Siza kukuxelela konke ngayo. uthixo wamaGrike uApollo, omnye woothixo abalishumi elinesibini beOlympus, ongunyana wothixo uZeyus oneTitaness kaLeto, wazalelwa kwisiqithi saseDelos. Ifanekisela amandla elanga, umculo, ubuhle bobudoda kunye nobugcisa kunye neemyuziyamu zayo zamaGrike, apho uThixo uApollo ubonakaliswa njengomfana omhle owayenobuchule kakhulu kwisaphetha kunye notolo.
uthixo wamaGrike uApollo
UThixo wamaGrike uApollo, ngomnye oothixo ezintsonkothileyo kwiintsomi zamaGrike, kodwa omnye oothixo eziphambili Olympus, kububanzi impembelelo yakhe kaThixo waba neenguqu eziliqela kunye neenkqubo zesivumelwano kunye nabanye oothixo iintsomi yamaGrike, ngoko ke rhoqo. icingele imifanekiso yayo nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ebinayo.
Kungale ndlela ukuba uThixo ongumGrike uApollo waba nguThixo wabo bonke ubuhle kunye nayo yonke into edityaniswe nayo, njengomculo, ubugcisa beplastiki kunye nokukhanya. Ukwabizwa ngokuba nguThixo ongumGrike weyeza, ukugqibelela, imvisiswano, isiprofeto kunye nokutola, wayenoxanduva lokukhusela okanye ukusongela kwindawo ephezulu esibhakabhakeni.
Kwiintsomi zamaGrike, uThixo uApollo wachazwa njengoThixo wenyaniso wamaGrike, ngenxa yoko wayesoyikwa ngabanye oothixo yaye abo babenokuquka uThixo uApolo yayingumama noyise kuphela. Ukwabizwa ngokuba nguThixo wokufa ngequbuliso okubandakanya ukubanjwa kwentliziyo engalindelekanga ngexesha, kunye noThixo wezibetho nezifo, kodwa ebesoloko eyaziwa ngokuba ngumkhuseli kwimikhosi engendawo.
UThixo uApollo uyaziwa njengenye yezona zinto zidibeneyo kwindalo, kunye nengca kunye nemihlambi ekhusela abelusi, oomatiloshe kunye nabatoli. Nangona yonke imvelaphi yeentsomi zoThixo wamaGrike uApollo ziye zafihlakala, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha imbongi uHomer ngenkulungwane yesibhozo ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu, wanikela ukubaluleka okukhulu kwiGrike uThixo uApollo, kuba yenye yezona zikhankanyiweyo kwinoveli edumileyo. La Iliad.
Kwiintsomi zaseRoma ngenkulungwane yesihlanu ngaphambi kukaKristu, uThixo ongumGrike uApollo waziwa ngamagama aliqela, phakathi kwawo nguDelico ngenxa yokuba wazalelwa kwiSiqithi saseDelos, kwanegama likaPitio ngokuba ngumdlali wengqondo. ukufa kwePython eyayigada iTempile yaseParnassus, kuko konke oku amaRoma anikezela kuye iTempile yokuqala.
Bonke abantu ababezazi izono ababezenzile bacela kuThixo ongumGrike uApolo ukuba ahlanjululwe, kanye njengokuba wayenguThixo owongamela imithetho yonqulo nemithetho nemigaqo-siseko yezixeko.
Kwintsomi yamaGrike, uThixo uApollo ungumfuziselo wempefumlelo yesiprofeto, wayenokuxela ikamva, nakwizobugcisa ezaziyiyo nayiphi na imisebenzi yobugcisa ephefumlelwe yi<em>aesthetics, eyinkosi yeyona ndawo idumileyo yamandulo, ebizwa ngokuba yiOracle yaseDelphi. . Ngendlela efanayo wayeyinkokeli yeemyuziyam ezilithoba zamaGrike ezaziphefumlela ubugcisa ngelo xesha wayene-epithet ye Apollo Musageta, Ekubeni wayeyinkokeli yeemyuzi ezilithoba zamaGrike, wayekhonza njengoThixo ongumxhasi womculo nemibongo.
Isixhobo somculo esisetyenziswe nguThixo ongumGrike uApollo yayiyihabhu, ethetha ukumanyanisa urhulumente, inkcubeko, umculo, inkolo kunye nesayensi. Ukongezelela kwisibakala sokuba kubomi bemihla ngemihla bamaGrike lalisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuthandwa kwalo, amaculo abawacula kuThixo wamaGrike uApollo afumana igama elithi peanes, ekwakusithiwa lisisinciphiso sikaPéan owathi. wayengumzukulwana wonyana wakhe uAsclepius.
Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba ebomini bukaThixo wesiGrike uApollo wayenenani elikhulu lothando ngokukodwa kunye ne-muses yamaGrike, imveliso yabo bonke ubuhle awayenabo, wayenabantwana abaninzi, kodwa wayeneengxaki ezininzi, ngokufanayo. indlela awayenabathanda ngayo amadoda phakathi kwabo abathandi abadumileyo nguJacinto noCipariso.
UThixo uApollo, kwiintsomi zamaGrike uye waboniswa njengomfana oselula onokwakheka okunamandla kunye nezemidlalo, uhlala ehamba ze kwaye akanayo iindevu ekuzalisekeni kwamandla akhe kunye nesambatho esimbambileyo kwaye sihamba kunye nesaphetha sakhe kunye ne-cylindrical. ibhokisi egcwele iintolo
Kanye kunye nesixhobo sakhe somculo, i-lyre, ekuthiwa yenziwe ngumntakwabo uHermes kwaye wamnika yona, ikwahamba kunye nenyoka esetyenziswa njengesimboli kwiyeza, ihlungulu okanye igriffin.
Kwixesha lamaGrike kwinkulungwane yesithathu ngaphambi kukaKristu, bayinika imfanelo ye Apollo Helios, emfanisa noHelios uThixo weLanga, yaye udadewabo wanikwa umfaneleko ofana noSelene uthixokazi weNyanga.
Apho uThixo wesiGrike uApollo wayesoloko echongwa ngendlela ehambelanayo ukuze aqaqambise inkalo ethile ngaye. Ngenxa yokuba yayinoothixo abaninzi kwiindawo eyayinqulwa kuzo, nangona kunjalo yasinda ixesha elide ngokuthembeka kwayo de kwafika ubuKristu kumaXesha Aphakathi. Ekubeni ngelo xesha uThixo wamaGrike uApollo wachongwa njengosathana ngokwenkolo yobuKristu.
Ngelo xesha banxulumanisa izithixo zika-Apollo nezingahloneli Thixo, kuba ngexesha lobuKristu kwakungavumelekanga ukunqulwa kwabanye oothixo yaye lowo bamfumanisayo wayegwetyelwe ukufa esibondeni, yaye oku kwakunyanzeliswa ngemimiselo yonqulo olukhulu. ukwandiswa kommandla wobukumkani obukhulu baseRoma.
Kwixesha langoku le mithetho ayizange isebenze kwaye unqulo loThixo wamaGrike uApollo lwaphinda lwenziwa kunye nabanye oothixo bamaGrike. Okwangoku, emva kokuthula ixesha elide, banqula uThixo uApolo ngokusebenzisa abantu abalandela i-Hellenism eYurophu, eMelika ngakumbi eGrisi.
Intsomi kaThixo uApollo isetyenziswe zizazinzulu ezininzi, iintanda-bulumko, amagcisa kunye neengqondi ukutolika kunye nokubonisa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bomntu, uluntu kunye nenani elibalulekileyo lezinto zendalo, ukongeza kumfanekiso kaThixo wamaGrike uApollo. ifumaneka kwiindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwixesha lethu langoku.
Ukuzalwa kunye nobuntwana bothixo wamaGrike uApollo
Ukuzalwa koThixo wamaGrike uApollo kunye nodade wabo uArtemis, uthixokazi wokuzingela, amahlathi kunye nezilwanyana. Ukwangumkhuseli wobuntombi, bobabini babesisiqhamo somanyano lukaThixo kaZeyus (Jupiter) kunye noThixokazi uLeto (waseLatvia) owathi ngokwentsomi yamaGrike wayenguthixokazi wobusuku kwaye ngenye indlela yokukhanya kwemini. .
Kodwa xa uthixokazi uLeto wakhulelwa, waba nengxaki noHera, umfazi kaThixo uZeyus, ngenxa yokuba wayenomsindo kakhulu koko wakwenzayo yaye ngaloo ndlela wayesongela nabani na owayenceda uthixokazi uLeto ukuba azale abantwana bothixo. UThixo uZeyus, yiloo nto uthixokazi waqala ukuzulazula emhlabeni wonke ukuze azale, kuba uthixokazi uHera wayethembise ukuqalekisa nabani na oya kunceda uLeto azale emhlabeni owomileyo.
Njengoko kwakutshiwo, ukuba wayengenakuzala ngaphandle kwelizwekazi elithile okanye nasiphi na isiqithi esasilapho, ngoko ke uthixokazi uHera wabamba u-Ilithyia, uthixokazi wokuzala ukuze angezi kumnceda, ngelixa uLeto ezulazula kwindawo nganye. yomhlaba ukuze akwazi ukuzala, wakwazi ukufikelela kwiSiqithi sase-Ortigia esasiyintlango.
Ngokwembali yesi Siqithi sase-Ortigia, kukuba uThixo uZeus ezama ukudlwengula udade kaLeto ogama linguAsteria, i-mushroom yasinda ekuguquleni ibe yisagwityi, yaziphosa elwandle yaza yaba sisiqithi esidadayo, kukho uthixokazi uLeto ngeentsuku ezisithoba. emva kwexesha, intlungu yakhe yayinamandla kakhulu, apho oothixo base-Olympus bashukunyiswa kwaye benza u-Artemis azalwe kuqala ukuze ancede unina ngokuzalwa koThixo wamaGrike uApollo.
Xa uThixo uApollo wazalwa, iSiqithi sase-Ortigia satshintsha igama laso kwiSiqithi esidadayo saseDelos, esinentsingiselo eqaqambileyo ye-Apollo, uThixo wokukhanya. Ukususela ngaloo mzuzu isiqithi saseDelos sasigxininiswe emazantsi olwandle ngamakholomu amane, ekubeni uThixo uZeus wayenombulelo kakhulu ngokwamkela uLeto kunye nabantwana bakhe. Waluphelisa uhambo lwakhe lokunqula enqumla ulwandlekazi.
Emva koko, iSiqithi saseDelos sasiyindawo yokungcwalisa unqulo lwakhe kuThixo uApollo, ibe yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zeendawo ezingcwele zalo Thixo wamaGrike. Ngokutsho kweentsomi zamaGrike, uThixo ongumGrike uApollo wazalwa ngomhla we-7th weTargelion okanye ngenyanga kaBisio ngokwesithethe seDelphi kunye neentsuku ze-7 kunye ne-20 yenyanga entsha kunye nenyanga epheleleyo ingcwaliswe kuThixo uApollo.
Ebona oko kwenzekayo, uthixokazi uHera akazange ayeke ukucaphuka kwakhe kuLeto kunye neentsana ezimbini, apho uthatha isigqibo sokuthumela inyoka yePython eyoyikekayo owayengumgcini wengcwele yesiprofeto saseDelphi ukuba ababulale bonke.
Kodwa uThixo osemncinane ongumGrike uApollo waxhobe ngesaphetha sakhe neentolo zikaHephaestus, owayezenzele uThixo uApollo, wajongana nenyoka eyoyikekayo ethatha ubomi bakhe waza waba ngumgcini weOracles yaseDelphi. Ukulawula uThixo onokuxela ikamva.
Kwelinye ibali lentsomi, uthixokazi uHera wenza elinye ilinge lokubulala uthixokazi uLeto, ethumela isigebenga sikaTicio ukuba simbulale, kodwa uThixo uApollo, encediswa newele lakhe uArtemis, wakwazi ukuqulatha amandla ale monster, esindisa imimoya. ubomi bukaLeto unina uLeto, noThixo uZeyus wohlwaya irhamncwa ngokumvalela eTartaro, owona mmandla unzulu wesihogo.
Etymology kaThixo uApollo
Kwintsomi yamaGrike uThixo uApollo wayebizwa ngegama lika "Apolon" o "Apellon" Ngoxa amaRoma ayembiza "Apollo" yaye amaEtruco ayithiya igama elithi “Apulu” o "Apula", kodwa into esiqiniseke ngayo kukuba akuqinisekanga ngemvelaphi yegama likaThixo uApollo.
Nangona abaphandi abaninzi beqinisekisa ukuba kukho imizekelo emininzi ye-etymology eyaziwayo, yiyo loo nto uPlato wanxulumanisa igama likaThixo wesiGrike uApollo kunye negama elithi Cratylus, elinentsingiselo enjengokukhulula, ukuhlanjululwa, kunye namanye amaxesha alula. Igama lakhe likwabhekisa kwimo yaseTesalonika ethetha ukuthi "Lowo uhlala edubula"
Nangona enye intanda-bulumko yomntu uHesychius uye wanxulumanisa igama likaThixo uApollo kunye negama elithi Doric elinokuguqulelwa ngokuthi "Indibano" ngenxa yesi sizathu uThixo uApolo wayeza kwaziwa njengoThixo wobomi bezopolitiko, nanjengoThixo wengcaciso. Ekupheleni kwayo yonke into unokuthiwa nguThixo wempahla emfutshane neenkomo.
Kwesinye intanda-bulumko egama linguPlotinus, igama likaThixo lesiGrike uApollo linentsingiselo yokuchaswa kwezininzi. "abaninzanga", kwiPythagoreans inentsingiselo yenye, ilandela lo mgca kaPlutarch waqinisekisa ukuba iiPythagoras zayamanisa amagama kaThixo kunye namanani kwaye i-monad yachongwa noThixo wesiGrike uApollo.
KuBurkert ocebisa ukuba igama likaThixo uApollo livela kwi "Iisamani eziNgcwele" kodwa ukuba uNagy uyithatha njengento engenakwenzeka, ngokusekelwe koko u-Hesychius wase-Aleksandriya uqinisekisa, kodwa yonke le thiyori yakhatywa nguFrisk, uChantraine kunye noDietrich abagcina ukuba imvelaphi kaThixo wamaGrike uApollo ayaziwa,
Kodwa uBernal wenza isifundo kwaye ubonisa uphando lwegama likaThixo uApollo elivela kuHorus. Uthixo wesibhakabhaka waseYiputa, ngohlengahlengiso lwefonetiki kunye neziphakathi eFenike apho uThixo waseYiputa uHorus kunye noThixo waseGrike uApollo kwathiwa bayafana.
Kukwakho nethiyori yokuba igama Ithatyathwe kuhlobo lwakudala kakhulu luka-Apollo lukaThixo olunokufaniswa no-Apliunas uthixo wantlandlolo ogama lakhe linentsingiselo ye "uyise wengonyama okanye uyise ukukhanya" emva koko amaGrike anxulumanisa igama lothixo uApollo kunye nesenzi "tshabalalisa".
Abaphandi abaninzi baye bacebisa ukuba uThixo uApollo ufumana ubuThixo bakhe kubantu baseHurrian namaHeti bamandulo. Zabizwa kakhulu ngexesha lesibetho kunye noAplu oku kuthetha ukuba unyana ka-Enlil owayeyinkosi yezulu nomhlaba, igama elibizwe kuThixo uNergali, owayehlobene ngokusondeleyo noShamashe, uthixo waseBhabhiloni. ilanga.
Inkolo yothixo wamaGrike uApollo
Kwimbali kuthiwa uThixo wamaGrike uApollo, kunye nabantu base-Etruscan, bafika kuLwandle lwe-Aegean ngexesha le-Iron Age phakathi kwe-1100 kunye ne-800 BC, ukusuka e-Anatolia, isixeko esise-Asia Minor, imbongi uHomer ubonisa. UThixo uApollo kwicala leTrojan, ngokuchasene namajoni aseAchaean kwi-epic War yeTrojan eyathatha iminyaka elishumi.
Phakathi kweminyaka ye-1700 ukuya kwi-1200 ngaphambi kukaKristu, kwiXesha leBronze, kwi-Aplu Hitite kunye nabantu baseHurrian, uThixo uApollo wayebonakaliswe njengoThixo wezibetho kwaye wayenokufana okuthile noThixo weMouse uApollo Smintheus. Apha kubonakala isizathu esingaqhelekanga kancinane ekubeni uThixo owazisa isibetho wacelwa ukuba aphelise kwaeso sibetho. Kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha le ngcamango yaxutywa kwaye kwabakho ukuxubana apho waziwa njengoThixo ophilisayo.
Kwincwadi ye-Iliad, imbongi uHomer iqinisekisa ukuba uThixo ongumGrike uApollo unguThixo ozimeleyo kwaye unokuphilisa amanxeba abangelwa yiHadesi kunye neAres. Kodwa kwabanye ababhali abaphande yonke into ngoThixo uApollo, baye baxela ukuba konke oku kwaba yinto nje yokufaneleka malunga nobukho bokuba nguThixo ophilisayo.
Imbongi uHomer yabonisa uPenn ukuba yayiyingoma yemfazwe yaseGrisi kunye nokubulela kuloyiso, kodwa imbongi uHesiod yahlula zombini ingoma kunye nengoma yoloyiso. Sele kumbongo uThixo uApollo ubizwe njengoThixo wokuphilisa, kodwa ukwahlula iPean ekuphiliseni kunzima kakhulu kuba yingoma yokuphilisa.
Ngenxa yokuba ezi ngoma zimbini zazibhekiswa kuThixo wesiGrike uApollo, ngoko ezo ngoma zaziculelwa abanye oothixo abafana noDionysus, uHelios noAsclepius, ekubeni behlobene ngokusondeleyo noThixo uApollo. Kwinkulungwane apho kugxininiswa ngakumbi kwi-IV ngaphambi kukaKristu.
Ngenxa yezi ziganeko, uThixo ongumGrike uApollo waqatshelwa njengoThixo womculo, ukongeza ekukhuseleni kwizifo nakwintlekele okanye ukuba nombulelo ngokhuseleko olunikiweyo, nasekunxulumaneni kwakhe nokufa kwe-python okoko wayibulalayo. uzimanya naye njengothixo woloyiso nedabi. Yiyo loo nto izithethe zemikhosi yamaRoma zazicula i-pean xa zisiya kulwa idabi ukuze ziphumelele.
Ngokuphathelele umanyano uThixo uApollo analo kunye ne-Oracle yaseDelphi, unolwazi lokwazi ukuba yintoni umphumo wokugqibela waso nasiphi na isifo, yingakho edibene ngokusondeleyo nomculo kwaye unesixhobo somculo esibizwa ngokuba yi-lyre.
Ukuphilisa kungokwakhe kwaye lo thixo uApollo unguyise ka-Asclepius onobungcwele bokuba nguThixo wamayeza. Kanye njengokuba inekwayala yayo yeemyuzi ezilithoba ezikhuthaze amagcisa ukuba enze imisebenzi yawo yobugcisa, eyayingumculo, imbali, imibongo kunye nomdaniso njengeyona iphambili.
Iindawo apho kwakunqulwa khona isithixo uApollo
UThixo ongumGrike uApollo ngomnye wamagorha eOlimpiki awayeneendawo ezininzi okanye iitempile apho wayenqulwa khona, kwabakho iindawo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokumnqula ezaziyiDelphi neDelos, nanjengoko lo Thixo imiboniso emininzi yenziwa apho yayingamahlelo. kaThixo uApollo Cintio noThixo uApollo Pythia, ezazahluke kakhulu kodwa kwangaxeshanye zazinokunqulwa kwizixeko ezifanayo.
Kukwabalulekile ukuba maninzi amagama asuka kuApollo kwaye asetyenziselwa ukuchaza uthixo ofanayo. igama njengoko ibizwa kumaxesha amandulo efana ne-Apaliunas eyayifuna ukubhekisela kwingonyama uyise okanye uyise wokukhanya. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha amaGrike aqala ukudibanisa igama lika-Apollo nentshabalalo.
Ngothixo wamaGrike uApollo, inkolo enkulu kangaka yenziwa kangangokuba baqala ukunika igama lakhe kwizixeko ezininzi ezifana neApollonia, Apollodorus kunye neApollonius. Ukongeza kwezinye ezibonakala kuwo wonke ummandla wamaGrike. Unqulo lukaThixo u-Apollo lwasasazeka kwiindawo ezininzi ukuba xa imithombo ebhaliweyo yaqala ngonyaka we-650 BC kwakukho amahlelo oThixo wamaGrike uApollo.
Kwiintsomi zamaGrike, uThixo uApollo wayeneendawo zakhe ezingcwele, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kunye nommeli yayiyingcwele ye-Oracle yaseDelphi, ukwakhiwa kwayo kwakubaluleke kakhulu kwaye ngaphakathi kweendonga kwakufana nesixeko apho kwakhiwe khona imithombo emininzi kunye neqonga elikhulu. , ukongeza Kwakukho amagumbi okulala amakhulu abantu abasuka kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo.
Kwakukho iindawo apho abo bahambayo ukuya kubonisana ukuze bazi malunga neminikelo yabo yexesha elizayo eshiye igolide, isilivere, ubhedu kunye namatye anqabileyo, ingcwele ye-Oracle yaseDelphi yafumana amawaka abantu ngosuku abahamba kunye nomnqweno wokubonisana, beza. ukusuka eGrisi nakwiindawo ezininzi zeMeditera.
Enye yezona ndwendwe zibalaseleyo eziye kudibana kwi-Oracle yaseDelphi yayinguAleksandire omkhulu, owaprofetwa ngumvumisi ukuba. “Ndiya kuloyisa ihlabathi” ekubeni kuloo Oracle wayenodumo olukhulu lokungaphumeleli kwizibikezelo azinika abacebisi.
Ezinye iiTempile ezazinodumo olukhulu yayiyeyakwaClaros kunye neBránquidas, babenesibingelelo somlomo e-Abas kwaye ukusuka kuloo ndawo isichazi esithi uAbeo sivela, kwakubaluleke kakhulu oko uCroesus, ukumkani wokugqibela waseLydia, wabuzwa. Kulo lonke elaseGrisi kwakukho iitempile ezininzi phakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo:
ididyma Isihlabo esasikunxweme lwesixeko saseAnatolia, esasikumntla-ntshona wesixeko saseSardesi saseLydia, kwakukho ababingeleli bomnombo wamasebe yaye baphenjelelwa kukusela amanzi avela kumthombo ophuma emazantsi omhlaba nawo owawumkhulu kakhulu. ukuphiliswa kwabacebisi.
Hierapolis Babyce ibekwe eAsia Minor yenye Oracle ebaluleke kakhulu ukunqula uThixo wamaGrike uApollo, ingcwele yayiyeyothixokazi waseSiriya uDe Dea waseSiriya, owayenomfanekiso kaThixo uApollo enesambatho esikhulu neendevu. Apho ukuvumisa kwenziwa ngokushukuma komfanekiso kaThixo uApollo.
Isiqithi saseDelian Indawo apho uThixo wesiGrike uApollo wazalelwa khona, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Oracle ye-Apollo Delio yayisecaleni kwechibi elikhulu elingcwele, apho uThixo uApollo wakhula khona.
ICorinto Kule tempile, uThixo uApollo we-Oracle ehlala kwisixeko saseTenea wayenqulwa, kunye namabanjwa awayebanjwe kwiMfazwe yeTrojan.
Itempile ka-Apollo nayo ibekwe kwisiqithi saseDelphi apho intwasahlobo yayibaleka ngaphakathi kwaye yayisetyenziselwa ukwazi ikamva labacebisi.
ULycian Patara Kwakukho enye i-Oracle eyayisetyenziswa ebusika, apho kwakusithiwa yindawo apho uthixo uApollo wayeza kuchitha khona ubusika, yayilawulwa nguPatara owayeyinzwakazi kunye nomxeli-mathamsanqa.
icacile Ifumaneka e-Asia Minor kunxweme olusentshona, yayifana ne-Oracle yaseDelphi apho kwakukho umthombo kwaye ababingeleli basela amanzi ukuze bakwazi ukuprofeta ngekamva labacebisi, indawo etyelelwe kakhulu ukuphilisa abagulayo.
Ezinye iitempile ezincinci apho kwakunqulwa khona uThixo wamaGrike uApollo useThebes eyona tempile indala yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ngaphambi kukaKristu, kwakunqulwa uThixo uApollo Ismen. Yayisisakhiwo esigobileyo. Itempile yaseDoric nayo yakhiwe ngenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu, kodwa kuphela iindawo ezincinci kakhulu eziye zafunyanwa ukusukela oko yadilizwa, yaziwa ngokuba yintsomi eyaculwa nguDafne Farias kwaye imibhiyozo yayibanjwa rhoqo kwiminyaka elithoba kuThixo uApollo. Phakathi kwezinye iitempile ezazinqula uThixo wamaGrike uApollo zezi zilandelayo:
- ERoma kwakukho itempile ka-Apollo eyayinikezelwe kuApollo Medicus, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yayisecaleni kwetempile yothixokazi wemfazwe uBellona.
- Itempile ka-Apollo Actio ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC. C., kwintlambo yaseActium, kunxweme lwaseAcarnania.
- Itempile ka-Apollo eTermon, eAetolia.
- Itempile ka-Apollo Agieo ('umkhuseli wezitrato') kwisixeko saseMegalopolis, eArcadia.
- Itempile ka-Apollo eApollonia (Epirus).
- Itempile ka-Apollo kwisiqithi saseOrtygia, eSirakuse (eSicily).
- Itempile ka-Apollo ePhigalia, eArcadia.
- Itempile ka-Apollo eKorinte.
- Itempile ka-Apollo eDelos.
- Itempile ka-Apollo Delphinium eDros, kumntla-mpuma weKrete (ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC)
- Itempile ka-Apollo e-Utica, emantla eTunisia.
Inkolo kaThixo uApollo eRoma
Emva kokuba amaGrike enqule uThixo wamaGrike uApollo, amaRoma nawo enza okufanayo, ezuza yonke inkcubeko yaseGrisi ekubeni kwakukho amathanga amaGrike kumazantsi eItali. Itempile yokuqala enikezelwe kuthixo wamaGrike uApollo eRoma yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC. Xa inkolo kaThixo uApollo yayisele imalunga nekhulu leminyaka ubudala.
Njengoko uApollo wayenguThixo wamaGrike eRoma wayengenaye uThixo onokumfanisa kwiintsomi zamaRoma, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha iimbongi zaseRoma zamfanisa noThixo uPhoebus. Kukho esinye isiko lamaGrike apho i-oracle ye-Delphic yaboniswa ngokubanzi into yokuqala kusasa ngexesha lookumkani baseRoma, ngexesha lolawulo lweTarquinius Superbus.
Ngo-430 BC, iRoma yabethwa sisibetho, ekwathi ngenxa yoko kwasekwa iTempile yokuqala eRoma kwiFlaminian Fields, eyayiza kuthatha indawo yendawo yakudala ebizwa ngokuba apollinare, ngexesha leMfazwe yesiBini yePunic ngonyaka wama-212 BC. I-Ludi Apollinares ('Imidlalo ye-Apollonian'), yenziwa egameni likaThixo uApollo.
Ngexesha lomlawuli waseRoma uAgasto, wayegqalwa ekhuselwe nguThixo uApollo, ihlelo lamthandeka kakhulu, laba ngomnye woothixo bamandulo baseRoma. Kwidabi elalibizwa ngokuba yiActium elaqhubeka kufuphi neTempile ka-Apollo eRoma, uMlawuli waseRoma uAgasto wayalela ukuba kwakhiwe eyona Tempile inkulu. Yaye enye inxalenye yoko kwaphunyelelwayo edabini yasetyenziselwa ukuphumeza imidlalo ye<em>quinquennial kuzukisa uthixo wamaGrike uApollo.
Emva kwemidlalo, itempile entsha yakhiwa egameni likaThixo uApollo ebekwe kwiNduli yasePalatine. Imibingelelo nemithandazo yayinikelwa kuphela kuThixo uApollo noDiana, ababemela uthixokazi onyulu wokuzingela, yaye oku kwagqitywa imidlalo yehlabathi eyayibhiyozelwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC.
Inkolo yamaCeltic kaThixo uApollo
UThixo wamaGrike uApollo wayenqulwa kakhulu kuwo wonke ummandla wamaGrike, wayenqulwa nakuBukhosi baseRoma, nakwimimandla yamaCelt, wayegqalwa njengothixo welanga kwananjengothixo onokuphilisa zonke izifo. Nangona amaCelt amaninzi ambhidanisa noothixo baseCeltic ababeneempawu ezifanayo. Bamnike izichazi ezininzi kunye nezichazi, phakathi kwazo ezi zilandelayo:
Apollo Atepomarus njengoko umkhweli omkhulu ukusukela kwihlabathi Celtic amahashe zihlobene ngokusondeleyo ilanga.
Apollo Belenus kolu qeqesho lwanikelwa kwiindawo eziphakamileyo njengaseGaul nakumantla eItali yaye lalifana noThixo welanga nophilisayo.
Apollo Cunomaglu isihloko awayesinikwe esibingelelweni kwisixeko saseWiltshire, wayekwanguThixo wokuphilisa kwaye wayebhideke kakhulu noThixo weCeltic owayephilisa.
Apollo Grannus Ekubeni enguThixo wentlakohlaza nokuphilisa, wayekwafaniswa nothixo wamaGrike uApolo, ngenxa yokuba enesiphiwo sokuphilisa abagulayo.
Apollo Maponus Yayisaziwa kuba imibhalo yafunyanwa eNgilani, yayinguThixo wasekhaya kwaye yayiyingxubevange yoThixo ongumGrike uApollo kunye neCeltic uThixo uMaponus.
Apollo Moritasgus le yayiyinkcazo eyanikwa uthixo uApollo eAlesia, isixeko sezizwe zaseGallic, apho wayenqulwa kakhulu, ekwanguthixo wokuphilisa noogqirha.
Apollo Vindonnus itempile yakhelwe kuye kwisixeko sase-Essarois namhlanje yi-French community. Kufuphi kakhulu kwisixeko saseChâtillon-sur-Seine (eBurgundy). Kungenxa yokuba wayenesiphiwo sokuphilisa, ngokukodwa ukubona.
Apollo Virotutis Unguthixo abambiza ngokuba ngumncedi woluntu, yaye wayenqulwa, phakathi kwezinye iindawo, eFins d’Annecy (Haute Savoie) naseJublains (Maine et Loire).
inkolo kule mihla
Ngenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, igama loThixo wesiGrike uApollo lisasebenza ngokupheleleyo, ligxininisa ubugcisa, inzululwazi kunye noncwadi, apho igama ngalinye okanye umfanekiso kaThixo uApollo umelwe kubantu, iinkampani, amashishini kunye nemisebenzi emininzi yobugcisa kunye noncwadi. , nakwiiprojekthi zenzululwazi ezifana naleyo isetyenziswa yi-NASA njengeprojekthi ye-Apollo.
ESpeyin kukho iithiyetha ezininzi kunye nemiboniso bhanyabhanya enegama likaThixo wesiGrike uApollo, phakathi apho iApollo Theatre igqame eMadrid, Murcia, Barcelona, Miranda de Ebros. Kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, njenge-Opeth Apolo, ii-movie ze-Apolo (i-Bosnia), i-Apolo Cinema (i-Tbilisi), i-cinema ye-Münster, iipaki kunye nezikwere (i-Apolo de Vratislava, i-Apolo de Cartagena park), i-Apolo Centre.
Kukho izindlu zezixhobo kunye namaziko omculo (Apolo Música, Musical Apolo, Apolo Cítaras, eMzantsi Merika), iHammersmith Apollo (eLondon, eNgilani), amaqela omculo werock (abaseUruguayan uHijos de Apolo, noApolo Rocks waseArgentina), ikwayala yaseApollo. yesixeko saseLoretto eItali, uluhlu lubonakala lungenasiphelo.
Iimpawu kunye neempawu zikaThixo uApollo
Kwiintsomi zamaGrike, iimpawu ezaziwa kakhulu kunye neempawu awayenazo uThixo uApollo sisaphetha notolo, kodwa uhlala ephethe esandleni sakhe isixhobo somculo esibizwa ngokuba nguApollo. uhadi, kunye neplectrum nekrele lakhe.
Olunye uphawu yayikukuba wayephethe i-tripod ukwenza amadini ekubeni lo wayemele kakhulu uThixo uApollo, wayenesebe le-laurel lemibingelelo yokuhlanjululwa eyayisetyenziselwa ukwenza isithsaba soloyiso kwimidlalo yePythian eyayibhiyozelwa ngembeko. kaThixo uApolo rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine.
Enye yeempawu zakhe yayingumthi wesundu owawungcwaliswe kuye ngenxa yokuba uThixo uApollo wayezelwe phantsi komthi wesundu omkhulu kwiSiqithi saseDelos. Izilwanyana ezininzi nazo zangcwaliswa kuThixo uApollo, njengeengcuka, amahlengesi kunye nexhama lexhama, iwhooper swan kunye necicadas (umculo ofuziselayo), ookhetshe, amagwababa, amahlungulu kunye neenyoka (ezithetha ngemisebenzi yakhe njengothixo wesiprofeto), iimpuku. kunye neegriffins, iihybrids zentsomi zokhozi kunye nengonyama yemvelaphi yasempuma.
UThixo ongumGrike uApollo wayesaziwa njengoThixo wamathanga okanye amakholoni, kodwa ubukhulu becala kwakuphakathi kweminyaka engama-750 ukuya kowama-720 BC. Ewe, ngokwezithethe zaseGrisi, uThixo uApollo wayenokunceda amaKrete okanye amaArcadians ukuba afumane isixeko saseTroy. Kodwa la mabali athambekele ekuboniseni impembelelo yenkcubeko echaseneyo noko sele kuthethiwe.
Kukho imibhalo evezwe eAsia Minor ebizwa ngokuba ngoonobumba abatsobhileyo abangamaHeti, ethetha ngoThixo ogama linguAppaliunas okanye uApalunas, enento yokwenza nesixeko saseWilusa, esikhankanywe sisizwe samaHeti. Namhlanje ifaniswa ngokufanayo nenkolo yamaGrike i-Ilion. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngabaphandi abaninzi. Ekubeni isihloko sikaLykegenes sitolikwa ukuba sifundeke nje ngokuba 'wazalelwa eLycia', kodwa oku kwenza ukuba uThixo uApollo angabi nalo naluphi na umanyano okanye iqhina kunye neengcuka.
Kumxholo woncwadi lwesiGrike, uThixo uApollo umele ucwangco, ingqiqo kunye nemvisiswano, eziziimpawu ezifanayo kakhulu nezo zikaDionysus ezithathwa njengoThixo wewayini, eyathi yona yayiyimbonakaliso yesiphithiphithi kunye nemincili. Ngokungafaniyo naba thixo, isichazi sabonakaliswa njengeApollonian kunye neDionysian.
Nangona kwakucingwa ukuba yinyani ukuba amaGrike anengcamango yokuba oothixo uApollo noDionysus babefana nabazalwana ngenxa yeempawu ababenazo kwaye bobabini bayancedisana, ekubeni uApollo waya eHyperborea ebusika, eshiya i-Oracle yaseDelphi kuThixo. UDionysus kunye nalo wenza inkohliso kumahluko ovela kwi-vase ye-Borghese.
Iintsomi kunye neentsomi zoThixo wamaGrike uApollo
Uthixo uApollo owayesaziwa nangegama uApollo (Phebo Apollo), engomnye woyena thixo ubalulekileyo kwiNtaba yeOlympus ekubeni wayengomnye wabali-12 ababehlala kuloo ndawo. Ekubeni engunyana kaZeus kunye nesithixokazi uLeto, wayenobugcisa obuninzi obunjengokuvumisa, ubugcisa bomculo kunye neqela lakhe leemyuzi ezilithoba kwaye ngaphezu kwawo onke amandla okusebenzisa isaphetha kunye notolo kwaye angaphosi apho ajolise khona.
WayekwanguThixo wokukhanya kwelanga, kwaye wayeneentolo ezazikwazi ukuvelisa ezona zifo zinzima, ngokuqinisekileyo wayenesiphiwo sokuphilisa. Wayesaziwa ngabaninzi njengalowo uhlasela kude nakufuphi ngaxeshanye.
Kuba kaloku indalo yakhe yayintlu-mbini, kuba wayekwangumkhuseli wabalusi kwaye elusa imfuyo yakhe kodwa wachazwa njengengcuka edla iinkomo. Phakathi kweentsomi zayo eziphambili zezi:
Inkolelo yeLyre: kunye nentsomi yangoku uHermes kuthiwa wazalelwa kwiNtaba yaseCylene eArcadia, intsomi ixelwa kwingoma yaseHomeric okanye iculo likaThixo uHermes. Njengoko kwaziwa, uHermes nguThixo weshishini, uhambo kunye namasela.
Unina ogama linguMaya ongoyena mdala kwiintombi zikaPleiad, emva kokuba ekhulelwe uThixo uZeus ekubeni wayenebudlelwane naye, emva kokuzala isidalwa wamgquma ngengubo ukuba alale, kodwa njengoko umntwana ekhula ngokukhawuleza. wabaleka wemka waya eTesalonika, apho weba iinkomo waza wazisa emqolombeni kufuphi nesixeko sasePylos.
Esemqolombeni wafumana ufudo awaluxhela ekhupha izibilini emva kokukhupha iqokobhe, waxhela iinkomo ukuze akhuphe amathumbu kwaye ngaloo mathumbu neqokobhe likafudo wenza isixhobo somculo awasibiza ngokuba. ULira. Kwangaxeshanye, uthixo wamaGrike uApollo wakhalaza kunina wothixo uHermes esithi inxalenye yenkomo yakhe ibiwe.
Kodwa uThixo uHermes wayesele ebuyele ezingubeni apho unina wayemsongile sele elele. Ngale ndlela unina wothixo akazange akholelwe nalinye ilizwi elathethwa nguthixo uApollo. Ngale ndlela uThixo omkhulu uZeyus wangenelela ethanda uThixo wamaGrike uApollo.
Ngaloo ndlela, uThixo uHermes sele enetyala ngenxa yoko wakwenzayo waza wafunyanwa, waqala ukudlala isixhobo somculo awayeyiqambile, ngale ndlela uThixo wesiGrike uApolo wamva waza wathandana nesixhobo somculo esigama linguLira, ngale ndlela Wanikela ngokutshintshisa ngeenkomo ezilahlekileyo ngeso sixhobo ukuze asidlale. Ngale ndlela waba ngumnini kunye nenkosi yeLira.
Imvelaphi yentsomi yeDelphic: kule ntsomi kaThixo wamaGrike uApollo uqala xa eneentsuku ezine ubudala, uthixokazi uHera wayecatshukiswa nguLeto ngoko wathumela inyoka ukuba itshutshise kwaye ibulale uLeto kunye nabantwana bakhe. UThixo uApollo wabulala i-chthonic dragon Python ehlala kwisixeko saseDelphi, ecaleni komthombo waseCastalia, ngokutsho kweentsomi zamaGrike le mveliso yakhupha imiphunga eyenza i-oracles yaseDelphi ichaze malunga neziprofeto kubacebisi.
UApollo esengumntwana wayesele ephethe ikrele, kodwa wacela uHephaestus ukuba amnike isaphetha ngeentolo, xa inyoka ye-python yabonakala ibulala unina, wakwazi ukunqumla inyoka kwindawo yeentolo kwindawo engcwele. emqolombeni waseDelphi. Emva kwedabi elingaka wakwazi ukuyibulala inyoka kodwa bamohlwaya kuba inyoka yayingunyana kaGea owayenguthixokazi womhlaba.
Emva kokubulala intuthu, uthixokazi wayenomsindo kakhulu kwaye wagqiba ekubeni athumele isigebenga esikhulu uTicio ukuba abulale uLeto, unina ka-Apollo no-Artemis, uThixo uApollo wenza into engenakwenzeka ukuba abulale isigebenga esikhulu de iwele lakhe uArtemis limncede ukuba amkhusele. ubomi bukamama.
Ebudeni bemfazwe enzima uThixo uZeyus waguquka egameni loonyana bakhe waza waphosa ingxilimbela enkulu uTicio eTartaro, yeyona ndawo inzulu yesihogo, apho wayebotshelelwe eliweni elalinomgama weehektare ezisithoba kunye namaxhalanga amaninzi adla isibindi sakhe. usuku nosuku
iiduels zomculo: kwimbali yeengoma zomculo uThixo wamaGrike wayeneentsomi ezininzi kodwa ezintathu zibalwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu eyokuqala yayinguPan demigod wabelusi owayenengqondo yokuthelekisa umculo awayewudlala nowawudlalwa nguThixo uApollo waza wagqiba. ukucela umngeni kuye kwiduel yomculo.
I-duel yayiquka i-demigod Pan eya kudlala umhla kwaye uThixo wamaGrike uApollo wadlala iLyre, yayiluvavanyo lwesakhono somculo uTmolo uThixo wentaba wakhethwa njengosompempe wokhuphiswano uPan wadlala awona manqaku agqwesileyo awayendim. wayesazi ukuba wayekholiswa gqitha koko wakwenzayo noyena mlandeli wakhe uthembekileyo, uKumkani uMidas.
Wandula ke uthixo uApollo waqalisa ukudlala iintambo zohadi lwakhe esenza iingoma ezimnandi ezazithi wonke umntu owayelapho wayeyithanda le nto yayidlalwa nguthixo uApollo. Usompempe wolu khuphiswano wanika uthixo uApollo njengophumeleleyo ekubeni abaninzi bavumelana nesigqibo esincinane, uKumkani uMidas owathi akazange avume waza wasikhaba isigwebo sokugqibela, ngale ndlela uThixo uApolo wamkhulisa iindlebe njengeedonki ukuze akwazi ukumamela kakuhle. kumculo olungileyo.
Kwenye iduel yomculo wayenxamnye noMarsyas, wayelichule nencutshe enkulu edlala i-aulos, ifluti enemibhobho emibini awayeyifumene endleleni wayidlala ngendlela entle kakhulu, esi sixhobo sawela kuthixokazi. U-Athena oko wayeyilungisile kwaye yenza ukuba izidlele zakhe zibe pink.
Ngeli xesha ababeza kuba ngabagwebi bokhuphiswano lomculo yayiyiminyuziyamu esithoba yamaGrike, yomibini idlalwa ngendlela ekhethekileyo, ukuba iimyuziyam zazimisele iqhina, apho uThixo ongumGrike uApollo wawisa umthetho wokuba badlale kwaye bacule. ngexesha elifanayo , UThixo uApollo wayenza ngendlela ekhangayo kakhulu, kodwa uMarsyas wayengenakuyenza oko wayedlala okanye wayicula ngenxa yokuba isixhobo somoya.
Ekugqibeleni uThixo uApollo wamoyisa waza wambhengeza ukuba uphumelele ukhuphiswano kwaye ngokucela umngeni kuThixo, wamthabatha wamsa emqolombeni kufuphi neCalaenae eFrigiya ngenxa ye-hubris yakhe (ikratshi eligqithisileyo) kwaye kuloo ndawo wamhluba ephila kunye nempahla yakhe. igazi yaba ngumlambo iMarsyas.
Kukho enye inguqulelo yale duel yomculo apho bobabini badlala isixhobo ngasemva, kodwa uMarsyas akazange akwazi ukwenza oko, ngoko ke waphulukana nedabi lomculo kwaye uthixo uApollo wamxhoma emthini waza wamkhupha ulusu ephila ngenxa yokudelela uThixo.
Kwaye kwisithathu seengoma zomculo awayenazo uThixo uApollo wayekukhuphiswano lukaLira ngokuchasene nonyana wakhe owathi, ezibona ephulukene noyise, uThixo uApollo wakhetha ukuzibulala.
Imfazwe yeTrojan: Kwimbali yeMfazwe yeTrojan, uThixo uZeus waxelela bonke abantwana bakhe ukuba bangathathi nxaxheba kwiMfazwe yeTrojan, kodwa ekugqibeleni bonke bagqiba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe ethethiweyo kodwa bencedisa amacala ahlukeneyo, ekubeni uThixo uApollo kunye nothixokazi. UAphrodite waqinisekisa ukuba uThixo uAres, i-Olympian yemfazwe, ukuba abe kwicala leTrojan, ekubeni oonyana ababini bothixo uApollo, uHector noTroilus, babesilwa apho.
Kwinoveli ebhalwe ngumbongi uHomer i-Iliad, uThixo ongumGrike uApollo waphazamisana phambi kokunyeliswa kuka-Agamemnon, elinye lamagorha entsomi yamaGrike, ngokuchasene noChryses, umntakwabo Briseo kunye nomnye wababingeleli ogama lakhe lathinjwa intombi. UChryses wayefuna umngeni ngokwakhe kude nama-Achaeans ukuba acele uThixo uApollo ukuba ambuyisele intombi yakhe.
UThixo uApollo wamkela umnxeba wakhe waza wagcwalisa inkampu ye-Achaean ngeentolo ezosulelwe zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukuba acele ukukhululwa kwentombi yeCrises ebizwa ngokuthi iCriseida, apho ama-Achaeans aphelile ambuyisela kwaye axhokonxa amandla eqhawe le-Achilles, ngale ndlela. UThixo uApollo wanceda inkosana uParis, ukuba abulale iqhawe uAchilles ngokukhokelela utolo olusuka kwisaphetha ukuya kwisithende sika-Achilles, ukuziphindezela ngokubulala uHector noTroilus unyana kaThixo uApollo.
Impembelelo kaThixo uApolo eGrisi
Inkolo eyenziwe kuThixo wamaGrike uApollo, kwimizobo yaseGrisi ibanzi kakhulu kuba ubizwa ngokuba ngumxhasi wezobugcisa kwaye unqulwa kunye neemyuziyam ezilithoba zamaGrike, apho uThixo uApollo wenza ikwayala kwaye yayibaluleke kakhulu. kwiGrisi yaMandulo. Ukongeza, amagcisa amaninzi amtyala inkqubela ayenzileyo kumasebe obugcisa ngoku akwizifundo zethiyetha, umculo, umdaniso, imibongo nokupeyinta.
Kwiintsomi zamaGrike, umculo wawugqalwa ubaluleke kakhulu kubomi bamaGrike, ngenxa yolu phawu bahombisa iimbiza zodongwe ngemizobo kunye nemiboniso nabantu abadlala izixhobo zomculo, ezi ngcamango zomculo ziphuhliswa ngenkulungwane yesixhenxe ngaphambi kukaKristu. Ngubani oqala ezi zifundo nguPythagoras ofunda amanqaku omculo asixhenxe, ukongeza kwizikali zomculo kunye neengqikelelo zesihlanu esigqibeleleyo kunye nee-octaves.
Ii-Trilogies I, IV, V, ezaziziziseko ezisetyenziswayo ngoku kumculo, nazo zafundwa. Kwiholo yeqonga, idrama, i-comedy kunye nentlekele yasekwa njengeentlobo, yiyo loo nto iithiyetha ezininzi zakhiwa kuso sonke isixeko saseHellas.
Kwizobugcisa, uThixo waseGrike uApollo wayemelwe njengomfana osemtsha, ngaphandle kwendevu kwaye ehle kakhulu, ehlala ephethe i-zither kunye nesaphetha esandleni sakhe, wayepeyintwe kumthi ohleliyo (njengoko bepeyintwe njengo-Apollo Lycio no-Apollo). Sauróctono).
Kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo waseBelvedere uApollo wenziwe ngebhastile, kodwa waphinda wafunyanwa ngenkulungwane ye-350, kwaye kwiRenaissance de kwayinkulungwane ye-325 iye yashwankathela iimbono zamandulo zakudala kwilizwekazi laseYurophu kwaye yayiyikopi yamaGrike okanye yamaRoma yoqobo. eyenziwe ngumkroli wemvelaphi yamaGrike ebizwa ngokuba nguLeochares owayenza ngobhedu phakathi ko XNUMX kunye no XNUMX BC.
Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesibini emva kukaKristu kumhlaba waseRoma, i-Djem ebizwa ngokuba yiRoma yaseTisdro ihlala ichaza uThixo ongumGrike uApollo njengoApollo Helios ngenxa yesithsaba sakhe esikhazimlayo, kodwa uyaziwa nangobunqunu bakhe obufihla phantsi kwengubo yakhe. olu luphawu lwezivumelwano ezinkulu ezenziwa ebukhosini. Omnye umzobo okhoyo weGrike uThixo uApollo onehalo yileyo yehadrumeto kwaye oku kufumaneka kwimyuziyam yaseSousse eTunisia.
Lo mfanekiso kaThixo uApollo umelwe ngentloko ethambileyo, umlomo ovulekileyo kancinane kunye namehlo amakhulu kunye ne-anatole-style haircut kunye ne-curls ewela phantsi entanyeni, lo msebenzi wenziwa ngenkulungwane yesithathu ngaphambi kokuba uKristu enze umboniso ka-Alexander. Kakhulu.
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba ukubonakaliswa kukaKristu kunye nabanye abangcwele benkolo yobuKristu kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo ngelo xesha, kodwa imiboniso eyenziwe nguThixo wamaGrike uApollo yahlulwa yinto yokuba ihalos yokukhanya okanye enkulu yelanga. ukukhanya, kunye ne-mosaic eyafunyanwa eCartago.
Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-650 ngaphambi kukaKristu okanye malunga nonyaka wama-XNUMX, kwisixeko saseKrete saseDros, kwafunyanwa umfanekiso oqingqiweyo oqingqiweyo kaThixo uApollo, wenziwa ngendlela yokuqhelanisa, apho ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bubonisa ukuba ubukho bomfanekiso oqingqiweyo. i-sphyrelaton, esekelwe kwi-hammering sheets yobhedu kwimithi enika imilo, i-statuette inobude obungama-80 cm kwaye ichazwe kakuhle kakhulu, iphawula i-pectorals eqinile.
Okwangoku ingabonwa kwi-Archaeological Museum yaseHeraklion. Kukho nezinye imiboniso efana kakhulu nalo mfanekiso uqingqiweyo owenziwe ngamashiti obhedu kwimyuziyam yaseLouvre ebizwa ngokuba yiApollo yasePiombino kunye neGolden Apollo yaseLillebonne.
UThixo uApollo kwiRenaissance kwaye kamva ubugcisa
Amagcisa amaninzi enza imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ekuzukiseni uThixo wesiGrike uApollo kwaye uthe saa kulo lonke ihlabathi, le mifanekiso eqingqiweyo yamandulo iphathwa njengeyanamhlanje, ukongeza imizobo yamandulo yafunyanwa ngaphakathi kwezindlu ezininzi kwisixeko sasePompeii eRoma yamandulo. zenziwa ngexesha loHlaziyo lwamaRoma, kodwa bapeyinta uThixo uApollo nangona kwakukho umgaqo wokuba ngamanene kuphela anokumelwa kunye nookumkani namagosa aphezulu karhulumente.
Kwimyuziyam yaseLouvre, kukho iGalari kaThixo uApollo, kukho umsebenzi owenziwe ngumzobi kunye nomhombisi uCharles Le Brun owayeyimvelaphi yesiFrentshi, ukuyigqibezela umzobi ongumFrentshi kunye nomdwebi wezithombe ogama linguDelacroix owawugqiba kwiRoma yesibini. ubukhosi.
Kwinqaba yaseVersailles iholo lika-Apollo, elisetyenziselwa ukwamkela oonozakuzaku kunye nomculo kunye nemiboniso yomdaniso inikezelwa. Kwimiyezo yenqaba efanayo kukho ukubonakaliswa koThixo weSolar.
Ichibi likaThixo uApollo limi kumjelo omkhulu, embindini waloo mjelo mkhulu kukho umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaThixo uApollo, owenziwe ngumkroli ongumFrentshi wemvelaphi yaseTaliyane ogama linguJean-Baptiste Tuby. Apho uThixo uApollo uphuma emanzini eqhuba inqwelo enkulu etsalwa ngamahashe.
Kwihlathi leebhafu lika-Apollo, umsebenzi wenkulungwane ye-1671, uthixo welanga umelwe, kwisimo sengqondo sokudinwa kwaye ejikelezwe ngamanymphs, kwaye ekugqibeleni kukho uApollo noAurora nguGerard de Lairesse, ngo-XNUMX; IkwiMyuziyam yeMetropolitan yoBugcisa, eNew York.
IMiuses kaThixo wamaGrike uApollo
Kwibali likaThixo lamaGrike uApollo, ukusuka kwintsomi yamaGrike kuthiwa ezi myuses ngoothixo abaphefumlelweyo bezobugcisa, kwaye ngamnye kwaba bafazi abasithoba abahle banxulumene namasebe obugcisa nolwazi, ngokuba ziintombi zikaThixo omkhulu uZeyus, Babengamaqabane eqela lomculo okanye ikwayala yoThixo wamaGrike uApollo owayenobuthixo bokuba nguThixo womculo nomxhasi wezobugcisa.
Nangona uThixo uApollo wayenothando kunye nenye yeemyuziyam ezilithoba zamaGrike, eshiya abantwana, banokuhla baye emhlabeni kwaye baphefumlele iingcamango zobugcisa kunye nolwazi kubantu abafayo ababizileyo, oku kwenzeka ngokutsho kwabaphandi phakathi kwe-XNUMXth kunye ne-XNUMXth inkulungwane Ngaphambi koKristu. oku kwakuxhaphakile kummandla waseHellas, apho kwakunqulwa khona iimyuziyam zamaGrike ezisithoba.
Ezi myuzi zisithoba zamaGrike zazibizwa ngokuba yiCalliope, Clio, Erato, Euterpe, Melpomene, Polyhymnia, Thalia, Terpsichore, kunye neUrania. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba igama lomculo livela kwigama elithi muse kwaye aba bafazi bahle babeyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lobugcisa beGrisi yaMandulo.
Ezothando ezazinoThixo uApolo
Kumabali abaliswayo malunga neendibano zothando zoThixo wamaGrike uApollo, imithombo yakudala igqamile, iiPausanias, ezo zikaApollonius waseRhodes, uPindar noPliny umdala kunye noApollo ngaphandle kwendevu, apho kuthiwa wayengenakubalwa. Imicimbi yothando kwaye ubuncinci iidijithi ezintathu zabathandi zibalwa.
Athe ngabo waba nabantwana abalikhulu, ebalaseliswa phakathi kwabo uOrpheus, igorha lamaGrike, kukho noAsclepius, uthixo weyeza nokuphilisa, yaye abanye baye bathiya amagama kwizixeko okanye ookumkani abathile. Iironce eziphambili uThixo wamaGrike uApollo abe nazo zezi zilandelayo:
I-Acanta: Yayiluthando olukhulu kuThixo wamaGrike uApollo kodwa emva kokufa kwakhe, uthixo uApollo wagqiba ekubeni amguqule abe sisityana esithanda ilanga.
I-Calypso: Kwiintsomi zamaGrike, wayeyintombi yeTitan Atlas, wathandana noThixo ongumGrike uApollo, wayenomdla omkhulu naye, kodwa ngaphandle kokushiya nayiphi na inzala, emva kweTitanomachy, iTitans yoyiswa ngoothixo baseOlympus. , zonke iiTitans zahlwaywa kwaye iCalypso yathunyelwa kwisiqithi esibizwa ngokuba yi-Ogygia, ngokutsho kwembongi uHomer, lo mfazi omhle wathandana no-Odysseus, kodwa wabuya kunye noPenelope wakhe othandekayo, ngelixa uCalliope wasala ukuba afe ngenxa yentlungu. ngokuba wedwa.
Cassandra: Uthixo ongumGrike uApollo wathandana nalo mfazi mhle, intombi kaHecuba kunye noKumkani uPriam, naye wayengumlandeli kaTroilus. UThixo uApollo wamnika isipho sokuvumisa kunye nesiprofeto, nje ukumkhohlisa, kodwa waqonda iinjongo zikaThixo uApollo, unquma ukumgatya.
Ngenxa yoko uThixo wacaphuka kakhulu, waza endaweni yokuba asithabathe isipho awayemnike sona, wagqiba kwelokuba kungabikho bani uya kukholwa kuye, into awayeza kuyithetha ngokombono wakhe, ngoko wakuxela kwangaphambili ukuwa kukaTroy ngenxa yokholo lwakhe. yomntakwabo iPrince Paris kodwa akukho mntu wahoyayo uqikelelo lwakhe.
Castalia: ngokweentsomi zamaGrike wayeyintombi yothixo womlambo, uThixo wamaGrike uApollo uthandana kakhulu neli nenekazi elihle, kodwa uCastalia wagqiba ekubeni abaleke uthixo uApollo, ebaleka uthixo wagqiba ekubeni atsibe kumthombo ophumayo. ukusuka kwinqaba yaseDelphi, ngelo xesha eyayibizwa ngokuba ngumthombo weCastalia.
La manzi ayesetyenziselwa ukucoca itempile enkulu kwaye ababingeleli babewasela ukuze banike iziprofeto kwabo bafunayo kwaye ayesetyenziselwa ukuvuselela amagcisa kunye neembongi. Eli nenekazi emva kokuntywila likwazi ukukhuthaza iimbongi ukuba zenze owona mbongo umnandi.
eSirene: Wayeyintombi yeNymph yaseTesalonika kunye noKumkani uHypseus, lo mfazi mhle akazange afune ukuphila ubomi bomsebenzi, ngoko wagqiba ekubeni aphile ubomi basendle, xa wadibana noThixo uApollo, wamthanda, ngenxa yoko. wamitha, wazala unyana, ogama linguAristayo.
Lo nyana wayenaye noApollo waba nguThixo, kwaye wayengumxhasi weenkomo, imithi yeziqhamo, ukuzingela, ezolimo kunye nokufuya iinyosi. Lo nyana waseKirene wayeligorha elikhulu elafundisa amaGrike ubuchule bokulima ubisi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemigibe ekuzingeleni, kunye neyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulima imithi yomnquma.
Coronis: Kwisithethe samaGrike, lo mfazi mhle wesixeko saseLarissa waziwa njengomnye wabathandi bothixo wamaGrike uApollo, kunye nomama kathixo uAsclepius. Emva kokubeleka, lo mfazi uthandana noIsquios, unyana kaElato. Ihlungulu laya apho uThixo uApollo wayekhona laza lamxelela ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngoCoronis kunye nohambo lwakhe.
Nangona uthixo uApollo wayengafuni ukukholelwa ihlungulu, waliqabela mnyama kuba ngaphambi kokuba libe mhlophe, uthixo uApollo wayekwenza oko ukuze asasaze ubuxoki. Kodwa ekugqibeleni inyani yafunyaniswa ukuba wayeneziganeko kwaye uThixo uApollo wagqiba ekubeni athumele iwele lakhe ukuba libulale uCoronis.
Kukho enye inguqu yale ntsomi apho uThixo ofanayo uApollo enquma ukubulala uCoronis, ngenxa yoko wagqiba ekubeni axolele amahlungulu kwaye amnike igama lokuvakalisa ukufa okubalulekileyo, emva koko unquma ukuhlangula umntwana kwi-pyre yomngcwabo kaCoronis. kwaye Wayinika ekunyamekelweni kwe-centaur Chiron, ukuyiphakamisa kunye nokufundisa ngeyona ndlela ingcono.
Uyise kaCoronis ogama linguFlegias akuva ngokufa kwentombi yakhe wazaliswa ngumsindo kangangokuba wagqiba kwelokuba aye kutshisa i-oracle yaseDelphi. Ngoko uthixo uApollo waqukumbela ngokuthabatha ubomi bakhe.
Creusa: ekubeni yintombi ka-Erechtheus kunye nokumkani wokuqala waseAthene, ungomnye wabaguquleli abaphambili kwintlekele ye-Euripides Ion, lo mfazi wayengumfazi kaJuto, kodwa uThixo uApollo uzala u-Ion kunye noCreusa.
Emva kokumzala, umshiya ehlathini, kodwa uThixo uApollo uya kukhangela umntwana olahliweyo aze acele uThixo uHermes ukuba amsindise xa efika, emva kokumbuyisela, uya kumthatha kwi-Oracle yaseDelphi ukuba abe. unyanyekelwa waza wafundiswa ngumfundisikazi.
Daphne: Elinye lawona mabali asasazeke kakhulu kwiintsomi zamaGrike malunga nokuthanda kukaThixo wesiGrike uApollo, ibali liqala xa uThixo uApollo wenza iziqhulo malunga nenjongo kaThixo uEros ngesaphetha notolo, wamcaphukisa uThixo Ero kunye noApollo, ugqiba ekubeni umenze intlekisa ukuze adubule utolo lwegolide kuthixo uApollo, ukuze athandane noDaphne aze adubule uDaphne ngotolo olukhokelayo ukuze ale ukuthanda uthixo uApollo.
Emva kokwenza isigaba sokuqala esisebenzayo, uThixo uApollo wayemfuna uDaphne ngothando kodwa akazange afune kwaye wala, nto leyo wagqiba ekubeni abaleke ukubaleka kuThixo uApollo, ekubeni wabangela indelelo yakhe kuphela, ngale ndlela yena. wabuza uDaphne utata wakhe uMlambo uThixo uLadon oza kumguqula abe ngumthi womlowureli. Ekubeni uThixo uApollo wayengenakukwazi ukwenza nantoni na ngaphandle kokumbona ukuba uya kuguqula njani umthi, wenza umthi ube ngcwele kakhulu kwaye amaqabunga awo aya kwenziwa izithsaba zabaphumeleleyo kwimidlalo.
Hecuba: Wayengumfazi kaKumkani uPriam waseTroy, kunye naye waba nobudlelwane kwaye wamkhulelwa kwaye wazala unyana ogama linguTroilus, omnye wabaprofetikazi be-oracle yaseDelphi weza kuprofeta ukuba isixeko saseTroy asiyi kutshatyalaliswa de U-Troilus wazalisekisa iminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala, kwaye xa wayeseloo minyaka wayeya kubulawa ezandleni zeqhawe uAchilles.
Iingoma ezilithoba zamaGrike: iintombi ezisithoba zikaThixo uZeyus owaphefumlela ubugcisa kubantu abafayo ababeyiCalliope, Clio, Erato, Euterpe, Melpomene, Polymnia, Thalia, Terpsichore kunye neUrania. Ngabo bonke aba bafazi bahle wayenomdla omkhulu, kunye neCalliope i-museum yeGrike yemibongo wayenabantwana ababini kunye naye, u-Orpheus ogama lingu-Orpheus kwiintsomi zamaGrike kunye noLalemo.
Ekunye noErato, owayeyimibongo nezothando, waphinda wazala omnye unyana ogama linguTamiris.Ibali liye labaliswa ngonyana kaThixo uApollo ogama linguLino, kodwa abaphengululi bentsomi abavumi ukuba ungunyana womzi waseGrisi. Terpsichore okanye imyuziyam Urania. Inyaniso kukuba abaninzi abapeyinti kunye namagcisa amakhulu apeyintile uThixo ongumGrike uApollo ngeemyuziyam ezilithoba zamaGrike.
I-Leucotote: Wayeyinkosazana efileyo eyayiyintombi kaKumkani u-Orcamus kunye no-Eurynome. Walukuhlwa nguThixo wesiGrike uApollo, ngenxa yokuba wayeziguqule njengonina, ukuze angene egumbini lakhe, eqonda lo mthandi kaThixo uApollo ogama linguClitia waya kuKumkani uOrcamus, ukuba amxelele yonke into awayeyenza. .
UKumkani uOrcamus, ekwazi oko kwenzekayo, wathatha isigqibo sokuyingcwaba iphila intombi yakhe, wathi uThixo uApolo wakufumanisa, waya kuyikhangela kodwa wayesele eswelekile wagqiba ngokuyiguqula ibe sisiqhumiso. Kodwa naye wamshiya uClitia ekubeni wayemdelela ngenxa yoko wakwenzayo, ngoko wachitha ubomi bakhe bonke de oothixo bamguqule waba yintyatyambo kajongilanga.
marpessa: Wayengomnye wabazukulwana baka-Ares, intombi ka-Eveno uKumkani wase-Aetolian, ngelixa loo mfazi mhle wayethandana noThixo waseGrike uApollo, wathinjwa ngu-Idas, owamfaka kwinqwelo yamahashe waza wamthabatha, U-Eveno wenza okufanayo Wangena kwinqwelo yamahashe ukugxotha i-Idas, kodwa akazange akwazi ukufikelela kuye, ngoko wagqiba ekubeni axhele amahashe waza watsibela kwi-current yomlambo kwaye ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Even.
U-Idas wafika noMarpesa kwisixeko saseMessenia, kodwa kweso sixeko wadibana noThixo ongumGrike uApollo, owakwazi ukuhlutha uMarpesa kuye, ngelixa aba babini babephikisana ngomfazi omhle, uThixo uZeus wangena waza wabahlula bobabini ukulwa waza wacela uMarpesa ukuba akhethe enye yezi zibini, kwaye wakhetha u-Idas esoyika ukuba xa ekhulile uThixo uApollo uya kumshiya ukuba abe mncinci.
I-WHO: Ukuba yintombi kaDaedalion, ngokutsho kwentsomi yamaGrike eli nenekazi lalihle kangangokuba xa oothixo uHermes noApollo bambona babemfuna kakhulu kwaye bagqiba ekubeni balinde kude kube sebusuku, kodwa uHermes wayengenamonde kangangokuba wamlalisa ngaphambi kokuba kumnyama ukuba abe nomonde. wakhe, kwaye uThixo uApollo ebusuku waziguqula njengexhegokazi ukuze amfumane.
Oku kwaphumela ekubeni ibe ngumama wabantwana ababini, eyokuqala yayibizwa ngokuba nguAutolycus yaye eyesibini yayinguFilamon, lo mfazi uselula nomhle wayenobuganga bokudelela iwele lika-Apollo Artemis ekuphindezeleni ngesenzo esinjalo. UArtemis wamgqobhoza ulwimi lotolo ndaza ndambulala. Okubuhlungu ngento eyenzekayo uDaedalion ugqiba ekubeni aqalise ukusuka kwiNtaba yaseParnassus, kodwa uThixo ongumGrike uApollo uyamguqula abe ngukhetshe ukuze angafi xa ebetha emhlabeni.
Isishwankathelo: Wayeyintombi kathixo uAres, kodwa uthixokazi uAphrodite noEros baxhokonxa uthixo wamaGrike uApollo ukuba amqweqwedise, emva koko waba neentlobano zesini naye waza wakhulelwa waza waba nomntwana waseSiriya oya kuba ngukumkani wendawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiSiriya. .
Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba ebomini boThixo wesiGrike uApollo wayenabathandi abaninzi, kodwa inyaniso enomdla kukuba naye wayenabo abathandana namadoda ebomini bakhe, njengoko siza kuchaza ngezantsi.
Ihyacinth: ekubeni wayekwimyuziyam yamaGrike uClio kunye noPierus, wayenesikhundla sokuba yinkosana kunye nomfana omhle, wayephantsi kononophelo kunye noqeqesho lukaThixo uApollo owamfundisa iimbaleki kunye nobugcisa, ngelixa bobabini babeziqhelanisa ne-discus. .
UThixo uApollo wajula idisk eyaphambukiswa nguCephiro, omnye woothixo bomoya, owayiphambukisa waza wabetha intloko kaJacinto ngamandla kangangokuba wambulala kwangoko. emoyeni ukuze kungabikho bani uthetha okanye umchukumise.
Ukususela kwigazi elaphalazwa nguHyacinth othandekayo, uThixo uApollo wabangela ukuba kuzalwe intyatyambo eyayisisipho kuye, iinyembezi zikaThixo uApollo zangcolisa amagqabi entyatyambo ngamanqaku eentyatyambo. oh oh, oku kuthetha intlungu engunaphakade uApollo avakalelwa ngayo kwaye iguqulelwe ithetha "ay ay". Oku kuthetha isililo sanaphakade, iJacinto inoMnyhadala omkhulu kwaye ngumbhiyozo wesintu eSparta.
Cyparius: Ekubeni isalamane demigod uHeracles, uThixo wamaGrike Apollo wamnika ixhama entle ukuba mbuna ukuba abe liqabane lakhe, kodwa uCipariso ngempazamo wambulala ngepilum eyayiluhlobo lwekrele elincinci, xa isilwanyana silele etyholweni.
UCipariso waba buhlungu gqitha koko wakwenzayo, kangangokuba waxelela uThixo wamaGrike uApollo ukuba aziphalaze iinyembezi zakhe ngonaphakade, nto leyo eyathi lo thixo wamguqula waba ngumthi womsipres omela usizi ekubeni incindi yawo ibunjwa ngamathontsi eenyembezi esiqwini.
Izichazi kunye nezihloko ezinikwe uThixo uApolo
Kwiinkonzo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezazisenziwa kuThixo wamaGrike uApollo, izichazi ezininzi zazisetyenziswa kuye ngenxa yobuninzi boothixo awayenabo, kwaneziphiwo neendima ezazimchaza uThixo. Kodwa kwiintsomi zamaGrike kukho inani elikhulu leemfaneleko ezingabonakali kwiincwadi zesiLatini kwaye kweli nqaku siya kukubiza ngegama.
- UThixo wokukhanya kunye neLanga
- Thixo womculo
- UThixo wamayeza nokuphilisa
- UThixo wezibetho nomkhuseli kwiimpuku neenkumbi
- uthixo wokutola
- uthixo ongumfundisi wemfuyo
- Thixo wabahlali
- uthixo wezihlabo
- uthixo wesiprofeto
- Intloko yeemyuziyam kunye neenymphs
Ezinye iintsomi zokubaluleka okukhulu
Njengoko ebengomnye wezona zithixo zibalulekileyo kwiintsomi zamaGrike, uThixo wamaGrike uApollo uneentsomi ezininzi ngaye ekufuneka zibalwe, phakathi kwezona ziphambili zilandelayo:
Ndiyavuma: Kwibali elikhoyo kwiintsomi zamaGrike apho uThixo uZeyus wabulala unyana kaThixo wamaGrike uApollo ngendudumo ukuze asindise uHippolytus owayengunyana kaTheseus ngeAmazon, uthixo uZeyus waphula imithetho kaThemis owayemele ubulungisa ngokususa ubulungisa. abalawulwa nguThixo wehadesi omela ihlabathi labafileyo.
Ebona unyana wakhe ofileyo, uApollo wafuna impindezelo waza waya kubulala iiCyclops ezazingabadali bendudumo kaZeus owabulala uAsclepius unyana ka-Apollo. Ngokutsho kwemithetho, uThixo ongumGrike uApollo kwafuneka agxothelwe eTartaro aze ahlale apho ngonaphakade.
Kodwa wagwetyelwa ukusebenza nzima unyaka njengesohlwayo ngento awayenzayo, ebulela unina ekwazile ukumthethelela. Ngaloo nyaka kwafuneka asebenzele uKumkani u-Admetus wasePheras eThessaly. Ngelo xesha, uKumkani u-Admetus wamphatha kakuhle uThixo wesiGrike uApollo waza wamnika izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kwazo.
Wanceda ukuba anqobe intombi kaKumkani uPelias ogama linguAlcestis, emva kokuba uThixo uApollo wakwazi ukukholisa uMoiras, ababengabantu bexesha elizayo, ukuvumela uKumkani uAdmetus ukuba aphile ixesha elide lobomi,
Kodwa lathi lakufika ixesha lokuba ahambe aye kwelinye ilizwe lokufa, uKumkani u-Admetus wacinga ukuba abazali bakhe bafuna ukwenza oko kuqala baza basikhaba eso sicelo sokufela yena. Endaweni yoko umfazi wakhe u-Alcestis uyenzile kwaye emva koko uHeracles wangenelela okwaziyo ukukholisa uThixo wokufa uThanatos ukuba ambuyisele kwihlabathi labaphilayo.
Niobe: Ungumfazi ka-Amphion owayengunyana kaZeyus, naye wayengomnye wookumkanikazi baseThebes, wayezenzele udumo olukhulu lokuwongamela ngokuba nabantwana abalishumi elinesine, ababebizwa ngokuba ngamaNiobides, babengamadoda asixhenxe kunye nesixhenxe. abafazi, ngelixa uLeto wayenoThixo uApollo kuphela kunye nodade wabo uArtemis.
Ibali elibaliswayo lelokuba ngoxa la madoda asixhenxe ayeqhelisela iimbaleki noThixo uApollo, wawabulala ngamnye ngamnye waza akazihoya izicelo zawo. Kwaye uthixokazi uArtemis wenza okufanayo kwiintombi ezisixhenxe zikaNiyobhi. Indlela ababedla ngokubabulala ngayo aba bazalwana yayiziintolo ezinetyhefu.
Kodwa kwezinye iinguqulelo zentsomi kukuba abanye abantwana bakaNiobe baxolelwa. Emva koko, uyise u-Amphion, ebona abantwana bakhe bebulawa, wathatha ubomi bakhe, kodwa kukho enye intsomi apho uThixo uApollo wambulala emva kokufungela impindezelo yabantwana bakhe abafileyo.
Ngokuphathelele uNiobe, waziva edandatheke gqitha xa wabona ukuba abantwana bakhe abalishumi elinesine nomyeni wakhe bafile kangangokuba wagqiba kwelokuba aye kwiNtaba iSipylus ekwiAsia Minor yaye ngoxa wayekhalela ilahleko eyabakho, wajika waba lilitye, iinyembezi zakhe zaphalala. umlambo iAcheloos. Wabajika bonke abemi baseTebheshe baba ngamatye, ngenxa yoko kungangcwatywa mntu kwada kwayimini yesithoba yokufa kwakhe, ekubeni izithixo zamngcwabayo.
Kwenye intsomi malunga noThixo ongumGrike uApollo, kukuba wanika u-Orestes nge-oracle yaseDelphi ukuba abulale unina owayenguClytemnestra kunye nomthandi wakhe ogama linguAegisthus, u-Oreste wohlwaywa ixesha elide ngu-Erinyes umfazi. owamisela ubulungisa.
Nangona wacela ukuba kuthintelwe uthixokazi uAthena owacela ukuba avavanywe ligqwetha elichanileyo noThixo wamaGrike uApollo njengomkhuseli wakhe. Kwi-Odyssey ebhalwe ngumbongi uHomer, i-protagonist u-Odysseus kunye neqela lakhe lonke eliye lakwazi ukusinda ngenxa yokuba bafika kwisiqithi esasisikelelwe nguThixo uApollo.
Kweso siqithi apho bafika khona kwakukho iinkomo ezininzi, kwaye u-Odysseus wamlumkisa ukuba angachukumisi naziphi na ezo zilwanyana ngenxa yokuba zingcwele kwaye zivela kuThixo weLanga, kodwa abasebenzi abazange banikele ngqalelo, njengoko uTiresia noCirce babeza kuprofeta. oosiyazi, oosiyazi, ukuxela okuya kubakho
La madoda abulala inxalenye yeenkomo aze adle, ngoko uThixo uApollo wacaphuka kangangokuba wathetha noThixo uZeus kwaye wayitshabalalisa inqanawa waza wabulala bonke abo badla iinkomo ezingcwele, eshiya u-Odysseus kuphela.
Ukubaluleka kukaThixo uApollo kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona
Kwintsomi yaseGrisi, kwakuqhutywa imidlalo yePythian, eyayiyimidlalo yeembaleki efana kakhulu nemidlalo yeOlimpiki ebhiyozelwa namhlanje yaye le yayisenzelwa ukuzukisa uThixo wamaGrike uApollo. Yiyo loo nto iimbaleki bezinomzimba omile kakuhle ngenxa yemithambo eyahlukeneyo abayenzayo.
Kwakhona kuthiwa uThixo ongumGrike uApollo uza kuba ngummeli wolungelelwano kwaye kulo Thixo umyalezo othi “Zazi wena" ekubeni esi sigidimi sabhalwa kwincwadi yaseDelphi yaye ekuhambeni kwexesha sasetyenziswa sisithandi sobulumko uSocrates.
IkwanguThixo onokumela uthando kunye nentiyo ngaxeshanye imelwe kwintsomi kaThixo uApollo noDaphne xa emthanda kwaye uDaphne uyamala nje kuba wayechukumisekile ngotolo olukhokelayo agqibe ngalo. ukuba ngumthi we-laurel.
Kuyafuneka ukuba kugxininiswe ukuba uThixo ongumGrike uApollo uyaphikisana kuba eqonda kakhulu kwaye uyathanda ukunceda abantu abafayo kodwa uyacaphuka aze abe ngumntu onempindezelo kwaye oku kusivumela ukuba sikhumbule ukuba ufana kakhulu naye nawuphi na umntu. emhlabeni.Iplanethi enguMhlaba.
Ukuba ulifumene eli nqaku malunga noThixo wesiGrike uApolo libalulekile, siyakumema ukuba undwendwele ezi linki zilandelayo: