa ngokuba buTao nobuConfucius.
Yiyo loo nto iTshayina lilizwe elinezona mpucuko zindala kwiplanethi yoMhlaba, iye yagqama kakhulu kwinkqubela phambili yayo kunye nophuhliso lwayo olukhulu, ngendlela efanayo igqame kwimfihlakalo kunye nomtsalane wentsomi kunye nenkcubeko apho oothixo bayo. zibaluleke kakhulu.
Kwintsomi yaseTshayina, inento ekhethekileyo ukoyikeka kunye nokumangala okwenza umgca osulungekileyo phakathi kwentsomi kunye nokwenyani. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iintsomi ezininzi neentsomi zinxulunyaniswa nembali yaseTshayina, nto leyo ebangela iinkolelo ezinamaTshayina amaninzi anazo namhlanje. Ngale ndlela kunokuthiwa iintsomi zaseTshayina kunye noothixo baseTshayina baye benza inxalenye enkulu yenkcubeko kunye nembali yolu hlanga lukhulu.
Ugxininiso ngakumbi koothixo baseTshayina, bangamanani amele kakhulu enkcubeko yamaTshayina kwaye babalulekile kulwakhiwo lweefilosofi ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokuphila zabantu baseTshayina ukusuka kumaxesha amandulo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwaye kunokwenzeka nakweminye imimandla yelizwekazi laseAsia. Yiyo loo nto siza kukunika ulwazi oluninzi malunga nezithixo eziphambili zaseTshayina:
UThixo Pan Gu "UThixo weNdalo"
Ngokwentsomi yaseTshayina. Ekuqaleni kwendalo yonke kwakungekho nto ngaphandle kwesiphithiphithi esikhulu kunye nobuninzi bombala omnyama. Kungenxa yoko le nto isiphithiphithi saqala ukudibanisa kwiqanda le-cosmic iminyaka eyi-18 lamawaka. Ngaphakathi kweqanda imigaqo yeyin neyang yayilinganisa kwaye apho kwaphuma uThixo uPan Gu, uThixo owayenomsebenzi wokuqalisa ukudala ihlabathi.
UThixo uPan Gu, ngomnye woothixo baseTshayina owathi ngezembe lakhe elikhulu i-yin kunye ne-yang, ukuze adale izulu nomhlaba. Emva kokuba wenze lo msebenzi. Kwafuneka amise phakathi kwazo ngokutyhala isibhakabhaka phezulu nomhlaba. Ukuze bangadibanisi, lo msebenzi wenziwa iminyaka eyi-18 lamawaka. Ukutyhalela phezulu esibhakabhakeni kumphakamo we-3,33 yeemitha yonke imihla e-China eyaziwa ngokuba yi-zhang 丈.
Lo msebenzi owenziwa nguthixo waseTshayina uPan Gu ngelo xesha wamguqula waba sisigebenga, ngokutsho kwenye yeentsomi ezibaliswayo. Emva koko yaqalisa ukwenza iintlambo neentaba. Kancinci kancinci wongeza iinkcukacha kwindalo yakhe enkulu.
Kukho ezinye iinguqulelo ukuba unkulunkulu waseTshayina uPan Gu wancedwa zizilwanyana ezine eziphambili: i-turtle, i-qilin, intaka kunye nenamba. Yiyo loo nto kukho izithixo ezininzi zamaTshayina, kodwa uthixo uPan Gu ngomnye woothixo baseTshayina abakhulu ngokuba nguye ophetheyo ekudaleni umhlaba.
UThixo uPan Gu ukwabizwa ngokuba yiP'an Ku okanye iPangu. Unewonga lokuba nguthixo wokuqala nomntu wokuqala. Ikwangoyena mntu uphambili kwiyin neyang nakwintanda-bulumko yobuTao. Kwintsomi yamaTshayina, uthixo uPan Gu umelwe njengomntu omncinci olingana nendoda. Ineempondo namazinyo kwaye umzimba wayo unoboya ngokupheleleyo.
Sathi sakufika isiphelo sobomi bakhe, uThixo uPan Gu walala phantsi waphumla kwaye wayesele emdala kangangokuba ubuthongo babumsa ekufeni. Yiyo loo nto kuthiwa ukuphefumla kwakhe kwaba ngumoya, ilizwi likaThixo laba yindudumo enamandla, iliso lasekunene laba yinyanga nelanga lasekhohlo.
Umzimba wakhe waba yinxalenye yeentaba, igazi lakhe laba yimilambo emikhulu, izihlunu zakhe zaba ngumhlaba ochumileyo, iinwele zobuso bakhe zaba ziinkwenkwezi kunye neMilky Way yonke, amahlathi azalwa ngeenwele zakhe, ukusuka eMathamboni kwavelisa iiminerali. ixabiso, ukusuka iiperile umongo kunye jade.
Kwaqala ukubila kwakhe imvula kunye nezidalwa ezincinci (ezinye iintsomi zithi bezizintakumba) eyayihlala emzimbeni wakhe, kwazalwa abantu. Kuthiwa uThixo waseTshayina uPan Gu wagqiba ukudala ihlabathi ngonyaka we-2.229.000 BC, evelisa intsomi eyaziwayo namhlanje.
UNüwa "Uthixokazi woLuntu"
Ithathwa phakathi koothixo baseTshayina, njengomama kunye nomdali wabantu. Kwintsomi yamaTshayina, uthixokazi uNüwa ngoyena thixokazi ubalulekileyo kubugcisa bokudala indalo iphela. Kwibali elibaliswayo, ukuba emva kokuba ihlabathi lisandul' ukudalwa waziva eyedwa kwaye edanile.
Kungenxa yokuba wayefuna abantu abacinga baze benze njengoko yena enokwenza. Kungeso sizathu le nto uthixokazi uNüwa, eziva elilolo, waya kuMlambo Omthubi waza waqalisa ukufunqula udaka ngokuzalisa izandla. Ngaloo ndlela waqalisa ukubumba imifanekiso, ezenza iintloko, izandla nemilenze ukuze kamva avuthele phezu kwayo aze abanike umoya wobomi.
Emva kokuba edale abantu abaninzi, uthixokazi uNüwa wafuna ukuba batshate ukuze abantu babe nabantwana ngaphandle kokungenelela kwakhe. Uthixokazi uNüwa ubaluleke gqitha phakathi koothixo baseTshayina kuba ugqalwa, kunye nothixo uFuxi, njengabo badala ubomi kwindalo iphela.
Uthixokazi uNüwa umela indima ka-Adam noEva eparadesi kunqulo lwamaKatolika, nto leyo efana nekaOsiris noHorus kwiintsomi zaseYiputa. Sithetha nje eTshayina kukho izinto ezininzi ezibonisa ukuba uthixokazi uNüwa usenokuba wayekho njengezinto zembali neetempile. Uthixokazi uNüwa sisithixo esinceda amadoda ukuba azale xa kwenzeka isiganeko esingalindelekanga.
Uthixokazi uNüwa umelwe ngomzimba womntu kunye nenyoka okanye umsila wedragoni. Kuba leyo yindlela imilambo esehlabathini lonke eyakrolwa ngayo yaza yoma emva kwezikhukula.
Ngokufanayo, uthixokazi uNüwa udlala indima ebangel’ umdla kwiintsomi zamaGrike njengoko enokudlala indima yomdali, umama, uthixokazi, umfazi, udade, inkokeli yesizwe okanye kwanokumkanikazi.
Intsomi ebangel’ umdla ngothixokazi uNüwa yayiyimbambano eyayiphakathi kwabona thixo banamandla bamaTshayina. Xa omnye waba thixo wayelahlekelwa, uthatha isigqibo sokubetha iNtaba yaseBuzhou ngentloko yakhe.
Enye yeentsika ezixhasa isibhakabhaka, ibangela ukuba uMhlaba uthambekele emzantsi-ntshona. Ngelixa isibhakabhaka sijonge kumntla-ntshona sivelisa izikhukhula ezininzi.
Uthixokazi uNüwa wagqiba kwelokuba anqumle imilenze yofudo olukhulu aze ayisebenzise njengentsika yokubeka intloko yakhe endaweni yoko watshatyalaliswayo nguthixo. Kodwa wayengenakwenza nto ngokuthambeka kwesibhakabhaka. Yingakho kukho isithethe, yingakho iinkwenkwezi, inyanga kunye nelanga zihamba zihamba ukuya emntla-ntshona kwaye imilambo ihamba ukuya kumzantsi-ntshona.
Kukho enye intsomi efana naleyo apho uthixokazi uNüwa ezalise umngxuma owenziwe esibhakabhakeni ngomzimba wakhe ukuze unqande izikhukula. Abanye abantu abancinci kumazantsi ntshona eTshayina bakhetha yena njengothixokazi ongumama kwaye bahlawule kuye ngokubamba amatheko egameni lakhe.
UThixo uFuxi "uThixo woLwazi"
Uthixo we-fuxi ungomnye woothixo baseTshayina ababalaseleyo kwiintsomi zaseTshayina, lo thixo unconywa ngokuyila ukubhala, ukuzingela kunye nokuloba. Ukongezelela, ubonakaliswa njengesiqingatha senyoka kunye nesiqingatha somntu ngenxa yokuba ungumyeni womama unkulunkulukazi uNüwa apho ebonakala khona kwiincwadi ezininzi kunye nemifanekiso eyahlukeneyo.
Lo thixo wamaTshayina ukwagqalwa njengomthwali wempefumlo yobomi ebantwini ekubeni, ekunye nomfazi wakhe, babumba imizobo yabantu bokuqala. Bobabini aba thixo basebenza kunye kuba uthixokazi uNüwa wayengumbumbi wemizimba yabantu. Ngoxa uthixo uFuxi wabanika ulwazi nobulumko obuyimfuneko ukuze bazingele nokuloba.
Yiyo loo nto lo thixo waduma kakhulu kuzo zonke izithixo zamaTshayina ukusukela oko wanikela ixesha ebantwini ukuze abafundise ubuchule bokuphila, wabanika nolwazi ukuze bakwazi ukubhala, ukupheka nokwenza amaqhina.
UThixo uFuxi uphe isipho esikhulu eluntwini ngokubapha isipho senkcubeko, umculo kunye nobugcisa. KumaTshayina amandulo, ayekholelwa ukuba uthixo uFuxi ngomnye woothixo baseTshayina ababewanika amandla okucinga nokwenza esona sigqibo sifanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho lo mbhalo unikezelwe kuThixo uFuxi:
“Ekuqaleni kwakungekho milinganiselo yokuziphatha okanye ucwangco ekuhlaleni. Amadoda ayesazi oomama kuphela, hayi ooyise. Alamba, afuna ukudla; bakuba behluthi, balahla loo ntsalela. Zazitya izilwanyana ezinoboya nesikhumba sazo, zasela igazi lazo, yaye zimbethe uboya neengcongolo.
Wafika uFuxi wajonga phezulu wabona into esezulwini wajonga phantsi wabona ukuba kwenzeka ntoni emhlabeni. Wadibanisa indoda nomfazi, walawula iinguqu ezintlanu waza waseka imithetho yoluntu. Wakhulelwa iitrigram ezisibhozo zokuzuza ulawulo phezu kwehlabathi"
E-China kukho ilitye lengcwaba elenziwe ngonyaka we-160 BC apho kuthiwa imizimba kaThixo uFuxi ifunyenwe kunye nomfazi wakhe u-Goddess uNüwa, owayengudade wakhe kunye nesithandwa sakhe. Kwakhona uThixo uFuxi wabangwa ngokuyila iguqin, isixhobo somtya waseTshayina. Kunye noShennong kunye noHuang Di.
Uthixokazi uGuan Yin "Uthixokazi wemfesane kunye nenceba"
ETshayina waziwa njengothixokazi uGuan Yin, ngoxa kwintandabulumko yamaBhuda waziwa njengoAvalokiteśvara bodhisattva. Nangona igama layo liguqulelwe kwisiSpanish lithetha "ozivayo izikhalo zehlabathi".
Umntu wokuqala ukubhala ngothixokazi waseTshayina uKuan Yin yimonki yamaBhuda egama linguKumarajiva. Xa waguqulela iLotus Sutra kwisiMandarin ngo-406 AD. C. kwinguqulelo yesiMandarin eyenziwe yimonki yamaBhuda, wenza iimbonakalo ezisixhenxe kwezingamashumi amathathu anesithathu zikathixokazi, wazenza zibhekisela kowasetyhini.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ubukhosi bukaTang, ngenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX, benza isithixokazi uGuan Yin bathandwa kakhulu ngokwenza umzobo walo thixokazi oneempawu ezintle kakhulu zabasetyhini kunye neelokhwe ezahlukeneyo ezinemibala emhlophe. Kumabali nakwiintsomi ezibaliswa ngalo thixokazi, kuthiwa akayi kungena ebukumkanini bamazulu.
Kuze kube yilapho bonke abantu bekwazi ukugqiba inkqubo yokukhanyisa kwaye bakwazi ukuzikhulula kumjikelo wokuzalwa nokufa kwaye ekugqibeleni bafikelele ekuzalweni kwakhona.
Kwinkolelo ethandwayo yaseTshayina, uthixokazi uGuan Yin uza kubo bonke abantu abatyhubela ubunzima, ngakumbi kwiingozi ezenzeka emanzini, emlilweni kunye nezixhobo. Ungomnye wezithixokazi ezimmeleyo ngesuti entle nenhle emhlophe kwaye ezingalweni zakhe uthwele usana olufuzisela inceba nemfesane eluntwini.
Kwezinye imiboniso eyenziwe sisithixokazi uGuan Yin, kukuba ubambe isebe lomngcunube ngesinye isandla kwaye kwesinye uphethe ivazi enamanzi asulungekileyo nayikristale. Nangona ethandwa kakhulu ngabantu abadala nabancinci kwiTshayina yakudala, kodwa xa wayesaphila akazange abe nethamsanqa elifanayo.
Ekubeni ebomini uthixokazi uGuan Yin wabulawa nguyise, ekubeni wamcel’ umngeni kuba engafuni ukutshata, kuba injongo yakhe ebomini yayikukuphelisa ukubandezeleka kwabantu ehlabathini. Kodwa uyise wayecinga ukuba loo njongo yinkcitha-xesha kwaye ihlekisa.
Xa uthixokazi wayesesihogweni, ukulunga awayekuthwele entliziyweni yakhe kwamkhulula kwesi sangqa. Yingakho ungomnye woothixo baseTshayina abakwazi ukuphuma esihogweni kwaye uye waphelisa ukubandezeleka kwemiphefumlo emininzi namhlanje.
Yiloo nto eyabangela ukuba uYana, omnye woothixo baseTshayina, abe nomsindo ngenxa yokuba wayengakwazi ukuwenza kakuhle umsebenzi wakhe waza ngaloo ndlela wagqiba kwelokuba amthumele kummandla wabaphilayo kwakhona. Ukuba kulo mmandla wanikwa uBuddha ukuze ngemfesane yakhe akwazi ukunceda abo basweleyo.
IGong Gong uThixo owaziwa ngokuba "uThixo wamanzi"
Unguthixo wamanzi phakathi koothixo baseTshayina, oye wathathwa ngabantu abaninzi njenge-monster okanye idemoni, ekubeni amandla asebenza emanzini angabangela ingozi kubantu abaninzi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okuninzi kwizinto eziphathekayo ngenxa yokuba amandla amakhulu adityaniswa. izikhukula.
Kwimibhalo yamandulo yeentsomi zaseTshayina, uThixo waseTshayina uGong gong ubizwa ngokuba yiKang Hui (康回). Ukongezelela, lo Thixo wamaTshayina umelwa njengendoda eneenwele ezibomvu nophondo olukhulu entloko nomzimba wayo umnyama.
Kumabali abaliswa ngothixo wamaTshayina uGong Gong, amchaza njengolilize, onamabhongo nokhohlakeleyo. Abaninzi baye bathi lo ngunobangela wobubi bakhe noburhalarhume anabo. Ngelixa abanye besithi ungumntu olungileyo kunye nenkokeli enkulu eTshayina yamandulo eyenza izinto ezintle kubantu baseTshayina. Oko ndakha amadama kwaye ndajongana nezikhukhula ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
Kuthiwa kukho intsomi phakathi kothixo uGong Gong owathi, kunye noThixo uFuxi noThixo uShennong, babumba iqela elaziwa ngokuba "Agasto amathathu" ababeyinzala yoMlawuli oBomvu uYan Di, nabo babengoonyana bakaZhu Rong. Unyana ogama linguHou Tu (后土) wayesaziwa kuye. Obekubizwa ngokuba yinkosi yelizwe.
Elinye lawona mabali amangalisayo malunga noothixo baseTshayina libali lothixo waseTshayina uGong gong, kuba wakha wafuna ukubonisa ukuba wayengomnye woothixo baseTshayina abanamandla kwaye wacela umngeni kuThixo uZhu Rong owaziwa ngokuba nguthixo weendudumo. idabi lokubona ukuba ngubani ofumene itrone yezulu.
Idabi lenzeka esibhakabhakeni, bobabini oothixo baseTshayina balwa besebenzisa onke amandla abo bade bawele emhlabeni, inguthixo uGong Gong ophulukene nedabi elinzima.
Emva koku, uthixo uGong Gong wayibetha kakhulu iNtaba iBuzhou entloko, neyaziwa njengenye yeentsika ezine ezixhasa isibhakabhaka. Uninzi luthi isithonga awasibetha eMount Buzhou ebevutha ngumsindo ukusukela oko woyisiwe edabini, ukanti abanye batyhola ngelithi ulibethe kuba eneentloni zokuphulukana nedabi.
Eso sithonga awasinika sona iNtaba iBuzhou saba nemiphumo yokuba isibhakabhaka sijonge kumntla-ntshona waza uMhlaba wafudukela emzantsi-mpuma.
UThixo uYu Omkhulu "uthixokazi"
Ukuba ngomnye woothixo baseTshayina kunye nomnye wookumkani bokugqibela bexesha legolide laseTshayina, lo thixo ungumseki we-Xia ethandabuzekayo kunye nentsomi. Wayenguthixo owangena ezihlangwini zikaShun noYao. WayenguDemigod kwaye ngelo xesha uMlawuli waseTshayina owayengumlinganiswa oyintloko wamabali amaninzi aseTshayina.
Elinye lawona mabali anomdla kakhulu apho i-demigod u-Yu Omkhulu athatha inxaxheba ekwakhiweni kwe-China emva kokukhukula. Inqulwa ngabantu baseTshayina njengoko imele ukuzingisa namandla okujongana nemiqobo evela ebomini.
Kuthiwa ukuzalwa kukaYu kwakunzima ekubeni uMhlaba wawukhukulise ngokupheleleyo kwaye uyise wagqiba ekubeni anyukele ezulwini waza wathatha i-Xirang, ilizwe elingcwele elikhula ngokwalo. Omnye woothixo baseTshayina ogama linguZhu Rong onguthixo womlilo wacaphuka kakhulu sesi senzo.
Ngoko ke uZhu Rong wambulala uGun uyise wothixo uYu ngenxa yesono awasenzayo. Xa sele efile, i-demigod izalwa kwinkaba kaGun. Kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokufa kukaGun, umzimba wakhe wawuhleli unjalo. Ngokuvula umzimba wakhe ngekrele, i-demigod uYu iyazalwa. Uthixo woMlilo uZhu Rong uthatha isigqibo sokukhathalela uluntu kwaye acinge ngento eyenziwe nguGun ibingembi kakhulu. Kwavumela uthixo onguYu ukuba athabathe umhlaba omncinane ozalwa yedwa aze awunkcenkceshele esibhakabhakeni ukuze akhe isijikelezi-langa siphela.
Kuthiwa kwibali le-demigod Yu, ukuba umsebenzi wakhe wathatha iminyaka engama-30 kwaye wachitha ixesha elininzi kolu rhwebo kangangokuba walibala ukubuyela ekhaya, nangona wayenamathuba amathathu okwenza oko, kodwa akazange akwenze oko. wayefuna ukuzalisekisa uthumo lokuphucula imeko yabantu kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu uzuze indawo phakathi kwezithixo zaseTshayina kunye nentlonipho yoluntu lwamaTshayina.
Kukho elinye ibali elijikeleze i-demigod uYu elithetha ngokudibana noThixo uHebo owaziwa ngokuba nguthixo womlambo otyheli, kwathiwa ngelixa lo thixo wayekwimo yakhe yomntu warhaxwa xa ehamba emlanjeni. UYu waqalisa uphando ukuze afumanise ukuba kwenzeke ntoni.
I-demigod uYu ifumana umfanekiso kumlambo otyheli onobuso bomntu kodwa onomzimba wentlanzi, lo mfanekiso waxelela uYu ukuba unguthixo uHebo, naye wabalisa okwenzekayo waza wamnika imephu enolwazi malunga nendawo ingaba imilambo eyahlukeneyo ikhona? Ngolu lwazi, i-demigod uYu wayenombono oqhelekileyo wendlela eyenzeka ngayo kwaye wayila iqhinga lokusombulula ingxaki yezikhukula.
Isisombululo awasicebayo yayikukukhupha amanzi awayegqume amathafa eTshayina yonke aze awaguqule abe ziziqithi, ezakha amaphondo asithoba, nto leyo awayenzayo kwintshona egqithiseleyo yaseTshayina. Emva koko wemba imingxuma ezintabeni waza wadala imilambo emikhulu enemilambo enamandla ukuze alawule ezo zikhukula.
Ngoxa wayekwimpuma ekude yaseTshayina wayenecebo lokwakha inkqubo enkulu yokunkcenkceshela ukuze ikwazi ukukhupha amanzi agqithisileyo elwandle, ngale ndlela ukuze akwazi ukusebenzisa umhlaba ukutyala nokulima irayisi.
Emva koko waqalisa ukudibanisa zonke iindlela zamaphondo omnye komnye, kulo msebenzi wancedwa yigongqongqo elityheli eligama linguYinglong, elathi ngomsila walo omkhulu lirhuqa umhlaba ukwenza indlela enkulu. Ngelixa ufudo olumnyama lwaqalisa ukuthabatha udaka lwalubeka elwandle.
Emva kokuba ewugqibile wonke lo msebenzi, omnye woothixo baseTshayina ogama linguGong gong, uthixo wamanzi, uthi ulwandle luyaphakama. Ngenxa yesi sizathu u-Yu demigod kwafuneka ambambe aze amgxothe, kukho enye inguqulelo apho u-Yu demigod umbulala.
UThixo uHou Yi "uThixo wokudubula"
Ungomnye woothixo baseTshayina owaziwa ngokuba ligorha elasindisa umhlaba kubushushu. Ngaphambili wayesaziwa njengoHou-i, wayengumtoli kwiintsomi zamaTshayina. Kwezinye iindawo zaseTshayina wayesaziwa ngokuba nguShenyi okanye uYi. Umelwe njengomnye woothixo baseTshayina abehla bevela ezulwini ukuze bancede uluntu.
Kwintsomi yaseTshayina, ilanga lifuziselwa njengonomyayi onemilenze emithathu kwaye waziwa ngokuba yintaka yelanga. Zidla ngokubeka ishumi kwezi ntaka, njengoko ziyinzala kaDi Jun. Uthixo wesibhakabhaka saseMpuma China, ezi ntaka zelanga zihlala kwisiqithi esikuLwandle lwaseTshayina olukwiMpuma. Yonke imihla bajikeleza ihlabathi ngenqwelo enkulu eqhutywa nguXihe. Ngubani owaziwa ngokuba ngunina welanga.
Ekubeni ezi ntaka zazisele zikruqukile yindlela enye mihla le, zagqiba ekubeni zihle zize zinyukele phezulu. Oku kubangele ingxaki enkulu njengoko iqondo lobushushu liye laphakama kakhulu kwaye zonke izityalo zibuna bubushushu kunye nomlilo otshisayo. Amachibi namachibi oma kwaye kwakungekho manzi maninzi okusela nokunkcenkceshela izityalo.
UThixo uHou Yi wabona imeko enjalo kwaye wazama ukwenza into. Wathabatha isaphetha sakhe waza waqalisa ukutola utolo lwakhe kwiintaka zelanga ezazithathe ukuziphatha okubi kakhulu. Wayesele ebulele iintaka ezisithoba. Ngoko ke uMlawuli uYao wamnqanda kuba ukuba wayenokubulala iintaka ezilishumi wayeya kulishiya ihlabathi kubumnyama obupheleleyo.
Ngenxa yesi sigqibo uthixo wokutoli awasithabathayo, wabhengezwa njengomnye woothixo baseTshayina abaye bagqalwa njengegorha luluntu. Kodwa esi sigqibo sothixo wasoyisa iintshaba ezininzi ezulwini waza wohlwaywa ngengqumbo yobuthixo.
Uthixokazi uChang'e "Uthixokazi weNyanga"
Eyaziwa ngokuba nguthixokazi waseTshayina weNyanga kwaye wahlukile kwabanye oothixo baseTshayina kuba ehlala eNyangeni, zonke iintsomi zakhe zikhatshwa ngumyeni wakhe uthixo wamaTshayina wokutoliba iintolo uHou Yi owaziwa ngokuba ngumlawuli kunye ne-elixir yobomi bonke.
Ngokutsho kwamabali aba thixo babini baseTshayina uHou Yi noThixokazi uChang’e ngabantu abangafiyo abahlala enyangeni, ngokungafaniyo nabanye oothixo baseTshayina abahlala esibhakabhakeni.
Ibali elaziwa kakhulu malunga nothixokazi uChang'e kukuba xa umyeni wakhe wenza isigqibo sokubulala iintaka zelanga, bobabini bohlwaywa ngengqumbo kaThixo, isohlwayo yayikukuba bahluthwe ubomi babo bokungafi. Eziva uthixokazi uChang'e engenabomi bokungafi, waba buhlungu kakhulu.
Yiyo loo nto umyeni wakhe, uthixo wokutola, waqalisa uhambo oluya kukhangela ipilisi yokungafi awayenayo uKumkanikazi uMama waseNtshona, kukhangelo lwakhe oluyingozi, ndingafumana umama oyindlovukazi owamnika ngokufanelekileyo ipilisi yokungafi. kwaye wamxelela ukuba kufuneka atye kuphela isiqingatha sepilisi ukuze azuze ukungafi kwakhona.
Uthixo wotolo wathatha ipilisi wayigcina ukuba ayise kumkakhe, uthe akufika ekhaya wafaka ipilisi edroweni waphinda waphuma uthixokazi uChang'e, wayiqwalasela imeko, emva kwexesha waya apho god was.drawer wathatha ipilisi watya esoyika umyeni wakhe angamniki.
Uthixokazi waqalisa ukudada emoyeni esiya esibhakabhakeni, uthixo onguHouyi, njengoko wayengumtoli omkhulu, wacinga ngokudubula utolo kodwa akazange akwazi, ngoxa lo thixokazi waqhubeka edadayo de waya kufika ekugqibeleni enyangeni.
UThixo uLanga uWunkong owaziwa ngokuba yi "Monkey God" okanye "uThixo wobubi"
Ekubeni ngoyena thixo udumileyo koothixo baseTshayina, uThixo uLanga Wunkong "uKumkani weMonkey" uguqulelwe kwincwadi ebhalwe nguWu Cheng enesihloko esithi "Uhambo oluya eNtshona olubhalwe ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX" le ncwadi ithathwa njengenye yeencwadi ezibhalwe nguWu Cheng. imisebenzi zakudala zoncwadi Chinese. Le ncwadi isekelwe kwibali lemonki egama linguXuan Zang engowendlu kaTang.
Ebalini, kuthiwa uSun Wukong waphuma kwilitye lomlingo waza kamva wabhengezwa njengenkosi yazo zonke iinkawu, kuba wazibonakalisa ekhaliphile xa watsiba kwingxangxasi ephakame kakhulu waza waqonda ukuba ngenye imini unokufa. Ngoko wagqiba kwelokuba athabathe uhambo olufihlakeleyo lokufuna ukungafi.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lohambo lwakhe udibana noSubhuti ohloniphekileyo, omnye wabafundi bakaBuddha. Le monki imfundisa ubuchule bokwenza imitsi emikhulu kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingamawaka asi-8 kwaye ibe namandla okuguqula abe ngama-72 ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizilwanyana ukuya kwizinto nabantu. Kodwa kukho ingxaki encinci kwaye leyo kukuba umsila wakhe awuyi kunyamalala.
Emva koko i-wand yomlingo ifunyenwe, ngenxa yethamsanqa lakhe, le ntonga yaziwa ngegama likaRu Yi Bang, kwaye i-Dragon King iyisebenzisa ukuba ibe nokulinganisela kunye nokulawula amaza kunye nebhotwe lakhe elisemva.elwandle. Yayiyintonga enobunzima obumalunga ne-7 lamawaka eekhilos kwaye inde kakhulu ekubeni idibanisa emazantsi olwandle nesibhakabhaka. Kodwa uKumkani uNkawu wayenamandla okuyenza ibe ncinane kangangokuba yayilingana nenaliti. Ngaloo nto wavelisa amaza amakhulu kunye nezikhukula ezininzi.
Ngenxa yoko uMlawuli weJade oyinkosi yeelwandle, isibhakabhaka, umhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba kunye nomhlaba. Wenza isigqibo sokubeka ukumkani weenkawu phantsi kwegunya lakhe. Ukuze arhwebeshe ukumkani weenkawu kwibhotwe lakhe, wamnika iwonga elibekekileyo. Kodwa xa ezifumanisa esemngciphekweni kwibhotwe, uthatha isigqibo sokusela ulwelo lomlingo ngenjongo yokwandisa ubomi bakhe ngakumbi.
Inkosi yeenkawu yahlaselwa malunga nekhulu lamawaka amajoni asezulwini kwaye yoyiswa kwaye yagwetyelwa ukufa. Kodwa akukho krele lalinokumnqumla intamo. Ngoko ke uMlawuli waseJade wagqiba ekubeni ayiphose kwindawo engcwele kuloo ndawo, yahlala iintsuku ezingama-49. Wathi akukwazi ukuhamba wayefuna ukuziphindezela ngento abamenza yona.
UMlawuli waseJade, engazi ukuba enze ntoni, kwafuneka aye kuBuddha efuna isisombululo. UBuddha onobulumko kakhulu ndikucela umngeni ukuba utsibe entendeni yesandla sakho. Kodwa ukuba uyasilela, uya kuthunyelwa kwihlabathi labantu abafayo. Ukumkani wenkawu, ebona ukuba kulula, wacela isikhundla sikaJade Emperor ukuba angaphumelela umngeni olula, uBuddha naye wawamkela.
Xa ukumkani weenkawu wabaleka ukuba enze ukutsiba, wayenza enkulu kangangokuba wathi akuba esuka emhlabeni abone iikholamu ezinkulu ezintlanu kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba uye wakwazi ukuwoyisa umngeni owawubekwe nguBuddha. Ngoko wabhala kwikholamu ephezulu isivakalisi esilandelayo "Indoda enkulu yayilapha. ” Kodwa ulonwabo lwakhe lwawela phantsi xa amagama amancinane abhalwa komnye weminwe kaBuddha waza wafumanisa ukuba umtsi wakhe omkhulu wawungekafiki nakwiminwe kaBuddha, yiyo loo nto engazange akwazi ukuwuphumelela umngeni.
Ebona ukuba aluphumelelanga uvavanyo, ukumkani wenkawu wagqiba ekubeni abaleke kuBuddha. Kodwa uBuddha wasivala isandla sakhe waza wakwazi ukubamba nokuguqula isandla sakhe saba yintaba enkulu apho wavalela ukumkani weenkawu iinkulungwane ezintlanu. Emva kokuchitha lonke elo xesha, uBuddha wamthumela emhlabeni ukuze akhusele imonki egama linguXuan Zang, kuhambo olude awayeza kuluthabatha esuka eTshayina ukuya eIndiya.
UThixo uChin Lin "Isiprofeto seUnicorn"
Ngomnye woothixo baseTshayina abazalwa kwiimfundiso zikaConfucius kwaye sisilwanyana kwiintsomi zaseTshayina ezingcwele kwaye ziyinhlanganisela yenamba, ixhama, inkomo kunye nehashe. Ugqalwa njengesilwanyana esiseluxolweni esinamandla okuprofeta oko kuza kwenzeka. Ngenxa yoko uthathwa njengomnye woothixo baseTshayina kwaye ungcwele kakhulu.
Kwiintsomi zaseTshayina, uThixo uChin Lin uthathwa njengesilwanyana esineentloni kakhulu kodwa ukuba bayamcaphukisa, uya kulahlekelwa ukuziphatha kwakhe okumsulwa kwaye uya kuba yi-unicorn eya kubangela iintlekele ezininzi. Uya kwenza izinto ezimbi kakhulu kubantu abangendawo. Yiyo loo nto ethanda ukuba ngumntu obaluleke kakhulu phakathi koothixo baseTshayina kunye neentsomi zaseTshayina.
Ukuqukumbela ngoothixo baseTshayina
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo intsomi yamaTshayina ibangel’ umdla yaye iyamangalisa, ekubeni ingengawo amabali nje amandulo kodwa asakhunjulwa nanamhlanje yaye abe yimfundiso kwisizukulwana sangoku eTshayina nasehlabathini, ngokukodwa iintanda-bulumko zobuTao nobuConfucius, kwanabo bonke abakholelwa kwimbali yamaTshayina. Oothixo baseTshayina baboniswa ngobuchule kunye namandla abo kunye nokusilela abanokuba nakho. Kodwa ubulumko obuthile buhlala bufundiswa yiyo yonke le nto, iintsomi zaseTshayina zifunda kwihlabathi lamandulo kwaye kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwizizukulwana zangoku.
Ukuba ulifumene eli nqaku malunga noothixo baseTshayina libalulekile, ndiyakumema ukuba undwendwele ezi zikhonkco zilandelayo: