Siyakumema ukuba ufunde ngakumbi ngembali kunye nokubaluleka UThixo Ares, esinye sezona zithixo zimela iintsomi zamaGrike. Wayengunyana kaZeus noHera kwaye waziwa ngeempawu zakhe ezinkulu, ukongeza ekubeni wayenabathandi abaninzi.
UThixo uAres
Ngeli xesha siza kube sifunda okungakumbi ngembali yoyena thixo ubalulekileyo kwintsomi yamaGrike, uThixo uAres, ochazwa ngabaninzi njengothixo wemfazwe weOlimpiki. Ngokutsho kwembali, lo thixo wayengunyana kaZeus noHera kwaye ngokutsho kweengoma zaseHomeric ezifunyenweyo, kukholelwa ukuba wayenezinye iimpawu ezininzi kunye ne-epithets.
I-God Ares inxulumene neempawu ezinomdla ezifana nesibindi, amandla angadinwayo, kunye nokuba ngukumkani wobudoda obudoda, umkhuseli we-Olympian kunye nemikhosi, inkokeli yabavukeli, amadoda kunye kunye nomncedisi wababuthathaka. Ngamafutshane, wayenguthixo oneempawu ezinkulu ezimkholisayo.
Uthixo wemfazwe weOlympian, njengoko wayesaziwa njalo i-God Ares, wayenezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene nemfazwe. Imele ubugorha, ubukroti nobundlobongela beemfazwe. Ukuba nguthixo wobudoda obufanayo, kuyo yonke intsomi kuye kwakho inyambalala yabathandi basetyhini abachazwa kuye, malunga namashumi amathathu.
Bamalunga nama-60 abantwana abavele kobu budlelwane, phakathi kwabo kufanelekile ukukhankanya ezinye ezinje ngeEros, Harmonia, Phobos, Deimos kunye neAmazonas. Omnye wabathandi bakhe abathandayo nabadumileyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo yayinguAphrodite, owayethathwa njengothixokazi wothando nobuhle. U-Aphrodite wayengumthandi okhethiweyo we-Ares kaThixo, kunye nokuba ngumphilisi wakhe kunye nomhlobo wakhe emfazweni. Ukulingana kwakhe kwamaRoma nguMars.
Nangona kuyinyani ukuba uAres uchazwa njengothixo wemfazwe, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ayisiyiyo yonke ixesha ephumelela amadabi. Wade wangxwelerheka ngezihlandlo ezahlukeneyo phakathi kweemfazwe. Ngesinye isihlandlo wenzakaliswa kumlo wakhe nxamnye nesithixo esincinane uHeracles. Kwenzeka into efanayo kwingxabano yakhe kunye nodadewabo u-Athena, naye unkulunkulu ongumlweli, umgcini ongcwele weqhinga kunye nobulumko.
Ngokwembali kaThixo uAres, lo mmeli weentsomi wayeza kuzalwa kwaye akhuliswe kwindawo yamabhari kunye namaThracians, asenyakatho yeHellas. Wahlala kuloo ndawo iminyaka emininzi, de kwafuneka abaleke emva kokuba efunyenwe ukuba neentlobano zesini noAphrodite, owayengathembekanga kumyeni wakhe uHephaestus izihlandlo ezininzi.
I-God Ares yayinenxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yiMfazwe yeTrojan. Wayiboleka imikhosi yakhe kwelinye icala waza waxhasa kwelinye icala, ngaloo ndlela ezama ukuvuza inkalipho yamacala omabini. Nangona wayengomnye wabona thixo bameleyo kunye neempawu zakhe ezintle, wayethiywe nangabanye oothixo abaninzi.
Imiphumo eyabangelwa zizibetho noobhubhani yayibubungqina kuphela bamandla atshabalalisayo awayenawo uthixo uAres. Yayimele kuphela inxalenye yendalo yakhe, ubundlobongela kunye nobukrelekrele. Eso simo sengqondo samkhokelela ekubeni agatywe aze athiywe ngabanye oothixo abaninzi, kuquka nabazali bakhe.
"I-Ares" yayisisichazi kunye ne-epithet kumaxesha amandulo ukubhekisa kwabanye oothixo xa babebonisa umlo, ubundlongondlongo okanye isidima somntu: izihloko zeZeus Areios, uAthena Areia kunye neAphrodite Areia zazixhaphakile,8 zikwasebenza kuApollo, ekubeni I<em>Iliad ikhohlakele ngakumbi nangaphezu koAres ngokwakhe.”
Ihlelo
Ukuba kwakukho into eyayibalaseliswa kumfanekiso kathixo uAres, yayilukuzinikela nonqulo ababelunikela kuye kwimimandla nakwimimandla emininzi. Kukholelwa ukuba unqulo lothixo uAres lwasasazeka kancinci kancinci de lwahlala kwiindawo ezinkulu kwaye lwaba lelona hlelo libalulekileyo kwiintsomi kwimbali.
Ukunqulwa kothixo uAres kwanwenwela ukusuka kwingingqi yaseAria, ekumbindi weAsia, ukuya kutsho eNtshona Yurophu. Kwimibongo yayinempembelelo enkulu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ibe liziko lonqulo kwiGrisi yamandulo, ngokukodwa amajoni namalungu omkhosi awayematsha ukuya emfazweni, ngokukodwa eSparta naseMakedoni, apho omnye wabanquli bayo avela khona. , uAleksandire Omkhulu.
Ngokutsho kwemibhalo-ngqangi ethile yembali eyanikelwa ngababhali-mbali abakhulu bamaGrike bewonga likaCallisthenes noPlutarch, uMagnus wayedla ngokunqula uthixo uAres ngaphambi kokuba athabathe inxaxheba kumadabi awahlukeneyo awathi wangenelela kuwo. UMagno wenza uthotho lwezithethe zokuphakamisa izidima zesithixo uAres. Amasiko ayequka iminikelo ethululwayo, kunye neOrphic nemibingelelo yezilwanyana.
Kwimimandla esemantla eGrisi, uthixo uAres naye wayenqulwa ngenzondelelo. Kwade kwacingelwa ukuba inkolo yalo thixo kwindawo ekuthethwa ngayo yaziswa eThrace, kunye neScythia yayiyenye yeendawo apho iAres yafumana ukunqulwa okukhulu. ESkitiya kwakunqulwa njengekrele, ekwakubingelelwa ngalo izilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinjengamahashe neenkomo, kwanamakhoboka maxa wambi ayebingelelwa.
Umzobo wothixo uAres ubaluleke kakhulu kwaye umela izixeko ezininzi zamaGrike ezinjengeThebes. Lo thixo ubonakala kwintsomi yokusekwa kwesi sixeko, nakwezinye iintsomi. Kwakhona ubonakala njengomseki wama-Amazons, apho wayenesibingelelo sokuba ama-Amazons azinikele kuthixo kwisiqithi esiseLwandle oluMnyama, apho agcina khona iintsiba enye yeentaka zabo ezingcwele.
Kwakukho nentelekelelo malunga nobukho bomfanekiso wesithixo uAres eSparta. Umfanekiso wothixo wawubotshwe ngamatyathanga, njengomqondiso wokuba umoya wokulwa noloyiso wawungenakuze ubashiye abantu ababehlala kweso sixeko. ESparta, babedla ngokunqula uAres ngamadini ezilwanyana, ingakumbi iinjana ezinja ezimnyama.
"Kwintsomi yeeArgonauts kwakukholelwa ukuba eColchis, i-Golden Fleece yaxhonywa kwi-oki kwi-grove engcwele e-Ares. kwitempile ka-Ares Thareitas, endleleni esuka eSparta ukuya eTerapnas.”
Iziqithi ezininzi zazingcwaliselwe kumfanekiso wesithixo uAres, umzekelo isiqithi esasimi kufutshane nonxweme lwaseColchis. Kuloo ndawo kwakukholelwa ukuba iintaka ekuthiwa ziiStymphalian zihlala. Esi siqithi sabizwa ngokuba yiAres Island ngokuhlonipha isithixo samaGrike.
Enye indlela yokunqula uthixo uAres yayikwizakhiwo. Esinye sezona zakhiwo zibalulekileyo ezibonakalayo ezidalwe ngokuhlonipha lo thixo wamaGrike yayibizwa ngokuba yiTempile yaseAres, eyabonwa ngumbhali-mbali uPausanias ngenkulungwane yesibini kwiAgora yaseAthene, iziko lolawulo, lenkolo nenkcubeko.
Le tempile yayinikezelwe kuthixo uAres ngexesha lolawulo luka-Agasto. Ngokusisiseko yayinetempile kaMars, eyayingumfanekiso waseRoma waseAres. Umbhali-mbali odumileyo uPausanias uyaqinisekisa ukuba kuloo tempile kwakukho umfanekiso weAres ekubonakala ukuba wayilwa nguAlcámenes. Komnye ummandla apho kwakunqulwa khona uAres, wawukwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yiNduli yaseAres.
Kuloo ndawo umpostile uPawulos wakhupha amazwi akhe. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiAreyopago kwaye imi kumgama othile ukusuka eAcropolis, yaye ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kwaqhutywa izilingo apho. Kwindawo yezinto zakudala ezibizwa ngokuba yiOlympia kwakukho nesibingelelo apho kwakunqulwa khona uthixo uAres.
Kodwa ukunqulwa kwesi sithixo akupheleli apho. Uthixo uAres wayenqulwa kufuphi naseTegea, apho wayesaziwa njengoAres Afneus, de wafumana unqulo nakwisixeko saseTegea ngokwaso, apho abantu abaninzi babequbuda kulo thixo ukuze banqule. Kummandla okufuphi nesixeko saseTegea kwakukho umthombo owawungcwaliselwe iAres.
Kwakhona wanqulwa kwisixeko samandulo samaGrike iGerontras. Kulo mmandla bekukho isakhiwo apho kukho isiko lokubhiyozela umnyhadala minyaka le abantu ababhinqileyo bangakwazi ukufikelela kuzo. Ngokufanayo, kwakunqulwa uthixo waseYiputa ogama linguAres.
Inkolo yothixo uAres yayibanzi kwaye imele kakhulu kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Yayimbalwa imifanekiso okanye amabhodlo kathixo uAres awakwaziyo ukusinda kwimiphumo yeemfazwe ezenzeka kamva. Izikhumbuzo ezimbalwa ezibhekisela kuthixo nazo zisasebenza.
Imiboniso embalwa yobugcisa okanye izikhumbuzo zikathixo uAres eziye zakwazi ukusinda zifunyenwe kwinkulungwane edlulileyo, nangenxa yomyalelo wabalawuli baseRoma ngenkulungwane yesine AD. C ukwenza izithixo zamaGrike kunye nezinye iinkolelo zinyamalale kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, izinto ezintsha ezifunyenweyo ezinxulumene nabanye oothixo ziye zavela, kuquka imifanekiso emitsha yesithixo uAres. Phakathi kwezinto ezifunyenweyo, i-busts, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, iingqekembe, i-reliefs kunye namatye anqabileyo. Uninzi lwale mibhalo luyimibhalo yokuqala yomkroli waseAthene uAlcámenes.
Iimpawu kunye nenkangeleko
Kwiimeko ezininzi uthixo uAres uchazwa njengomfana, owayenendlela ethile yokunxiba iinwele zakhe. I-hairstyle ye-anastale eyaziwayo yenziwa, ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamadoda aseGrisi yamandulo. Yayikwayindlela yeenwele eqhelekileyo yamagorha amaGrike. Uthixo uAres wamkela esi siko kwaye wayedla ngokunxiba iinwele zakhe ngendlela efanayo.
Kukho neminye imiba ebonakalayo yembonakalo yothixo uAres, umzekelo, ubuso bakhe obungenaboya kunye nomzimba. Isithixo samaGrike sasinemiqondiso emininzi eyayimfanisa neyamahlula kwabanye oothixo belo xesha, umzekelo inqwelo yokulwa kunye nesibane esikhanyisiweyo esasisoloko simkhapha ukuya kuzo zonke iindawo awayesiya kuzo rhoqo.
Ngokutsho kwembali, uAres wayedla ngokukhwela inqwelo, ekhatshwa ngamahashe amane anamandla awayekwazi ukukhupha umlilo. Kwakukho izinto ezininzi ezenza uthixo uAres wagqama kwabanye oothixo bamaGrike ngelo xesha. Enye yezinto ezimele kakhulu ze-Ares yayisisikrweqe sakhe sobhedu, ngaphezu kwekrele lakhe. Zonke ezo zixhobo zaziyimbonakalo yothixo uAres.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhankanya ezinye zeempawu zezilwanyana ezingcwele ezaziyinxalenye yothixo uAres. Iintaka ezingcwele zesi thixo zibizwa ngokuba ziinkuni kwaye ngakumbi amaxhalanga. Kumsebenzi odumileyo weArgonautics, ukukhankanywa okukhethekileyo kwenziwa kwiintaka ezingcwele zaseAres.
Kuloo mbhalo kuqinisekiswa ukuba iintaka zase-Aires zaziliqela leentaka ezazinamandla okukhupha imijukujelwa ngeentsiba zazo yaye ngaloo ndlela zihlasela imikhosi yotshaba. Kodwa iintaka yayingekuphela kwezilwanyana ezaziyinxalenye yomfuziselo kathixo uAres. Kwakukho nenja, echazwa njengesilwanyana asithanda kakhulu. Uthixo uAres ukwachongwa ngeempondo ezimbini ngentsomi yeGolden Fleece, inkunzi yegusha yoboya begolide.
Izihloko kunye nee-epithets
Ukutyhubela imbali kwakukho izihloko ezininzi kunye nemibhalo-ngqangi awayifumanayo uthixo uAres ukuze achongwe. Enye yezona epithets eziqhelekileyo ze-Ares yayiyi-Enialio, onokuthi achongwe njengegorha elinamandla. Le epithet yayidla ngokusetyenziswa kwii-ephebes zaseAthene, ababengabantu abaselula abangena kwinkonzo yasemkhosini, kunye nokuba luhlobo lwehlelo lobugorha ngexesha lokufunga kwabo.
Kodwa uEnialio wayekwaligama elanikwa omnye woonyana awayenabo uthixo uAres nothixokazi uEnio. Ngamaxesha amandulo u-Enialius wayechongiwe njengeqhawe. Kodwa yayingeyiyo kuphela i-epithet eqhelekileyo ye-Ares. Kukho nabanye abafana:
- Brotoloigos (Βροτολοιγός, 'umtshabalalisi wamadoda');
- I-Afrodisíakos (Αφροδισιακος, 'enchanted by Aphrodite')
- IiAndrophonte (Ανδρειφοντης, 'umbulali wabantu');
- Miaiphonos (Μιαιφόνος, 'ilizwi labantu');
- Enyálios (Ἐνυάλιος 'warrior hero')
- I-Teikhesiplêtês (Τειχεσιπλεικτης, 'wall-raider');
- IMaleros (Μαλιωρας, 'igqwirha, ishaman');
- Teritas (Θηρίτας, 'pacified'), nguTero, umondli wakhe kunye nomphilisi
Iintsomi
Ngaphakathi kweentsomi zamaGrike, uthixo uAres ungomnye wamanani abalulekileyo nanamandla ameleyo. Igama lakhe belibandakanyeka kuninzi loonobumba besiGrike esiza kuzama ukuphonononga kule nxalenye yenqaku lethu. Igama lakhe libonakala kwiincwadi ezininzi nakwimibhalo yembali, apho agqalwa njengoyena thixo babalulekileyo embalini.
I-Aphrodite
Uthixo uAres wayebandakanyeke nabanye abalinganiswa abaninzi kwiintsomi zamaGrike. Omnye wabo balinganiswa yayinguAphrodite, ochazwa njengothixokazi weemvakalelo nothando. Kwibali elaculwa yimbongi uDemodocus, kuboniswa ukuba ngesinye isihlandlo uthixo welanga uHelios wamangaliswa uAres ngokuba neentlobano zesini ezifihlakeleyo nothixokazi uAphrodite, owayetshatile ngelo xesha.
Bobabini benza uthando ngokufihlakeleyo kumagumbi omyeni ka-Aphrodite, uHephaestus, uthixo womlilo osisiqhwala nonomqolo. Uthixo welanga uHelios, emva kokufumanisa ukuba uAphrodite wayengathembekanga kumyeni wakhe, akazange anqikaze kwaye wagijima waya kulumkisa uHephaestus malunga nayo yonke into eyenzekayo nomfazi wakhe.
Njengoko kwakulindelwe, uHephaestus, uthixo womlilo, waba nomsindo ngenxa yeendaba zokungathembeki komfazi wakhe waza waqalisa ukwenza icebo lokuziphindezela kuthixo uAres nomfazi wakhe. Wenza umnatha ongabonakaliyo, kodwa womelele yaye uxhathisa kangangokuba akukho mntu okanye thixo wayenokuwuqhawula, owawunokuthintela nabani na ukuze asibambe eso sibini.
UHephaestus uye wafaka umnatha ebhedini apho uAres noAphrodite babedla ngokuba neentlobano zesini. Uthixo womlilo wayishiya indlu yakhe waza wabuya ngosuku olulandelayo ekuphumeni kwelanga. U-Ares, ukuphepha ukufunyanwa, wafaka umlindi wakhe u-Alectrion emnyango wangaphambili wendlu ukuze amazise xa ilanga liphuma (Helios).
Nangona kunjalo, lo mfana akazange enze umsebenzi wakhe wokugada indawo, ngokuchaseneyo, ubuthongo bambetha kwaye walala, kwaye ngombono wokuqala welanga umnatha wawela kwizibini ezithandanayo. Yile ndlela uHephaestus akwazi ngayo ukubamba isibini phakathi kwesenzo sesondo, ebashiya bengakwazi ukuhamba.
Uthixo womlilo, uHephaestus, wayengasenalo nawaphi na amathandabuzo ngokungathembeki komfazi wakhe yaye waqhubeka enxibelelana nabanye oothixo ukuze babone ukukrexeza okwakusenzeka. Oothixo bathobela ubizo lukaHephaestus, kodwa oothixokazi bakhetha ukungayi kuba bethozamile.
Ngokwenxalenye yabo, oothixo, endaweni yokucaphuka ngenxa yokungathembeki, into abayenzayo yayidumisa ubuhle obubonakalayo bukathixokazi uAphrodite, nokuba babeya kuyitshintsha ngovuyo indawo kaAres, behlekisa ngoHephaestus. Emva kokuba isibini esikhohlisayo sakhululwa, uAphrodite wabalekela ePafo, isiqithi sakubo saseSipro. Kwelakhe icala, uthixo uAres wazimela kwindawo yakowabo iThrace.
Uthixo uAres akazange akholwe yonke into eyenzekayo ngenxa yomlindi wakhe othembekileyo u-Alectrion, owayelele kwaye ngenxa yakhe bamfumene elele nomfazi kaHephaestus. Evutha ngumsindo ngenxa yesimo somlindi, akazange acinge kabini waza waqhubeka nokuguqula i-Alectrion ibe ngumqhagi ongasoze walibala ukuvakalisa ukufika kwelanga ekuseni.
Emva kokubanjwa ebhedeni, uAphrodite kunye nothixo uAres bathembise ukuba bangaze badibane ngokusondeleyo, nangona kunjalo bobabini abazange baxhathise iminqweno yabo yenyama kwaye baphule eso sivumelwano. Baye badibana ngokuphindaphindiweyo, rhoqo ngokufihlakeleyo.
Eli bali elimnandi lothando, ukungathembeki kunye nokuziphindezela kwakumelwe kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo kunye nemizobo, ngakumbi kwixesha le-Renaissance. Ngenxa yothando lwabo babenabantwana abasibhozo ubuncinane, kuquka i-Cupid (Eros).
Ares ekhonkxiwe
Kwintsomi ebaliswa kwi<em>Iliad nguthixokazi uDione kuAphrodite, isiganeko apho uthixo uAres ekhonkxwa ngamatyathanga ziiAlóadas, njengoko ayebizwa njalo amawele entsomi yamaGrike uOto noEphialtes. Aba bazalwana baqhubeka nokumbamba uAres, bamkhonkxa, baza bamtshixela kwintsimbi yobhedu unyaka wonke.
Ibali lithi uthixo uAres wayegcinwe ekhonkxiwe kwaye evalelwe iinyanga ezininzi kwaye ngexesha lokubanjwa kwakhe kwintsimbi yobhedu, akazange enze nto ngaphandle kokukhala nokubhomboloza efuna uncedo. Isikhalo sakhe saba nemiphumo, njengoko umntakwabo uHermes wamvayo waza wabaleka ukuya kumhlangula. Udade boAres, uArtemis, waqhatha ezo zigebenga ukuba ziphosane ngemikhonto, zibulalane.
"Apho uthixo onganelisekiyo wokulwa wayeya kutshabalala, ukuba umama wakhe wesibini [waseAlóadas], i-Eribea entle, akazange athathe inxaxheba eHermes".
“Kule nto umntu urhanela umnyhadala woburhelemnqa oqalwa kwinyanga yeshumi elinesithathu.
Imfazwe yeTrojan
Kwincwadi ethi Iliad, isalathiso senziwe izihlandlo ezininzi ekuthatheni inxaxheba kothixo uAres kwiimpikiswano ezibalulekileyo, njengeMfazwe yeTrojani. UHomer ubalisa ukuba uAres ekuqaleni walwela elinye icala waza wasebenzisana nelinye ukuze avuze inkalipho yamacala omabini.
I-Ares kwafuneka ingenelele kumacala omabini athatha inxaxheba kwiMfazwe yeTrojan. Wenza isithembiso kudadewabo u-Athena nonina uHera ukuba uya kulwa ngokuthanda ama-Achae kunye no-Achilles, kodwa kamva unkulunkulukazi uAphrodite noApollo bamqinisekisa ukuba ajoyine icala laseParis kunye neTrojans, apho nabo bathatha inxaxheba. . . Yile ndlela uthixo uAres walwa ngayo kumacala omabini, ukuze angadanisi nabani na.
Ngexesha lokujongana, uDiomedes wamangaliswa ukubona unkulunkulu uAres elwa egameni leTrojan kwaye waqhubeka wayala amajoni akhe ukuba abuyele. UHera wabona ukungalingani kokulwa waza wacela uZeus ukuba angenelele ukumsusa kwidabi. Emva koko, uAres wahlasela uDiomedes ngomkhonto wakhe.
U-Athena wathatha isigqibo sokutshintsha ikhondo lohlaselo. Kwicala lakhe, uDiomedes akazange ahlale phantsi kwaye wanikela impendulo yakhe kuhlaselo. UAthena walathisa isibetho ukuba ahlasele uthixo uAres, owawa wenzakele. Emva kokwenzakala, ubalekela kwiNtaba yeOlympus apho uyise wayehlala khona efuna uncedo. Uyise ka-Ares uphilisa amanxeba akhe.
"Emjonge ngobumnyama, uZeyus, oqokelela amafu, wathetha kuye: -Musa ukuhlala ecaleni kwam kwaye ukhalaze, wena babini bamanga bamanga! Kum ungoyena unenzondo kubo bonke oothixo abaxhasa i-Olympus! Ngalo lonke ixesha ungumlo, yile nto uyifunela intliziyo yakho, iimfazwe kunye namadabi!...
Noko ke, andisayi kukunyamezela ukukubona usentlungwini, ekubeni ungumntwana wam… Kwaye kum ibingunyoko okukruqukileyo. Kodwa ukuba uzelwe ngomnye uthixo, usuke waba ngowonakalisayo! Sele kulixesha elide uwiswe phantsi koothixo besibhakabhaka esiqaqambileyo!
Isikhalo sikaAres
Kukho nobungqina bokuba uthixo uAres olusizi kwaye ekhala, ubuncinci yile nto uHera asazisa ngayo kwi-Iliad. Ubalisa ukuba ngesinye isihlandlo waxelela uZeyus ukuba unyana kathixo uAres, uAscalaphus, ufile yaye wathi akuva ezo ndaba zimbi, zathi waxa iinyembezi. Wazama ukujoyina imfazwe kwicala lama-Achaeans, ngokuchasene nomyalelo kaZeus wokuba akukho ma-Olympians ayenokungenelela kwimfazwe.
U-Athena wabuyisela ubudlelwane bakhe kunye no-Ares kwaye wanceda ukuphakamisa umoya wakhe kunye nokususa yonke inzondo kuye. Kamva, xa uZeyus wakhupha umyalelo wokuba oothixo bangenelele kwimfazwe yokufa, uthixo uAres wazama ukuziphindezela kuAthena, nangona kunjalo waphela wenzakala kwakhona xa wambetha ngelitye, eligubungela ukuwa kunye nomzimba wakhe ulele ezisixhenxe. iiyugadas.
Emva kokuba ilitye labetha uthixo uAre, wambulala uIliad waza wamthumela ukuba alawule ilizwe lakowabo, iThrace, ilizwe lobulumko.
Abancedisi
Amaqabane akazange aswele ebomini bothixo uAres. Omnye wabantu ababesoloko benikela amacebiso noncedo yayinguThemis, uthixokazi obalulekileyo wobulungisa nolungelelwano oluchanekileyo lwezinto. Ukongeza kuye, kwakukho nabanye abancedisi ababalaseleyo, umzekelo kwiimfazwe, i-Deimos kunye nePhobos ngabantwana bakhe ababini kunye no-Aphrodite kunye nemimoya yoloyiko kunye noloyiko, ngokulandelanayo. Ayehamba naye nakwiimfazwe.
Omnye umntu owamncedayo yayingudade wabo neqabane elithembekileyo, uEnio, owathiywa ngegama likathixokazi wegazi nogonyamelo. Ubukho buka-Ares babuye balandelwa nguCidoimos, i-daimon yesiphithiphithi samadabi, kunye ne-Macas (Iimfazwe), i-Hisminas (Iingxabano), i-Polemos (umoya omncinci wemfazwe) kunye nentombi yakhe, uAlala.
U-Alala wayengumlingane othembekileyo wobukho be-Ares. Uthathwa njengothixokazi wesimntwiso semfazwe yamaGrike kwaye igama lakhe lasetyenziswa nguAres njengeyakhe imfazwe. Kungquzulwano olwathabatha inxaxheba, uAres wayehamba nodade wabo uEris, exhokonxa amajoni ukuba alwe.
Omnye udade wabo owayedla ngokumkhapha yayinguHebe, nangona kunjalo akazange amlandele ukuya edabini, kodwa wayengoyena mntu uphambili ekulungiseleleni ukuhlamba uthixo uAres.
"Ngendlela yokwakhiwa kwe-etymological, igama elithi phobia livela kwi-Phobos. Bamiselwe kwinzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi, eye yanika abantwana babo la magama, uPhobos noDeimos, ukukhankanya iisathelayithi ezimbini zesijikelezi-langa iMars (apho uAres wayebizwa njalo eRoma).”
Isiseko seThebes
Enye yezona nxaxheba zibalulekileyo zothixo uAres zinento yokwenza nobukho bakhe kwintsomi yokusekwa kweThebes. Lo thixo wamaGrike wayengunozala wenamba yasemanzini eyabulawa nguCadmus, yaba ngukhokho wamaSpartans, kuba kumazinyo egongqongqo ugqatso lwamagorha aphuma eAres, amaSparta, ahluma ngokungathi sisityalo.
Ukuze azole uthixo uAres, uCadmus watshata noHarmonia, owayengomnye weentombi uAres awayenazo nesithandwa sakhe uAphrodite. Ngale ndlela ungquzulwano olwalukho phakathi kwaba babini lwaconjululwa baza baqhubeka befumana isixeko saseThebes.
Ezinye iintsomi
- Kukhuphiswano lukaTyphon noZeyus, uAres wanyanzeleka, ekunye nabanye oothixo, ukuba basabele eYiputa, apho waguquka waba yintlanzi.36
- UAres wanika uHippolyta ibhanti elathi kamva lathatyathwa kuye nguHeracles.37
- Kwezinye iinguqulelo kwakusithiwa xa uAphrodite wayethanda uAdonis, uAres owayenomona waziguqula waba yinkunzi yehagu waza wabulala lowo wayephikisana naye okanye wathumela ihagu ukuba imbulale.38
- Ngokwesithethe, uAres wabulala uHalirrotio, unyana kaPoseidon, xa wazama ukudlwengula uAlcipe, intombi yakhe noAgraulo. U-Poseidon wafuna uZeus ukuba uAres agwetywe, apho wagwetyelwa khona: ityala lokuqala lokubulala kwimbali. Ezinye iiOlympians zavotela ukuba akhululwe. Kukholelwa ukuba esi siganeko sabangela igama elithi "Areyopago"
Amaqabane kunye nenzala
Akukho mfihlo nakubani na ukuba uthixo uAres wayengomnye wabalinganiswa kwiintsomi zamaGrike ababenenzala eninzi phakathi kweOlympians ezilishumi elinambini. Kubo bonke ubukho bakhe wayebonakala ngokuba nobudlelwane bothando olungenakubalwa kunye nabasetyhini abaninzi kwaye uninzi lwabo wazala abantwana.
Njengomxhasi wobudoda obufanayo, uthixo uAres wayenabathandi abangaphezulu kwamashumi amane kunye nabantwana abamalunga nama-60, uninzi lwabo luyi-eponyms yezixeko zasentsomini. Abanye abathandi ababenayo uAres kunye nenxalenye yenzala yakhe igxininiswe ngezantsi.
Ekunye noAphrodite wayenabantwana abasibhozo bebonke, kuquka iPhobos, iDeimos, iHarmonia, iAdrestia, iEros, iAnteros, iHimeros kunye nePothos. Omnye wabathandi bakhe awazala naye ngu-Aglauro, ubudlelwane obuye bazisa u-Alcippe ngenxa yoko. Abanye babathandi bakhe ababalulekileyo ngaba balandelayo, ukongezelela abanye babantwana bakhe abaphambili babizwa ngokuba:
- Altea – Meleager
- Anchiroe–Siton
- I-Astioque – iAscálafo kunye neLalmeno
- Atalanta–Parthenopeus
- I-Caldene-Solymus
- Calliope – Migdon, Edonus, Bistón and Odomanto
Amaculo eAres
Apha ngezantsi kucatshulwe kumaculo amabini awayenikezelwe kuthixo uAres. Enye yazo yabhalwa ngexesha lamaGrike, inkulungwane yesixhenxe ngaphambi kukaKristu, ngoxa isicatshulwa sesibini siyinxalenye yamaculo esiGrike asusela kwinkulungwane yesithathu ngaphambi kukaKristu ukusa kwinkulungwane yesibini emva kukaKristu.
Iculo le-Homeric VIII ukuya kwi-Ares (trans. Evelyn-White) (i-epic yamaGrike, inkulungwane yesi-XNUMX BC)
«UAres, enamandla amakhulu, umqhubi wenqwelo, ikhaka legolide, intliziyo yezenzo, umphathi wamakhaka, umsindisi wezixeko, oxhobe ngobhedu, iingalo ezomeleleyo, ongadinwanga, onamandla ngomkhonto. Owu umkhuseli weOlympus!
Utata onguMlo woloyiso, iqabane likaThemis, umbusi ongqongqo wabavukeli, inkokeli yamadoda anobulungisa, ukumkani wobudoda, ojika indawo yakho yomlilo phakathi kweeplanethi kwiindlela zayo ezisixhenxe ezidlula kwi-ether apho amahashe akho anomlilo akubambe ngaphezu kwesibhakabhaka sesithathu. yezulu.
Ndive, mncedi wabantu, mxhasi wobutsha; Phosa imitha yobubele evela phezulu ebomini bam kunye namandla emfazwe, ukuze ndikhuphe ubugwala obukrakra entlokweni yam kwaye ndityumze inkohliso yomphefumlo wam, ndithintele ubushushu bentliziyo yam, obundinyanzela ukuba ndinyathele. Iindlela zokulwa ezinqanda igazi.
Owu usikelelwe! Ndinike ubukhalipha bokuthobela imithetho engenabungozi yoxolo, ukuphepha ungquzulwano nentiyo kunye needemon ezinogonyamelo zokufa. "
Orphic Hymn LXV to Ares (trans. Taylor) (Amaculo esiGrike, ngenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX BC ukuya kwinkulungwane yesi-XNUMX AD)
“kuAres, mngcwalise ngesiqhumiso, nobungangamsha, obungakoyiswayo, nengxokozelo, ngeentolo zovuyo, nangeemfazwe eziphalaza igazi; ukhohlakele, ungonamandla, ungcangcazelisa udonga oluqinileyo kwiziseko zazo; ukholisiwe sisithonga semfazwe esoyikekayo nesixokozelayo.
Igazi lakho lomntu, amakrele nemikhonto, kunye nentshabalalo yokulwa okuphambeneyo. Yiba nomsindo, ube nokuphindezela; kuKyrpis othandekayo [uAphrodite noLyaios [Dionysius] bawuyeka, ngenxa yokunaniselana ngezixhobo, umsebenzi wamasimi; bakhuthaza uxolo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye banike intabalala, ngeengqondo ezithobekileyo.”
Ares kwiRenaissance
Uthixo uAres wayeyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yexesha elaziwa ngokuba yiRenaissance. Ebudeni belo xesha, iimpawu zalo thixo ngumkhonto nesigcina-ntloko, isilwanyana sakhe yinja kwaye intaka ayithandayo yixhalanga. Ukwabonakala kwiincwadi ezininzi zelo xesha, apho achazwa njengendoda enobundlobongela negazi.
ihlelo namhlanje
Nangona ixesha lidlulile, namhlanje inkolo yothixo uAres iyaqhubeka ikhona kwiindawo ezininzi, ngakumbi ngamacandelo athile e-Hellenism. Ngumbutho wonqulo kuphela onembopheleleko yokunqula izithixo nezithethe ezahlukeneyo ezazingoovulindlela kwiGrisi yaMandulo ngelo xesha.
Ares kunye neAphrodite kubugcisa
Kule nxalenye yenqaku lethu siza kwabelana ngemifanekiso yobugcisa yothixo uAres kunye nesithandwa sakhe uAphrodite. Uninzi lwale misebenzi yobugcisa yayidumile kwaye eminye igcinwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Usenokuba nomdla kula manqaku alandelayo: