Kule nqaku Ulwimi lwaseAndalusi umfundi uya kuyazi into enxulumene nentetho ye-Andalusian, kunye neempawu zayo kunye ne-modality, eyenza ukuba kwenzeke kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo ezithathwe ngolwimi lwesiSpanish e-Andalusia.
Yintoni ulwimi lwesiAndalusi?
I-Andalusian dialect sisitayile segrama yeSpanish esenziwa ngakumbi eAndalusia, eCeuta naseMelilla, nakweminye imimandla yephondo laseBadajoz, kunye nabantu abavela eAndalusia, baze bafudukele kwezinye izixeko okanye imimandla yeli phondo. .iplanethi.
Ngokukwanjalo, le ndlela yokuthetha isetyenziswa eGibraltar, ingusingasiqithi omncinane kumazantsi oSingasiqithi weIberia, omda weSpeyin.
Ulwimi lwesi-Andalusi luhlobo lweelwimi lweSpanish. Ekusetyenzisweni kolu lwimi, iziganeko ezithile ziveliswa kuzo zonke iinkalo zegrama, ezizezi: ifonological, morphological, lexical kunye ne-syntactic, ezikhethekileyo kolu luhlu.
Ulwimi lwe-Andalusian luphakathi kweentlobo ezininzi ezijikeleze igrama yesiCastilian. Kwinkqubo yolu lwimi, ezinye iziganeko zegrama zenziwa ezenza ulwimi lwase-Andalusi luhluke, kubandakanywa: i-phonological, morphological, lexical kunye ne-syntactic, eyenza le yantlukwano ibe yodwa.
Iziganeko ze-Andalusian dialect
Ezona ziganeko zibalaseleyo ezinokufunyanwa kule ndlela yaseAndalusian zezi:
- imilebe
- imilebe
- Ukususwa kwee-medial kunye nezokugqibela "s"
- Ukupheliswa kwe "d" kwiziphelo "ado" - "ido"
- IYeismo
- I-Andalusia ye "e"
Siza kukwazisa kweli nqaku, ngendlela eshwankathelweyo, apho i-phenomena isekelwe khona:
imilebe
Imalunga nokucacisa unobumba “c” ngokungathi ngunobumba “s”. Umzekelo: “sine” endaweni yecinema; Igama elithi “sapato” lithetha isihlangu, elithi “cerveza” lithetha ibhiya, kwanamagama amaninzi alandelwa ngoonobumba abakhankanywe ngasentla.
imilebe
Yinto echaseneyo, eguqulela, ukuba xa kuchazwa unobumba "s" njengonobumba "c", umzekelo: "cevilla" yeSeville, "ceñor" ye-senor, njalo njalo, kwenzeka kunye nala maqabane mabini.
Umsondlo kunye nemilebe
Zivela ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine kwisixeko saseSeville, kwaye zasasazeka kulo lonke elaseAndalusia, i-seseo, luhlobo lweelwimi olumele iiklasi ezidumileyo zentlalo, ngelixa i-ceceo imele iiklasi ezisezantsi.
Okwangoku i-seseo ikhona kwiindawo ezithile eSeville, ngakumbi kumazantsi ephondo laseCórdoba, kunye nakwiidolophu zaseMálaga naseJaén, ezikumda wephondo laseCórdoba.
Ngelixa i-ceceo igubungela indawo enkulu yommandla, ukusuka kwiphondo laseHuelva, eCádiz, kunye nenxalenye enkulu yephondo laseMálaga neSeville, kwaye uninzi lwephondo laseGranada, kwinxalenye esempuma yephondo lamva. "c" yahlukile kunobumba "s", owahlulwe kuyo yonke Andalusia.
Kwiindawo apho i-seseo yenziwa khona, ngaphakathi kwamaphondo e-ceceantes, zibizwa ngokuba yi-islets. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuthiwa ama-Andalusi awabizi oonobumba "eses", inyaniso kukuba bakhupha kwiimeko eziphakathi kwegama, kwaye abazibizi ekugqibeleni.
Abayenzi ngokuzenzisa, kodwa ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yeCastilian kule mimandla, eye yavumela le nyani ukuba yenzeke. Enye into ecacileyo kukuba ulwimi lwase-Andalusi alubizi i-medial okanye iileta zokugqibela "eses". Nangona kunjalo, iAndalusian iqondwa ngokuchanekileyo into ayithethayo.
Enye into ebonwa kwi-dialect yase-Andalusi yimeko yokushiya unobumba "d" xa ifunyenwe phakathi kwezikhamiso kunye neziphelo zomlomo "ado", "ido", engenzekiyo kuphela kwi-Andalusian, nayo ibonakala kwi. amanye amagama.
Ngokufanayo, i-Yeísmo ayiphelelanga kwi-dialect yase-Andalusi nayo, ilele ngexesha lokubiza phakathi kweleta "ll" kunye nokubizwa kweleta "y". Ngokuphathelele lo mba, kunokuchazwa ukuba phantse yonke iPeninsula yi-yeista, ngaphandle kweendawo apho olu hlobo lwesandi lungekho khona.
Ekugqibeleni, siza kuthetha ngento eyenzekayo kwiindawo ezithile, ngokukodwa kwintsimi yaseAndalusi, into ethile, malunga nayo:
I-Andalusia yeleta "e"
Yaziwa kakhulu ngeli gama kwezinye iindawo zaseAndalusia, ngakumbi kwezinye iidolophu zaseSeville, kufutshane nentshona yephondo laseCórdoba, kunye needolophu eziselunxwemeni lwaseGranada njengeMotril, apho kulandelayo kwenzeka: izininzi zabasetyhini, eziphela ngo “njengoko”, ziphela ngo “es”.
Esi siganeko senzeka kuhlobo lwembali, kuba lixesha leReconquest. Le mimandla yayihlalwa nguKumkani uAlfonso VI, kunye nabantu abavela kwizikumkani zase-Asturian naseLeonese, kwaye njengoko kwaziwa ngabaninzi, iintetho ezahlukeneyo zeengonyama ezivela kumbindi we-Asturian, zikhupha isininzi sabo sobufazi kwi "es". Ngoko, ngenxa yokuhlaliswa kwaba bemi, bazisa isiganeko esasisekelwe kuloo mmandla.
Ngoko ke, kwiidolophu ezininzi ezinjengePuente Genil de Córdoba, okanye i-Estepa de Sevilla, kwanakunxweme lwaseGranada, amagama anjengathi “vaques” aviwa kwiinkomo, “iipesetes” zelithi pesetas, la magama akatshintshwa. ukubizwa kwe-Andalusian, okuthetha ukuba unobumba "s" osekupheleni kwegama, ushiyiwe.
Imbali, intlalo nenkcubeko
Ngokuphathelele umba wokwazi i-genesis ye-dialect yase-Andalusi, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kukho amaxwebhu afundileyo abonisa ukuhlala ngokusisigxina kwe-Andalusia yasentsomini, apho kwakukho indlela ekhethekileyo yokubonakalisa isiCastilian, ngokukodwa kwinqanaba le-lexical kunye ne-phonological.
Ngale ngqiqo, zinokubonwa kubabhali uJuan de Valdés kwincwadi yakhe ethi Dialogue yolwimi olubhalwayo ngowe-1535, apho wayegxeka uAntonio de Lebrija. Ngokufanayo, inokubonwa kumsebenzi kaDon Quixote, isahluko II, nguMiguel de Cervantes. Inokufunyanwa kwakhona kumsebenzi El Buscón nguFrancisco de Quevedo. Ngokukwanjalo, umbhali uProsper Mérimée ukwenza kucace kwincwadi yakhe yoncwadi uCarmen. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ulwazi olunomdla, sicebisa ukuba undwendwele uliqala njani ibali
Ukuxatyiswa kolwimi kunye nomxholo
Kunokufunyanwa ukuba ukusuka kwinkalo yeelwimi kwaye ngokwefonetiki, i-lexical kunye ne-morphological accents ezohlula kwezinye iindawo zokubizwa kwe-peninsular, indlela yokubiza e-Andalusia, zibonisa izimbo eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-yeismo kunye nomnqweno weleta. "s", ezikwabonwa emazantsi eCastilla, eLa Mancha, eMadrid, eMurcia nase-Extremadura.
Iilwimi zesiCastilian eSpain nakwezinye iilwimi zepeninsular
Xa kubhekiselwa kwinkalo yokulandelelana kweziganeko, iAndalusian ibonisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo ngokucacileyo ngokwentetho ye-boreal Spanish dialect. Ngenxa yoku, banokuchazwa kwezi meko zilandelayo:
Eyokuqala: IsiAndalusi sigcinwe njengesiyelelane esisuka kwimbali yaseCastilian, sithathwa njengolona luhlu lunamandla lweelwimi ekudalweni kolwimi lweSpanish.
Okwesibini: ulwimi lwaseAndalusi lujongwa njengoluhlu lweelwimi oluzalwa kulwimi lwaseSpanish ngokwalo, olubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yeelwimi kunye nezithethe kunye nonqulo, olusekelwe kwiCastilian yamandulo. Ingcinga enjalo yamkelwa ngobukrelekrele ekuhambeni kwembali, ngoshwankathelo lwemiba ethatyathwe kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo zePeninsula yase-Iberia, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwendalo eqhelekileyo kwezinye iilwimi zaseSpanish, kunye nokungenelela kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo zasemzini.
Kwinkalo efanayo, ulwimi lwesi-Andalusian lwahlulwe ngendlela ebalulekileyo kulwimi olufundayo okanye oluqhelekileyo lwesiSpanish. Ukusuka kule ndlela, kukho ukungafani phakathi kweAndalusi kunye nezinye iziyelelane zaseCastilian ezibizwa eSpain, ezinokufana okuthe ngqo, nangona kuxhomekeke kwiimeko apho kwenzeka khona.
Impembelelo yeAndalusian kwiZiqithi zaseCanary naseMelika
Ikhonkco phakathi kolwimi lwase-Andalusi kunye nezinye iziyelelane zeSpanish, ngaphandle kwePeninsula yase-Iberia, idla ngokuba namandla kunezo zineeyantlukwano zeelwimi zesiqingatha esisemantla saseSpain.
Kuyabonakala kwiilwimi zezizwana: eCanarian, eChilean, ePeruvia, eRiver Plate kunye neCaribbean Spanish, kunye nakwezinye, ezineemfano neAndalusian, imiba ethile eneempawu ezinje: yeísmo kunye nokulangazelela unobumba "s ” isiphelo sesikhamiso.
Iindidi zangaphakathi zeAndalusian
Ulwimi lwesi-Andalusi luyindlela yokuthetha engazange yonwabele ukumanyaniswa okanye ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni. Ke ngoko, iimpawu zayo ezithile ziboniswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke ummandla waseAndalusi, omele umsebenzi onzima wokuwulungiselela.
Olu luhlu lwangaphakathi lubangela ukuba abaninzi bachase igama elithi "i-Andalusian dialect", kwaye bakhethe ukuphatha inyaniso yolwimi kwintsimi, besebenzisa ibinzana elithi "intetho ye-Andalusian".
ukubonakalisa uluntu
Lo mba ubhekiselele "kwintetho embi" yama-Andalusi kunye ne-diglossia, okuthetha ukuthi: imeko yokuhlalisana kweentlobo ezimbini zeelwimi phakathi kwabemi okanye ummandla ofanayo, obonwa ngokukodwa kwi-dialect yase-Andalusi.
Kodwa, ngenxa yezizathu zembali, ezentlalo kunye nezopolitiko, zizinto eziye zavumela abaninzi baseSpain ukuba babe nenkolelo, ngakumbi kwabanye base-Andalusi, ukuba i-Andalusian ayikho indlela echanekileyo yokuzibonakalisa, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo kukungafezeki okuqhelekileyo kunye nokungaqhelekanga. yolwimi lwesiSpanish.
Kuba yintoni ephindaphindwayo, ukuba ulwimi lwe-Andalusi lusetyenziswa kwiintetho ezihlekisayo zabanye abalinganiswa, enika iziphumo ezihlekisayo ukutolika. Ke, oku kwenze ukuba kukho umbono ombi odumileyo wolwimi lwase-Andalusi, olwenziwa ngabantu abaninzi abaneelwimi ezahlukeneyo zaseSpain.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kunokuqinisekiswa, kukho iinguqulelo ezikhabayo, ezigatyayo okanye ezivele zahlule iAndalusian ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, imbono engalunganga ye-Andalusian igcinwe kwiingxelo ezimbini eziphosakeleyo:
Okokuqala: ukubonisa ukuba i-Andalusian "i-vulgar deformation" ye-Spanish "echanekileyo", eyingcamango engaphandle kweelwimi.
Okwesibini: bachaza ukuba i-Andalusian ifanekisela ukungazi kunye nokuhlehliswa kwenkcubeko yama-Andalusi, eyathintela iziganeko ezimbini ezisisiseko. I-archaism yeempawu zeelwimi ze-Andalusi, ngaphambi kweengxaki zentlalo zoqoqosho ezenzeka e-Andalusia, kwaye, ukongeza, indlela ye-Andalusi yokuzibonakalisa ayichongwa nje ngeempawu zayo zefonetiki, kodwa nangesigama esikhulu saso, kwaye ngeempawu zemophosyntactic kunye nesemantic.
Ezi ngcamango zidla ngokuhambelana nenyaniso yokuba izithethi ezininzi ezivela kwi-boreales ezahlukahlukeneyo zigcina uqhagamshelwano kunye nolwimi lwase-Andalusi, ngokuqhagamshelana ngokuthe ngqo nabafuduki kunye nabasebenzi abanandipha idumela elincinci lentlalontle, abaye bathatyathwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino enyakatho.
Umgangatho ophantsi kunye nodumo lwentlalo olwabelwe aba bantu kunye nokwahlulwa kwabo bachazwayo, kwandiswe kwiindidi zeelwimi ezivakaliswa ngabo. Ukuhlaziswa kunye nokugatywa kwabo ngenxa yeengxelo ezahlukeneyo zezopolitiko kunye neengxoxo.
Ngokuphathelele lo mbono uhlolisisiweyo we-Andalusian, kuluntu lwabantu abathetha iSpanishi beentlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ubukho beqela elaziwayo lama-Andalusi bongezwa, abathi ngexesha lembali yabo baye bangafaneleki i-Andalusian. Oku kwakujongwe kukulungelelanisa ngokukhululekileyo ukwahluka kwezikolo okuthandwayo okusekelwe kulwimi olubhalwayo.
Ingumba onokuvezwa, ngokwemfundo, udumo lwentlalo kunye nenkcubeko yezemfundo, ulwimi lwaseSpanishi olufundisiweyo lugcinwe kunye e-Andalusia, ngelixa ulwimi lwase-Andalusi luchazwe njengento eyaziwayo kunye nokungazi.
Lo mbandela unokuguqulelwa, kwinto yokuba idibana kunye nokufunda kwesikolo, idumela lentlalontle, ngaphezu koqeqesho lwezemfundo, oluye lwahlala ludibaniswa ngaphakathi kwe-dialect yase-Andalusi kunye nesigama sase-Spanish esifundileyo, nangona indlela yokuthetha yase-Andalusi, kwindlela yayo. amaxesha achazwe njengesiqhelo kunye nabantu abangafundanga.
Kungabonakaliswa ukuba ngokwemizekeliso e-Andalusia, kuye kwaveliswa i-diglossia eyomeleleyo, eguqulela ukuphazamiseka kokuchazwa kweefowuni, yiyo loo nto ihlala i-Andalusian ngendlela yokunxibelelana, kunye nophando lwendalo kunye noluqhelekileyo lweelwimi. Sikumema ngovuyo ukuba ufunde oku kulandelayo Uhlalutyo lwe-morphological
Iindlela ezingalunganga malunga nolwimi lwe-Andalusian
Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, kukho ingxaki enkulu yokunganyaniseki kwentetho phakathi kwama-Andalusi, abangakonwabelanga ukuba nepateni yolwimi kulwimi lwabo.
Kumaxesha anamhlanje, utshintsho oluthambileyo lwenzekile ukukhulula ii-complexes kunye neenkxalabo eziye zaba yinto, nangona kunjalo, uxabiso olunganelanga lwentetho ye-Andalusian lusagcinwa, ngamanye ama-Andalusi, kunye nenani elikhulu labantu baseSpain abangaveliyo. kulo mmandla waseAndalusi.
Olu xabiso lungathandekiyo lutyhilwa yikhonkco ekhoyo kumaqela ahlukeneyo, kuphawula ukuba ubudlelwane buvela kulawulo olungokomfuziselo lweqela elinye phezu kwelinye, njengoko lisekwa nguPierre Bourdieu, i-theorist yanamhlanje yezenzo zentlalo, isazi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi zentlalo .
Likhonkco, elivela kwinto yokuba umphandi weelwimi, unjingalwazi waseAndalusi ogama lingu-Ígor Rodríguez Iglesias, uyibiza ngokuba yi-"hybris of the metalinguistic zero point", ebonisa indlela iqela elizazisa ngayo igrama, intlalo kunye nenkcubeko. , apho amaxabiso amiselwe ukunciphisa isimilo samanye amaqela.
I-metalnguistic zero point isekwe kulwazi oluvezwe yintandabulumko eyazalelwa eColombia uSantiago Castro Gómez, othi inxulunyaniswe nokwahlulwa kwezithuba zoBumo. umbhali Caribbean imvelaphi Martinique.
Ngokufanayo, ukusetyenziswa okuncinci kolwimi lwesi-Andalusi kunokubonwa kwiimidiya ezahlukeneyo, ezibaluleke kakhulu. Kuyabonakala kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeRadio kunye neTelevishini zeAndalusi ukuba iingcali zonxibelelwano zibalisa iinkqubo zabo phantsi kokwahluka kweskimu, ngokubhekiselele kubukho bokubizwa kweziko kunye nomntla weSpeyin.
Ukuba kunjalo, umntu waseSpain onesivakalisi sase-Andalusian, esilinganiselwe kwiminqweno yeleta "s", i-seseo kunye nezinye izinto zefonetiki ezivunyiweyo.
Kwincwadi yesimbo yeCanal Sur TV, ifaneleka uninzi lweempawu zolwimi lwesiAndalusi njengezothusayo, sisiqinisekiso sendima enikwe ulwimi lwesiAndalusi, ngeendaba zikarhulumente.
Ukuqwalaselwa kwezomthetho neziko
Ukuthetha kwinkalo yomthetho kunye neziko, ulwimi lwase-Andalusi luthathwa njenge "Andalusian Linguistic Modality", ngokwezikhokelo kwiSitethi sokuZimela sase-Andalusia sonyaka we-2007, kunye noMphathiswa wezeMfundo kunye neSayensi yaseJunta. yaseAndalusia, nangona kunjalo, ayinaziko elisemthethweni leelwimi okanye i-academy emele bona ukusuka kwi-Junta de Andalucía ekhoyo.
Kodwa, ekubeni kunjalo, lo mba awukhange ube yimfuneko kwizindlu ezahlukeneyo zezifundo, hayi ukulungisa okanye ukuguqula abafundi xa besebenzisa le ntetho.
Ukumelwa kolwimi: ifonetiki kunye nezandi
Kwesi siqwenga siza kukuxelela malunga necandelo lefonetiki kunye nephonological ye-Andalusian Spanish, echongwa ngokusetyenziswa kweethowuni kunye nezandi ezinezandi zazo, izandi ezahlukeneyo ezinamazwi ahluke kancinci kwiilwimi zelizwe laseIberia. . .
Ke, ukungalingani, ngakumbi kwinkalo yefonetiki, kwaye emva koko ifonetiki, imorphological okanye i-syntax, iza kumela ezi mpawu zefonetiki zoqobo ezisikelwe umda, kunye nesimo sengqondo esiqhelekileyo se-Andalusian Spanish.
Ngokukwanjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isixa esithile sesigama sase-Andalusi sisele, apho amaxesha amaninzi babelane ngeelwimi zaseMelika.
Zimbalwa iinkcukacha zefonetiki ezenzeka e-Andalusia zisuka kwindawo, uninzi lwayo luthintelwa kwiindawo ezithile, ezinje ngokusasazwa kwe-geolatal okanye i-dialectal complex, ethetha uluhlu lweentlobo zeelwimi ezithethwa kwiindawo ezikufutshane.
Kwakunye nentlalontle eyahlukileyo, okuthetha ulwimi lwentlalontle okanye ulwimi lwentlalo oluchaza iintlobo ngeentlobo zeelwimi ezisetyenziswa ludidi lwentlalontle, kwaye lwenzeka nakwezinye iilwimi zasekuhlaleni, okuthetha indawo eqhelekileyo okanye ilizwe lokuzalwa komntu, umthonyama, ngokukodwa ibe lulwimi lwaseSpain, olungaphandwanga njengoko kunjalo ngeAndalusia.
Kwinkalo ebhekiselele kwinkqubo yefonological, zonke iindidi ezikhoyo e-Andalusia, zinenani le-17 consonant phonemes, ezizezi: "BD f G hklmn ɲ p ɾ rstj". Kwezinye iindawo, ezinye zisasebenza, njenge-archaic "h", evela kwiLatini "f".
Iimpawu zefonetiki ngokubanzi
Ulwimi lwesi-Andalusi luphawulwa ikakhulu kukubizwa okwahluke kakhulu kwiSpanish, kuzibonakalisa ngengqokelela enkulu yamagama omthonyama, elongezelelekileyo kwisiSpanish senza ubutyebi ngokulandelelana kwisigama saso.
Phakathi kweempawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezibaluleke ngakumbi zezi:
- Izikhamiso: zinezikhamiso ezininzi.
- Seseo: Ukubiza kwakhe oonobumba "cz", umzekelo: ithi grasia, endaweni yobabalo.
- Ceceo: Ukulibiza kwakho unobumba “s” njengo “cz”, umzekelo: zolo, endaweni yokuba uyedwa. Phambi koluntu ayamkelekanga, kuba ayifumaneki kubantu abafundileyo.
- Yeísmo: Ukubizwa kwayo ngokuthi "ll" njengo "kunye", umzekelo: yeno ngokuzeleyo.
- Iminqweno yeconsonant: unobumba "h" osuka ku-"f" ekuqaleni, umzekelo: ijumo yomsi.
- Ukubizwa okunqwenelekayo konobumba "j", umzekelo: coha, endaweni yesiqhwala.
- Unobumba "s" implosive, ekupheleni kwegama ezinokunqweneleka, umzekelo: puroh, endaweni pursos, okanye ukuphelisa: umzekelo: mouse, endaweni iimpuku. Ngaphakathi kwi-syllable ungaphefumlela, umzekelo: i-mohca endaweni ye-fly, okanye ngokuphindaphinda ukuvelisa, umzekelo; ilungile endaweni yobulungisa.
- Ukungathathi hlangothi koonobumba be-implosive "lr", umzekelo: i-harpist, endaweni yengca ye-canary; bebel endaweni yesiselo, nakwigama elithi arcarde, endaweni yokubiza usodolophu.
- Ukulahleka koonobumba be-intervocalic "d, g, r", umzekelo: quemaúra, auja, endaweni yokuthetha inaliti, kunye nokubiza i-pea endaweni yepere.
- Ukulahleka koonobumba “l, r, n ekupheleni”, umzekelo: caná endaweni yomjelo; Ndathengisa endaweni yokuthengisa; omdaka endaweni yomdaka.
- Ukutshintsha kwefonetiki yeleta "ch", enokuthi ivakale njengoonobumba "sh" umzekelo mushasho endaweni yenkwenkwe.
- Faka endaweni yakho, umzekelo: uyafunda okanye uyafunda
- Ukungathathi hlangothi kwezandi zokuqala okanye ze-intervocalic zoonobumba "s" kunye no "z", ezithi, ngokuxhomekeke kwintsimi, ziphele kwi-lisp okanye i-his. I-ceceo inokufumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi zeMeditera zaseAndalusia, enyanisweni kwiphondo laseCádiz, nakumazantsi eSeville, eHuelva, eGranada naseAlmería.
- Ukuguqulwa kweleta "s" ekupheleni kwe-syllable kwi-aspiration emfutshane, enokuthi iguqule i-consonant, makhe sibone umzekelo: ngesiCastilian sithi "los barco", ngelixa i-Andalusian yayiza kuthetha "» loh varcoh », Kuyaqapheleka ukuba unobumba "b" uguqulwe kwi-labiodental ngesenzo somnqweno.
- Ukukhatywa kweleta ye-intervocalic "d", ebonwa ngokukodwa kwi-participles, umzekelo kumagama: «cantao», «drink» okanye «partío»
- Ukugatywa kweeconsonants ezininzi ekupheleni, umzekelo, zibonwa kumagama athi: "yiza", endaweni yokubiza idla, "comierciá" yorhwebo, okanye yimeko ye "comuniá, endaweni yokuthetha uluntu.
- Ukushiya u-“de” njengophawu lokuba nezinto, umzekelo ukubiza: “casa María”, endaweni yokuthi casa de María.
- Ikhonkco kumagama afanelekileyo, umzekelo: La Marta, El Pedro, phakathi kwabanye abaninzi.
- Ukunqongophala kwe-laísmo, leísmo, loísmo phantse yonke indawo yaseAndalusi, ngaphandle kwezixeko ezizikomkhulu, eqhuba isimo sengqondo esinamandla ngendlela yaseCastilian, emisela i-leísmo yomntu, umzekelo: "Ndambulisa", endaweni yokuvakalisa. ndiye ndambulisa.
- Kwisigama sabo, kukho impembelelo yeLeonese, isiPhuthukezi, isiAragonese, isiMurcian, isiValencian kunye nesiCatalan.
- Ubukho benani elilungileyo lamagama, asetyenziswa kuphela kwi-Andalusia, njengale: arkausí, arresío, ehmoresío, arkatufa, arkansía, hamá, ubukhulu becala asuka kwi-Andalusian Arabic.
- Ukutshintshwa kwamagama: "wena" "wena", ngaphandle kokuguqula imo yentetho, umzekelo xa besithi: Ngaba uya kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga?, oku kubonwa kuphela kwintsimi esentshona. Kulwimi oluninzi olubalaseleyo, ukuguqulwa okukhethekileyo kubonwa, njengokuthi: "uyavala", ngelixa iCastilian ichaza: "uyavala"
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, imfundo kunye nabaphulaphuli abaninzi beendaba zeendaba abasebenzisa iSpanish esiqhelekileyo, kwiimpawu ezininzi ezikhankanywe ngasentla, bahlala begcina usasazo lwe-diglossia, apho abanye bengasetyenziswanga kwintetho esemthethweni. imodeli yeCastilian. Sicebisa ukuba ufunde uncwadi lwegaucho
Indlela yolwimi lwaseAndalusi
Indlela yolwimi lwe-Andalusian yindlela yokuzibonakalisa ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iindlela zamaphondo ahlukeneyo, ngenxa yeenkalo ezibalulekileyo:
Ukulingana konobumba “l” kunye no “r” implosives
Kwiindawo ezininzi e-Andalusia, kuqhelekile ukutshintsha unobumba "l" ngeleta "r", ngakumbi xa ifunyenwe ngaphakathi kwegama. Kodwa, le modyuli ayisiyonto yendalo yonke esetyenziswa kulo lonke ummandla waseAndalusi, yonke into iya kuxhomekeka kwinkcubeko yeklasi kunye nentlalontle, inokupheliswa.
Ukungabikho komahluko phakathi konobumba "s" kunye no "o" kwindawo yokuqala okanye ye-intervocalic.
Yindlela enokusombululwa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-ceceo, i-seseo kunye ne-heheo. Iziphakamiso ezithile ezongeziweyo ze-Andalusian, ezifana nesiphakamiso se-EPA sokubhala i-Andalusian ephuhliswe kwi-2017, ibhekisela kwi-grapheme "c" ukubonisa into eyenziwa yi-neutralization eyenziwa phakathi kweefowuni ezimbini.
Ukulingana konobumba "ll" kunye nonobumba "y", kuthiwa yi-yeísmo okanye ukubizwa kweleta elle ngokungathi nguwe.
Makhe sibone umzekelo ngale ndlela: Ngubani ongenayo i-bîtto Çebiya no a bîtto marabiya, eguqulela: ongabonanga i-Seville akazange abone isimangaliso.
Ukulahleka konobumba “s” kwiiconsonants
Kule meko, isandi sobumba "s" asibandakanywa kanye xa siphakathi koonobumba. Akukho kushiywa ngokupheleleyo: kwi-Andalusian, kukho ukuveliswa kwesandi se-consonantal ukuthatha ithuba lokulangazelela, ehlala ithatha indawo yayo yokuthetha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ibambe umnqweno othambileyo phambi kwe-consonant.
I-Andalusia yahlulwe yangamaqela amathathu
Kuthetha ukuthini oku kukuba i-Occidental yenziwe ngamaphondo amathathu agqithisileyo, apho i-consonant enesandi esininzi ithatha indawo, kwaye ikwenza oko ngokulangazelela; ngelixa iOriental isenziwa ukusuka eCórdoba ukuya eAlmería kwaye ivelisa iiconsonants ezingakhathaliyo zesibini eziqulunqwe yi-aspiration plus sonorous consonant; iCentral, ibandakanya iCosta del Sol kunye noluhlu lweentaba zayo eziqhekeza ngobunono ukuya kummandla osempuma nasentshona, kwaye iphinde ingenelele kwiimpawu zombini.
Ukuphelelwa lixesha konobumba “o”
Kukho iimeko ezimbini ezineemfaniso zokulahleka okuchanekileyo kweleta "o"
Ngamanye amaxesha ukulahleka kweleta "e"
Kule meko, kunokubonwa ukuba inqaku lesinye isidoda elibhekiselele kwi "the" lingashiywa ngaphandle konobumba "e", xa amagama andulelayo aqala ngesikhamiso.
Ukubizwa kweleta "s" predorsal okanye flat coronal
Kwintetho ye-Andalusian, unobumba wangaphambili "s" uyaphumelela ekubizweni kwayo, kunye neleta ye-coronal flat "s", okuthetha ukuba i-consonant ye-coronal yileyo ichazwa kunye nenxalenye engaphambili yolwimi, ephambi kwe " s" egqithileyo ebetha yonke i-Iberia Peninsula. Abantu abathetha iiseantes njengabo bahlula oonobumba "s" kunye no "z" kufuneka basebenzise enye yeeeses.
Ngokunjalo, imilebe maxa wambi isebenzisa enye yazo, xa itshintsha indlela yokuthetha ngamaxesha athile okanye ngenxa yeziganeko ezibakhokelela ekubeni benjenjalo.
Ukubizwa kweleta "ch" fricative (ukubiza ngamalungu omlomo womlomo)
Le modyuli ayenzeki kummandla osempuma, kukuphunyezwa kwesandi somzwilili weleta yesiCastilian "ch", enokuthi ivakale ngathi "ch" yemvelaphi yesiFrentshi kunye nesiPhuthukezi, isiNgesi "sh" okanye isiNgesi. "sch". ” yemvelaphi yaseJamani.
Umnqweno wonobumba “x”
Ibhekisela kwijota yesiCastilian, kukubizwa okunqwenelwayo konobumba u-“x”, i-orthographic jota, nonobumba u-“g” xa inesandi esingathi yijot, ibiza unobumba onqwenelayo “h” ngendlela efanayo isiNgesi okanye isiJamani “h”.
Umnqweno wonobumba “h” ukusuka kwileta yesiLatini yokuqala “f”
Kule meko, i-aspirated articulation of letter "h" igcinwa, evela kwileta yokuqala yesiLatini "f", ethi ngeSpanishi ayinayo isandi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezinye "i-haches" nazo zifakwe ngaphakathi, ezingaveli kwiLatini "efe".
Le ndlela yomnqweno ichazwe ngokwesiko njengophawu olubalaseleyo phakathi kwedemoni yaseAndalusi, yiyo loo nto ifikelele ekugculelweni eAndalusia nangaphandle kommandla wayo, iyisebenzisa kumagama angenawo ekuqaleni.
Umnqweno weleta yeSpanishi "f"
Lutshintsho oluphangaleleyo lomnqweno weleta "f", ukuya kuthi ga kwileta "h" ukuya kwindlela apho iSpanish esiqhelekileyo singazange sihlupheke kuyo, ngakumbi ngamagama: yayiyi, ndaya, ukuba kwiindidi ezithile ze Ulwimi lwaseAndalusi, babona umnqweno wokuqala.
Umnqweno wekhonsoli ophuphumayo
Kweli candelo siza kuthetha nge-implosive consonant aspiration, elugqabhuko-dubulo olunamandla lomoya, kunye nokuthomalaliswa kwezandi ezithintelayo. Ngokusekelwe kule ngcamango, la magama abizwa ngokuba ziiconsonants: “r, s, z, x, c, p, t, d, g, b, f no-j” ayanqweneleka. Ngoxa ikwinkqubo yokulangazelela, isandi somzwilili oyilandelayo siyatshintshwa ngokuphindaphindwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokwesandi seempawu ezichaza iqabane.
Umnqweno kanobumba othi “r” ulandelwa ngunobumba “n”, kunye no “l”
Kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba kule modyuli iileta "n" kunye neleta "l" zijoliswe kwaye ziphindwe kabini. Ngokubhekiselele kwimixube yefonetiki ethi "rn" kunye no "rl", kwenzeka ngokulangazelela unobumba othi "r", kunye nokuphindaphinda unobumba "n", okanye ukusilela njengonobumba "l".
Kuyabonakala ngokucacileyo ukuba ngenxa yokuphindaphinda, umnqweno uba yimpumlo kwaye le nasalization ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isikhamiso esiza kwiileta "l" okanye ileta "r".
Umnqweno kanobumba othi “s” owandulelwa ngonobumba “p” no “k” (“cy qu”)
Njengomphumo womnqweno woonobumba "s", "p", "k", "k", eziphindaphindiweyo, ziba ziiconsonants ezinqwenelekayo, kwaye zingayeki.
Umnqweno wonobumba u-“s” okanye “k/” («c») owandulelwa ngunobumba “t”
Le nkqubo yenzeka ngomnqweno weleta "s", "t", ephindaphindwayo kwaye inike izandi ze-alveolar, kwaye ingabi neziphumo ze-occlusive.
Umba omtsha kukuguqulwa kweleta "t", ephindaphindiweyo embindini wokunqwenela kwisandi se-consonantal, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-africate.
Kukho iimeko ezikhethekileyo apho iconsonants "f, s, and z" kuphindaphindo zithatha indawo yomnqweno omkhulu.
Ulangazelelo lwekhonsonanti elwenzekayo lwandulelwa sisitishi esivakaliswayo soonobumba “b”, “d”, “g”
Kule meko, endaweni yokuvelisa, ukuyeka ukuncwina kuba yi-fricatives.
Ukunqwenela koonobumba bokugqibela kunye nesandi
Iiconsonants zokugqibela "d, l, n, r, s, z" nazo ziyanqweneleka njengee-implosives, ngelixa zivelisa isandi esifanayo seempumlo zezikhamiso zokuqala, kunye nophindaphindo lwamaqabane alandelayo.
Kudla ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba unobumba "s" akanqweneleki ekugqibeleni, okanye unobumba "n" uvakaliswa ekupheleni kwegama, ukuba igama elilandelayo liqala ngesikhamiso. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ukutyibilika kwamagama abandakanyekayo kunokuveliswa, nto leyo ethetha ukuba xa igama liphela kwiqabane.
Ngezihlandlo ezininzi, abantu baseAndalusia, bachaza ngendlela yokulawula iSpanishi iiconsonants abanqwenela imihla ngemihla, befuna ukuthintela ukungachaneki kokuhambelana nokubiza amagama amabini (homophony), okanye ngenxa yento eyaziwa ngokuba yi-diglossia.
Oko kwathiwa, kuqhelekile ukuba igama lokuqala elibandakanyekayo lijongene nokubonisa isininzi, ukugcina isikhamiso esibonakala ekupheleni kwegama lesibini esingabandakanyekanga kwimiphumo yokulangazelela.
heheo manqaphanqapha
I-Heheo ligama elingadibanisi nendawo ethile, ekugqibeleni livela ngendlela enqabileyo, oko kukuthi, kuxhomekeke kwixesha lencoko kunye nenqanaba lesenzi abanalo abo bathethayo.
Nangona kunjalo, isicelo sayo ayikaphandwa kakuhle okwangoku, ngokuqhelekileyo ichazwa njengesiqhelo phakathi kwabemi bemimandla yasemaphandleni, nangona kunjalo, kukho amagama afana ne "heheantes", athe adityaniswa kwisichazi-magama sawo, esenza inxalenye yelizwi layo. izongezo, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu eAndalusia ngabahlali, bejonga ukubonakaliswa kwayo kweHeheo.
Njengoko sele sikhankanyile, izithethi zayo ezibiza i-heheo, zihlala kulangazelelo lweleta "s" yokuqala okanye i-intervocalic, evelisa isandi esifanayo ngokungathi sibiza unobumba "g" okanye "j". Oku kunokungqinwa phakathi kwabantu abamileyo, kuxhomekeke kwixesha lencoko.
Ukuphefumla ngeempumlo
I-Nasalization yinkqubo equka ukwenza izandi, ngokuqhelekileyo izikhamiso, ukuvumela umoya ukuba uhambe ngeempumlo, endaweni yomlomo. KwiSpanishi, i-nasalization ayimeli into ebalulekileyo, kuba akukho zibini zamagama ahluke ngokukodwa ngenxa yemiphumo ye-nasalization.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iingcali ezithile zophando lweelwimi ziye zabonisa umphumo we-nasalization ngama-Andalusi, kodwa uphando oluthile aluzange lwenziwe ngokubhekiselele kulo mbandela ngokwentetho ye-Andalusian.
I-nasalization nge-aspiration iyenzeka ngenxa ye-aspiration, mhlawumbi ngamagama ahlukeneyo, kunye nomanyano lwamanye amagama.
Ukukhutshwa kwezikhamiso ezandulela unobumba wokugqibela “n”
Kanye njengoko isiphumo se-nasalization ye-vowels senzeka, ngenxa ye-aspiration ye-consonants e-implosive, imeko eyongezelelweyo yemiphumo ye-nasalization inokufunyanwa. Oku kunokubonwa kuloo magama aphela ngonobumba "n", ke le consonant is attenuated zinyamalale, nto leyo evuselela kuzo zombini iimeko inkqubo nasalization isikhamiso elandelayo.
Utyekelo lokususa kunye nokudityaniswa kwamagama
U-Elision yinkqubo yokunqumamisa isikhamiso esiphela igama elinye xa elinye liqala ngesikhamiso. Ngelixa ukudibanisa kukumanyana kwezinto ezininzi. Kwisixeko sase-Andalusia, ukuthambekela okukhulu kokutshatyalaliswa kwamagama kuyaqhubeka, ngaphezu kweminye imimandla yase-Iberia.
Kwakunye nenkqubo yokunyamalala i-preposition "de", esetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo ngolwimi lwesiSpanish. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhelekile, ukuba e-Andalusia bacima ileta "e" kwi-preposition "en", kwimeko yokuba ilandelwa yi-vowel.
I-Morphosyntax
Kule nxalenye yenqaku, siza kuthetha ngeMorphosyntax, ebhekiselele kulwimi lweelwimi olufunda i-morphological and syntatic norms kunye nemithetho yolwimi, kwaye kwimeko echaphazelekayo, sigxile kwi-dialect yaseAndalusi.
Ngoko ke, sinokubonisa ukuba olu qeqesho lunikezelwa ngokwahlukileyo kakhulu kwezinye iindawo kwi-Peninsula yase-Iberia, i-demonym yase-Andalusi ibonisa ulwimi olusebenzisa i-etymologically izimelabizo ze-atonic, ezithetha ukuba zibizwa ngaphandle kwe-accent, njengoko ziza kuba: le, la kwaye khangela
Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo yeelwimi ezahlukeneyo inotyekelo lokungena kwi-leismo ngokwemiqathango efana nale: "Ndambulisa, endaweni yokuthi" ndambulisa.
Kwimimandla emininzi ye-Western Andalusia nakwiindawo ezininzi zaseMpuma Andalusia, kuqhelekile ukusebenzisa amagama athi: "ustedes" endaweni yokuthi "vosotros" kunye neenkcukacha ukuba ilungiselelo elixubekileyo lenzeka, oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa igama elithi tú elivela ukusuka kumntu wesibini isininzi, kulo mzekelo igama elithi "wena".
Inyani iyangqubana nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo eLatin America, kuba ibinzana elithi wena kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zolwimi ezinxulumeneyo lithatyathelw' indawo ligama elithi "wena".
Ngokubhekiselele kwindawo efanayo yejografi, amabinzana amagama olwimi, kwaye ngokuyimfuneko abekwe kwisininzi somntu wesibini, i-infinitive eqhubekayo ye "se" isetyenziswa, ngelixa kwelinye icala le-Iberian Peninsula i-infinitive eyandulelwa ngoonobumba "os".
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba kwezinye iindawo zasentshona yeAndalusia, kwenziwa iinzame zokugcina isimelabizo esithi "que" ngokumangalisayo, njengoko kusenzeka ngolwimi lwesiFrentshi, olongeza unobumba othi "s", othi kwimiba yefonetiki uvelise. umnqweno we "h". Nangona inkqubo yokulangazelela igudile, isabonwa lula.
Ukusebenzisa igama elithi "ustedes", ukumela umntu wesibini kwisinye ngaphandle nawuphi na umahluko obonisa okusesikweni, kwakhona kwenzeka kwiiCanary Islands, kuba kuphela kwendlela esetyenziswa kwiLatin America, nangona kunjalo, kuhle ukuqaphela ukuba kwezinye iindawo. incanyathiselwe kwiintlobo zamabinzana abhekiselele kumntu wesithathu.
Nangona, ulwandulelo lwenqaku luvela kwigama elifanelekileyo elabelwe abantu, ngakumbi kwiimeko zentsapho. Yinto eqhelekileyo kwezinye iindawo zokusingqongileyo zolwimi lweenkobe lwe-Hispanic, kunye nakwezinye iilwimi zesiCatalan, ngesiPhuthukezi kunye nolwimi lwesiTaliyane.
Kukho nezinye iinkalo zefonetiki ezingenelela kwinqanaba le-morphosyntactic, njengeemeko ze-homophony ezingekho kwiSpanishi esisemthethweni, kodwa zibangelwa ukungabikho kwe-consonants. Ke, ukuze mhlawumbi ukusombulula ukungachaneki okunokuvumela ukuba kuchume, kuyafuneka ukujikela kwezinye iipateni zesyntactic ezidityaniswe nezinciphiso kunye nezihlomelo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukufakela iqabane ngobuxoki kuyafuneka, nto leyo evumela ukuba kunyanzeliswe umahluko wefonetiki phakathi kwesinye kunye nesininzi segama eliphela ngesikhamiso, nokuthintela ihomophony ukuba yenzeke.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kunokubonwa ukuba ukuguqulwa kwesini samagama athile kuveliswa, okubonakaliswa ngokucacileyo kwi-Western Andalusia.
Ngokutsho kweengxelo zikaLorca, e-Andalusia kukho ukuthanda ngokuchanekileyo ukusebenzisa izinciphiso kulwimi lwabo, okwazi ukuhambisa ukusetyenziswa kwesibizo ukuphumeza intetho yomlomo.
Eminye imiba ebahlulayo
Ngokubhekiselele kumxholo we-morphosyntax, bawenza wahluke ngokusetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile isimamva esithi “emos”, endaweni yokusebenzisa u-“amos”, ukukhankanya isininzi somntu wokuqala we-preterite elula, kwizenzi ezine-infinitive “ ar” , ngenjongo yokuyahlula kwisilathisi sangoku. Esi sisiphumo esenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo eSpain.
Ngokufanayo, kunokubonwa ngokucacileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwe-preposition "de" phakathi kwesenzi esidityanisiweyo, kunye nesinye isenzi esiphela kwi-infinitive.
Ngokunjalo, kujongwa ekusetyenzisweni kwesenzi "ukuba" endaweni yesenzi "ukuba", ukuyibonisa ngeyona ndlela igqibeleleyo yendlela yomlomo yokuvakalisa isenzo.
Ukuguqulwa kolandelelwano lwezinto ezingenelelayo kwiilwimi ezinokuncipha.
Ukusetyenziswa kweefom ezithile ezifanayo ezahlukileyo kwezo zeSpanish ngokubanzi
ISemantics kunye nelexicon
Ulwimi lwesi-Andalusian nalo luyakonwabela ukuba nezinto ezikhethekileyo kwimiba yelexical ye-semantic.
Ke, kolu lwimi lukhethekileyo, luneenxalenye zolwimi ngokubhekiselele kumagama alo, ngogxininiso olukhethekileyo kumagama aqhelekileyo e-Andalusia, njengoko kwenzeka kwamanye amagama asetyenziswa kwesi lwimi, nangona ephuma kwisiArabhu, kwisiMozarabic, kwisiLatini, kwisiRomani amagama. ., phakathi kwabaninzi.
Sinokubonisa ukuba kwi-dialect yase-Andalusi kukho uluhlu lweentetho eziqhelekileyo kwezinye iindawo kwaye ezibonakaliswe ngokuba yi-archaic.
Kwenzeka ukuba ngezihlandlo ezahlukahlukeneyo, esi sigama singenelela kunye nezinye iilwimi zaseMzantsi Melika. Kodwa, kuhle ukwenza abafundi baqonde ukuba ayilulo lonke uluhlu lwamagama olwimi lwesi-Andalusi olubonakaliswa kwisichazi-magama seRoyal Spanish Academy, iRAE.
Isizathu sokuba inani elikhulu lamagama aqhelekileyo eCastilian yaseAndalusi abonisiwe, aqulethwe kuluhlu lwamagama, kwaye ajongwa ngobuchule ngaphantsi kweArgentina, Aragonese, Castilian, Chilean kunye nezinye isigama.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ebalaseleyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-El Vocabulario Andaluz, eyapapashwa yimbongi, isithandi sobulumko kunye nombhali ogama linguAntonio Alcalá Venceslada, ngo-1933.
Ngoku, ukusuka kwindlela ye-semantic, ii-lexical specialties eziqulathe ulwimi lwe-Andalusian zinokuba zikhulu, kuba amagama anentsingiselo eyahlukileyo kunesiqhelo ahlala esetyenziswa, kunye nezinto ezishiyekileyo zenxalenye enkulu yeSpain.
Igrama ngolwimi lwesi-Andalusian
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ulwimi lwesi-Andalusi aluqukethe igrama esemthethweni eyahlukileyo kwigrama yokusetyenziswa kweSpanishi. Kodwa, ekuhambeni kwembali yolwimi lwase-Andalusi, iziphakamiso ezininzi zegrama malunga nesigama sase-Andalusi zilungiselelwe, kodwa azizange ziphumelele ngokusemthethweni.
Isiphakamiso sokugqibela salungiswa ngexesha leRiphabhlikhi yesiBini yaseSpain, eyaziswa kwiCortes kunye noMthetho okhethekileyo wokuZilawula kwe-Andalusia, kodwa, ngenxa yokungena kweMfazwe yaseSpain, yonke into yayikhwankqisiwe, kwaye ukudibanisa kwakungekho. yimpumelelo.
Kulo mba, kukho into ekhethekileyo, ebona kwangaphambili okwenzeka eMelika, kunye nokutshintshwa kwesimelabizo esithi "vosotros" ngokuthi "ustedes" kwisiyelelane saseAndalusi esisetyenziswe kwinxalenye esentshona. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokubonisa isininzi sesibini ziyaqhubeka zigcinwa, apho kuninzi lweMelika kuya kuthatyathelwa indawo ngumntu wesithathu.
Upelo
Upelo lubonisa into ebaluleke kakhulu xa uvakalisa izimvo ngokubhala, kwaye kwimeko echaphazela ulwimi lwase-Andalusi, zibhalwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, sinako ukuba ukususela phakathi kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, idemoni yaseAndalusi, okwangoku ayinayo ezandleni zayo inkqubo eqinileyo kunye neyendalo yonke, emisela ukubhalwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo kubhalo-magama, eyaziwayo kude kube ngoku kwaye oku kubhaptiziwe. ulwimi lweSpanish.
Okwangoku, amaqela athile enkcubeko e-Andalusia enze izindululo eziqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yokuqhelanisa, ukusebenzisa kunye nokuphucula esele ikhona kwi-dialect yase-Andalusi, sinokukhankanya ezo zisekwe kwi-EPA esekwe ku-Er Prinçipito Andalûh, malunga neqela elingekho sikweni lezifundo kunye abalandeli abanomdla kwintetho ye-Andalusian.
Ngokunjalo, kwisindululo esenziwe yiZEA, enguMbutho woFundo lweAndalusi, ebizwa ngokuba yiZoziedá pal Ehtudio'el Andalú, engumbutho wenkcubeko osekelwe eMijias-Spain, osebenza nenjongo eyodwa yokuphanda ulwimi lwaseAndalusi. .
Imisebenzi yoncwadi
Emva kophando olunzulu kunye nokuhlalutya kwabo ngokufanelekileyo kweyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo ye-Rhetoric kunye neePoetics, epapashwe ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kuye kwagqitywa ukuba kukho imisebenzi eyaneleyo, enomxholo oxabisekileyo woluhlu lwemibhalo yakhe.
Iithiyori ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi ziye zaqatshelwa, phakathi kwazo izihloko ezinje: I-Sensualism, Sensualism, I-Sensualism ethotyiweyo okanye imvakalelo, i-Eclecticism, i-Eclectic Spiritualism, iTraditionalism, i-Neoscholasticism, i-Idealism, i-Krausism kunye nemisinga emininzi efana ne-Utilitarianism kunye ne-Romanticism.
Ngaphakathi kolwimi lwesi-Andalusi, kukho imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yoncwadi ephawule imbali ye-idiosyncrasy yayo, kwaye ekwasetyenziswa kwisigama sase-Andalusi, phakathi kwazo ezikhankanyiweyo:
Idrama ye-troubadour: Abantwana bakaMalume uTronera: Sainete. Umbhali: Antonio Garcia Gutierrez
Umchebi, umdlalo weThe troubadour. Umbhali: Antonio Garcia Gutierrez
Umthengisi weencwadi: Uthando lwamagqwirha. Umbhali Gregorio Martinez Sierra
Umthengisi weencwadi: Ubomi obufutshane (iopera). Umbhali: uCarlos Fernandez-Shaw
Entremés: Unqwenela ukulwa. Ababhali: Álvarez Quintero Brothers
Ukuhanjiswa kwejografi kweempawu zayo
Ngokolwazi lwethu, ulwimi lwe-Andalusi luneempawu zefonetiki kunye ne-phonological, ezisasazwa ngokwelizwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngesi sizathu, sibona ubuninzi bezi mpawu zikhoyo kwezinye izizwe zolwimi lwaseSpanish olusuka eSpain.
Ukulingana konobumba “l” kunye no “r” implosives
Lo mba wokulinganisa phakathi kweeleta ezibonisiweyo uqhelekile ukuba zenzeke kwindawo enkulu ye-Andalusian. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezithile, ukutshintshwa kweleta "r" ngonobumba "l" kugcinwa, olu hlobo lolwimi luhlala luphindaphinda kwiRiphabhliki yaseDominican, ePuerto Rico naseCuba.
Banokuboniswa njengomzekelo kwii-dictions zabo: umzimba, endaweni yokuthi umzimba, okanye i-saltén, endaweni yokuthetha i-pan yokuqhotsa. Ngokunjalo, kwenzeka kwezinye iinguqulelo ngendlela egqithileyo ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, nangona kunjalo, la mabinzana abonwa njengento engabalulekanga kangako.
Ukulingana kwezandi zoonobumba “s” kunye no-“θ” wokuqala okanye we-intervocalic
Ngokuchasene nokuxabisa okuqhelekileyo kwe-lisp njengento yabalimi, kukho umlinganiselo omhle wabemi base-Andalusia abanomlinganiselo omhle we-lisp. Ukuba yiMalaga, isixeko esikwindawo yesibini njengesona sikhulu eAndalusia, sigcina umlinganiselo olungileyo wabantu abavakalisa izimvo zabo ngemilomo.
Kodwa i-sese enonobumba "s" luphawu lweendawo ezithile ezikufutshane ezaziwa ngokuba yiLa Caleta okanye i-El Palo, kwaye ukwehla kwe-lips kuthanda umahluko, nokuba kungenxa yempembelelo yabaphambukeli abavela kwimimandla engeyo-lips.
Isixeko sase-Jerez de la Frontera sinoxinano oluphezulu lwabemi ngaphakathi kwiphondo, ibe sesona sinee-lips ezininzi, nangona kunjalo, kukho ubungqina bokwanda okulungileyo kwabo bathethayo abane-seseo; ngelixa i-lisp iqhubeka nokuphumelela.
Ngokuchaseneyo, kwinto eyenzekayo kwikomkhulu lephondo laseCádiz, indawo apho i-seseo iphumelela khona, nangona inandipha impembelelo enkulu kwabanye oomasipala bephondo abaneempawu eziqinileyo ze-lisping. U-Huelva umele ukuba wayibona impembelelo yabo bafika kunye ne-seseante Andévalo, kunye nabantu abaninzi, abangaqhelekanga baseAndalusia, abafika kumaxesha akutshanje. Ngaphandle kwale nyani, i-lisp isahamba ngamandla kwesi sixeko.
Kukwakho nezinye izixeko zeAndalusia, ezinendlela yokusombulula i-lisp kuninzi lwesininzi: Marbella, Dos Hermanas, Puerto Real, Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Utrera, Algeciras, San Fernando, Chiclana de la Frontera, El Puerto de ISanta María, iVélez-Málaga, okanye i-El Ejido.
Phakathi kwezixeko zaseAndalusia apho iSeseo ixhaphakile zezi: Cádiz, Seville kunye neCórdoba. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba eCádiz, njengaseSeville, i-predorsal letter "s" isetyenzisiwe, nangona eCórdoba i-coronal letter flat isetyenzisiweyo, ichaza iindidi ezimbini ze-seseo yase-Andalusi, ekhoyo kwizixeko ezithathu.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-seseo inkulu e-El Andévalo okanye e-El Campo de Andévalo, e-Huelva, eSierra Norte de Sevilla, kunye nesixeko saseSeville ngokwayo, kunye nenxalenye enkulu yommandla we-metropolitan ngenxa ye-predominance yangoku ye-capital.
Ngokunjalo, yenzeka kwimimandla yeAlta kunye neBaja Campiña yaseCórdoba, kunye neLa Subbética ekumazantsi mpuma wephondo laseCórdoba.
Ngokukwanjalo, kwiLlanos de Antequera, ebekwe emantla ephondo laseMalaga, i-seseo iyaphumelela, nangona kukho ubukho be-ceceo ngaxeshanye, ngokwengingqi kunye nendlela abantu abathetha ngayo. I-seseo phenomenon yaziswa kumntla-ntshona wephondo laseGranada, kwimimandla esentshona kunye neGuadalquivir Valley kwiphondo laseJaén, kwaye ngendlela esemthethweni e-Almería.
Ngoku, kunikwe konke okuthethwayo malunga neziganeko ze-lisping kunye ne-seseo, akunakutsho ukuba nayiphi na iphuma kwinxalenye esentshona, kwaye enye isuka kwicala elingasempuma, njengoko inokuqinisekiswa kwimephu.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba kukho imimandla eAndalusia, apho umahluko phakathi koonobumba "s" kunye no "θ" usenzeka, ngenxa yongenelelo lweelwimi zendaleko ezikhoyo phakathi kolwimi lwaseAndalusi kunye nesiCastilian. Ukongeza, kukho amanani abantu baseAndalusi abahlula unobumba "s" kunye no "θ", ngenxa yediglossia eveliswe yinkqubo yoqeqesho yemfundo esemthethweni esekwe kuwo wonke loo mmandla.
Ngoku, sithetha ngeseo, iyenzeka nakwiindawo ezithile kwiNgingqi yaseMurcia, eCastilla-La Mancha nase-Extremadura, uluntu oluzimeleyo lwaseSpain. Kanye nakwingingqi yaseCartagena ezizimeleyo zoluntu lwengingqi yaseMurcia, nakwi-Extremadura, le nto ifunyenwe, kwezinye iindawo ezikufutshane nemida yesiPutukezi naseFuente del Maestre.
Into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ceceo, ikwadumile eMalpartida de Plasencia, idolophu yaseSpain kunye nomasipala, kwiphondo laseCáceres, uluntu oluzimeleyo lwase-Extremadura. Kuya kwaziwa ukuba i-canary seseo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo ze-Hispano-American, zibonwa njengelona lisp lilinganiselweyo laseMelika. Imvelaphi yayo izalwe kwipatheni yokungahluli kweeleta "s" kunye ne "θ" ezikhule kwisixeko saseAndalusia.
Ukulahleka kwe-intervocalic kunye nonobumba wokuqala "d"
Le nto yenzeka kuwo wonke ummandla we-Andalusia, ngokufanayo, ixhaphake kulo lonke elaseLa Mancha nase-Extremadura, nakwiindawo ezithile eCantabria. Ukuwohloka okubangelwa kwileta ethi "d" xa kusenziwa izichazi kunye nezichazi ezandulelwayo, ngokwesimamva esisetyenzisiweyo, umzekelo: "ado", iqhelekile kulo lonke elase-Iberia Peninsula, apho ukunyamalala kwenzeka kwezinye iimeko ezithile.
Ukulahleka koonobumba bokugqibela "r", "l" kunye "d"
Esi siganeko sihlala sisenzeka kuwo wonke ummandla wolwimi lwezizwana, ukunyamalala koonobumba "d" ekugqibeleni, yinto eqhelekileyo kuninzi lwendawo yaseSpain. Kwezinye iindawo oonobumba “r” kunye no-“l” badityaniswa kunobumba “l” endaweni yokuba balahlwe.
Emva kokulahleka kweleta "l" okanye "r", i-vowel ivuleke ngakumbi, igxininise kakhulu kwi-Eastern Andalusia.
Ukubizwa koonobumba "tf" njenge-fricative
Ngokuphathelele ukubizwa kwe-fricative yoonobumba "tf", basenomgca oyekwayo, obonakalayo kumaphondo eCádiz, eSeville naseMálaga nase-El Llanito, kwisibini kwisithathu sommandla osemazantsi weGranada, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kwiphondo emazantsi eAlmería. Kwizixeko zaseHuelva, eCórdoba naseJaén, ukusetyenziswa kwesi bizo-magama kusikelwe ubukhulu becala kwimimandla ethile ethile.
Ngokukodwa kwiLatin America, unobumba "f" njengokuphunyezwa kwefowuni "tf" ivela kumazwe asempuma afana neCuba, iRiphabhlikhi yaseDominican, eChile, emantla eMexico nasePanama.
Ukwenziwa kwegama elithi “h” kwifowuni “x”
Ngokuphathelele ukwahluka kweelwimi kunye nokwahluka kweelwimi, ukubizwa kwefowuni “x”, edla ngokumelwa ngoonobumba “j” kunye no “g”, phambi kwezikhamiso “e” “i”, ezinje ngo “h”, zenzeka kuwo wonke ummandla. yaseNtshona Andalusia.
Oku kungene kumaphondo amathathu asempuma, kumnqamlezo othelekelelwayo: kumntla-ntshona kumzantsi-ntshona, onyamalalayo kumkhondo ocingelwayo womgca, ovumelana ubukhulu becala nommandla wokwahlula phakathi koonobumba "s" kunye no "z", ebonwayo. kumbindi osemzantsi-ntshona wesixeko saseGranada, kwintshona yeAlmería nakwimimandla ethile yaseJaén.
Kummandla we-Jaén, isiphumo esichasene ne-aspiration senzeka, xa bebiza unobumba "j" njenge-consonant echaziweyo kunye nesandi se-consonantal "x", sisandi esifana nokugquma.
I-Andalusian kumculo odumileyo
Umculo waseAndalusi wadlala indima enkulu ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, eyaziwa ngokuba yiGolden Age yoMculo waseSpain. Akukho nanye imimandla yehlabathi enelifa lomculo eyohlukeneyo netyebileyo njengaleyo yaseAndalusia.
Isixeko saseAndalusia, ukusukela kwimvelaphi yembali yaso, eyona nto iyinyani kunye neyodwa yomculo, eyimveliso yomxube wesingqisho, iingoma, imidaniso, imidaniso kunye nezixhobo zabo zomculo, ezivela kwiidolophu ezahlukeneyo kunye nesetingi yembali ehlala nayo. ulwimi lwabo lwantlandlolo lwaseAndalusi.
I-Andalusian inamandla okusebenzisa njengenxalenye yomculo wakhe iingoma ezenza uhlobo lwe-flamenco, kunye nomculo othandwayo wase-Andalusi ovela kwelinye icandelo.
Umbhali u-Antonio Martín Moreno, ubonisa ngokucacileyo kumsebenzi wakhe othi "Demófilo", El folk-lore andaluz, ukususela ngonyaka we-1883, i-flamenco kunye nomculo we-Andalusi. Ngokufanayo, kumsebenzi wakhe weMbali yomculo we-Andalusi, uxela ngeentsalela ze-Middle Paleolithic, apho kukho amathambo aqingqiweyo okanye i-radederas, izixhobo zokukrazula, ezihamba kunye nokubetha komculo kunye nesigama sakhe sokuqala sase-Andalusi.
Ngokunjalo, iqela elidumileyo lomculo we-rock yaseSpain elasekwa ngo-1986 "Musa ukundinyathela kuba ndinxibe iiflops" ekuqaleni kuka-1990, lapapasha "i-Agropó Dictionary", equlathe ifomathi ehlekisayo, amabinzana, amagama. kunye namabinzana entsusa yesiAndalusi, nayo enegrama eqhelekileyo kunye nopelo, kwaye kamva yaguqulelwa kwiSpanish esisesikweni.
Kubaluleke ngokufanayo ukwazisa abantu malunga nohlobo lwe-Andalusian rock, njengophawu lokuqala lomculo kunye nenkcubeko, ezinikele ekuphandeni nasekuhlaziyeni i-Andalusian genesis kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-dialect yase-Andalusi, phakathi kwayo yi-Medina Azahara, Triana, Mosque. , kunye nabanye abaninzi.
Abantu base-Andalusi baziva bemiliselwe kwinkcubeko yabo yonke imihla, ngoko kuyaphawulwa ukuba amaqela omculo ase-Andalusi avela yonke imihla, athatha isigqibo sokudala iimveliso zabo zomculo ngokusekelwe kulwimi lwase-Andalusi.
La maqela aquka: Chambao, Los Delinqüentes, Mojinos Escozíos, Jesusly, O'funk'illo, Er Koala, Hora Zulu, El Lunatico, El Barrio, SFDK, Ojos de Brujo kunye neCanteca de Macao, Abocajarro okanye Triple XXX.
Kunye nokudalwa kweqela le-Fundación de Raperos Atípicos de Cádiz, kunye nengoma emnandi ethi "Ihlelo leMvelaphi"
Kwakhona ingcali yaseCatalan egama linguJaime Pahissa, xa ithetha ngeempawu zomculo waseSpain, iqinisekisa ukuba ezi, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, zifana nomculo othandwayo waseAndalusi.
Ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-puellae gaditanae de las Gades, ebhekisela kumdaniso odumileyo, kwaye kude kube ngabameli bokugqibela be-romanticism yomculo ka-Albeniz, uFalla noTurina, kuzo zonke ezi zinto bezisoloko zikhona ukususela ekukhawulweni kwayo, abantu baseAndalusi. zibekho kwaye zibonisa imvelaphi yazo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.
Imbali yolwimi lwase-Andalusian
Ibalisa ibali lentetho ye-Andalusian, eyazalwa njengenguqu eqhelekileyo yolwimi oluziswa ngamaCastilian athimba kwaye ahlala kwintlambo yaseGuadalquivir, ukusuka eJaén ukuya eCádiz, ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Kwandula ke, ngowe-1942, kanye xa ooKumkani bamaKatolika baluphelisayo ulawulo lwaseGranada, ulwimi lwesiCastilian lwasasazeka kuwo wonke lo mmandla, kuquka ukusuka eSeville, eCádiz okanye eCórdoba, yaye ngelo xesha iimpawu ezithile zaphawulwa ngokukhethekileyo kwiseo, lisp.
Ukusuka apha, isimbo solwimi sasekwa kwinxalenye enkulu yentsimi, ukuya eNtshona naseMpuma, eyayiza kuqhubeka kwiindawo ezininzi, ngokungafaniyo neCastilian yaseToledo, iValladolid okanye iBurgos.
Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, amaxesha apho indlela yolwimi lwase-Andalusi yachazwa ngokuqinisekileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba amandla ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo kunye nezenkcubeko abonwa nguSeville ngelo xesha, awamkelwa ngabantu baseAndalusi, uhlobo lolwimi olwahlukileyo , ithande ukudityaniswa kwayo eAndalusia.
Omnye umba ongenelelayo kulwimi lwesi-Andalusi kukude kweendawo ezithile zejografi, ezinje ngeSierra Morena, leyo, njengezithethe zolwimi ezisuka eToledo okanye eMadrid, yathanda ukugcinwa kwentshayelelo entsonkothileyo eAndalusia iminyaka emininzi.
Ulwazi lokuqala malunga nokwahlulwa kolwimi lwase-Andalusi luvela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu, kula maxesha, kukho imibhalo yoluhlu oluhlukeneyo njenge: imbongo kunye nezomthetho, ngopelo olungalunganga olwabonisa ubukho beseo-ukupheliswa, ukulingana kwezandi zakudala ezifuziselayo. ngokuthi : “ce , ci , ç , z , kunye no ss , s”. Kanye njengoko kukho imiqondiso apho ama-Andalusi abonwa ngendlela yawo yokuzibonakalisa.
Yonke le nkcazelo iye yanda ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ngokukodwa ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane, yaye ebudeni benkulungwane ye-XNUMX, xa iingcali eziliqela ezinjengeengcali zomgaqo-ntetho nababhali zakhankanya izihlandlo ezininzi indlela yokuthetha eziye zayithetha eAndalusia, eyayifaneleka njengeyahlukileyo, nezazinzulu. injongo yokumgxeka, nangona kunjalo, ukugxekwa okulungileyo kwakukho.
Isiganeko esikhankanywe ngokusisigxina saziwa ngokuba yi-seseo-ceceo, ethi ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX yongeze ukubizwa okunqwenelekayo koonobumba "ge, gi, j", ngokweentsomi ezahlukeneyo zamagama aqwalaselwa ngaphakathi kulwimi lwaseAndalusi.
Ukusukela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, kucingelwa ukuba umxholo wolwimi lwase-Andalusia ungaphantse ufane, nangona kunjalo, uncwadi lwengingqi lwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kunye nokukhula kolwimi olukhoyo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, alunalwazi luninzi.
Ngoko ke, ngenxa yesi sizathu, inkolelo yokuba isiqalo solwimi lwe-Andalusi okanye intetho luyimveliso yokungenelela kwezinye iilwimi. Oku kunengcaciso, okokuqala, kuba zonke iimpawu zolwimi lwase-Andalusi, kwimvelaphi kunye nokuzala, zingena kwimbali yeSpanishi esemthethweni.
Kwinkalo yesibini, kunokuthiwa, ngenxa yokuba ukusebenza okuthembekileyo akunakwenzeka: isiLatini saseHispalis okanye iCorduba, eqhubeka nokuthandana kweMeditera Mozarabs, yacinezelwa kwi-al-Andalus kuyo yonke inkulungwane ye-XNUMX, inkulungwane. phambi kotyelelo lwamaCastilian ngolwimi lwabo; eshiya Arab ilityalwe ukuba abaphantsi yesibini Christian Andalusia ukusuka kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithathu ukuya kweyeshumi elinesihlanu, ngenxa yokugxothwa inxalenye enkulu yabemi Muslim, emva kokoyisa.
Ubukho balaba, kunye nokungenelela kwabo, bashiya iCastilian eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Andalusian", kwaye ekugqibeleni, amazwi amagypsies, afika kwisixeko saseAndalusia ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu, eshiya amagama ambalwa, ezinye zinomtsalane..
Ngokwembali, intetho ye-Andalusi ithathwa ngokusemthethweni, njengolwimi lwesiCastilian, kuba kuthiwa yimveliso yolwimi lwenkqubo yembali yokuqhekeka kolwimi, ngokuba kuzo zonke iintetho ezikhoyo kwi-peninsula, ulwimi lwase-Andalusi kuphela ezahlukahlukeneyo zephondo. ingeyiyo eyokuqala okanye eyothando.
Ibhekisela kwinkqubela phambili efanelekileyo yeCastilian, eyaziswa kwimimandla yaseAndalusi ngamakholoni kunye nabahlali abavela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithathu. Ulwimi lwesi-Andalusi lugqunywe kwindlela yolwimi lwengingqi abathetha iSpanishi.
Ulwimi lwase-Andalusian namhlanje
Okwangoku, bambalwa abaphengululi abaziingcali kulo mbandela abanobuganga bokuveza ngokuphandle iingcinga malunga neAndalusian, ekubhekiselwa kuyo njengentetho yesiCastilian Spanish. Yonke into eyenzekayo ngenxa yokubaluleka okukhulu kwe-Andalusian ekutywinweni kwayo njengento engaphantsi phambi kweCastilian, eyenza ikhonkco phakathi kwezi zibini zibe nzima.
Kukho uluvo oluqhelekileyo malunga ne-Andalusian, okwangoku eyaziwa njengolwimi oluthethwa kakubi, kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwaye kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi eziguquguqukayo, ukuze ulwimi lwase-Andalusi luvela kwi-Castilian Spanish kwaye aluveli kulwimi lwakudala lommandla.
Kunokugqitywa ukuba e-Andalusia, uluhlu lwe-lexical olucacileyo luyazingisa, kodwa, ubukhulu becala, sisigama samandulo, esingaziwayo ngabantu abaninzi kulo mmandla. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuba abahlali kulo mmandla okanye ngenxa yemeko-bume yentlalo, okanye ngenxa yokuba bengacwiliselwa kwindawo yemveli neyasemaphandleni.
Nangona kunjalo, ukucacisa ngakumbi malunga nembali okanye imvelaphi yolu lwimi, umntu kufuneka ajonge amaxesha abizwa ngokuba yiAndalusian, apho isiArabhu esiqhelekileyo esithethwa eAl-Andalus siqhubela phambili de kwafikelela kulwimi lwaseAlyamia, olo lwavakaliswa ngabantu. ka-Al-Andalus, ababengazalani nabantu bokuzalwa okuphezulu ababelawula ngelo xesha. Kulwimi lwase-Alyamia, unokufumana umkhondo owaneleyo okwangoku obalaseleyo wama-Andalusi.
Ekugqibeleni, izithethi ezininzi zase-Andalusi zisebenzisa amagama avela kwinkcubeko yazo ukuba zivakalise ukuba zisasebenza kwi-dialect yase-Andalusi, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukuphikisana, kwaye bakwenza ngokukhululekileyo.
Iimfuno zolwimi lwe-Andalusian
Olu lwimi lwesiAndalusi lujikelezwe ziimeko ezinomdla, ezinje ngokuba uluhlu lwegrama ezibhekiselele "kulwimi lwase-Andalusi" zilungiswe kwimbali yayo yonke, ngenjongo yokukhusela nokugcina ukwahlukana kwayo, kunye nokuphepha ukuxutywa kwayo neSpanishi, nangona kunjalo. , abazange baphumelele ekuvunyweni ngokusemthethweni.
Ukuba yigrama yokugqibela echazwe, ngexesha leSibini iRiphabhlikhi yaseSpain, kwaye ithathelwe imvume phambi kweCortes, kwinkampani ye-Autonomous Statute ye-Andalusia, engazange iphunyezwe ngenxa yokungenelela kweMfazwe yaseSpain.
Ubungqina: EAndalusia abantu abathethi ngendlela efanayo
Njengoko sigxininise, e-Andalusia ayithethi ngendlela efanayo, inxalenye enkulu ye-dialect yase-Andalusi ikhona kwiindawo ezithile, ngelixa ezinye zingabonakali.
Isizathu sokuba i-lisp inokuba ngumzekelo, exhaphake kuninzi lwamaphondo aseSeville, eHuelva, eCádiz, naseMálaga, eCórdoba, eJaén, eGranada, ngelixa eAlmería i-seseo iphambili. Ngokufanayo, umnqweno weleta "j", kunye nokuchazwa kwe-africate yeleta "ch" zizinto ezithile ze-Andalusia, kwaye aziziwa eNtshona.
Indlela yolwimi lwase-Andalusi, ekwabizwa ngokuba lulwimi lwesi-Andalusi, okanye ngokulula isiAndalusi, luhlobo lweSpanish olubonakaliswa kwisixeko saseAndalusia, esikumazantsi eSpain. Izithethi zale modi zineempawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, ezithi kunye nenani labo elikhulu zibavumela ukuba babe phakathi kwezona ntlobo zibalulekileyo zolwimi.