Amasele azii-amphibians ezidumileyo kwihlabathi, enyanisweni, ezi zilwanyana zinomdla zinokufunyanwa phantse naphi na emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, akukho lwazi luchanekileyo malunga nokutya okutyiwa zezi zilwanyana. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nezi zilwanyana zaselwandle zinomdla kwaye ufumanise ukuba Yintoni etyiwa ngamasele, ungalibazisi okomzuzwana ukuqhubeka ufunda eli nqaku libalaseleyo.
Atya ntoni amasele?
Amasele, njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, luhlobo lwezilwanyana ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini, ngokukodwa ii-anuran amphibians, zona zingamalungu osapho lakwaRanidae. Zizilwanyana ezinokuthi zifumaneke naphi na kwihlabathi, nangona kunjalo, zixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-Eurasia epholileyo, ukuya kwi-Indochina. Kwakhona, zizilwanyana ezihlala emhlabeni nasemanzini ezidla ngokutya iindidi ezininzi zezinambuzane; Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokutya kwakho, ungalibazisi ukuqhubeka ufunda eli nqaku lonke.
Ahlala phi amasele?
Amasele aqhelekile ukuhlala kwindawo yasemanzini nasemhlabeni, nangona aya kuhlala esemanzini ngexesha lokuzala kwawo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeentlobo zesele, ezithi kwangaxeshanye zihlulwe zibe ziintsapho ezingama-54 ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kwazo sinokufumana imizekelo enetyhefu, kunye nemizekelo yemibala eyahlukeneyo, ubukhulu kunye nemikhwa eyahluke kakhulu.
Enye yeempawu zayo eziphambili kukubonisa ulusu oluncinci kwaye kuninzi lweesampulu, olugudileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ukongeza, banemilenze ebhetyebhetye kwaye eyomeleleyo abanokuthi ngayo bahambe ngokulula ngokutsiba, kwaye banamehlo amabini amakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nomzimba wabo omncinci. Njengenyaniso enomdla, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amasele ngokwenene aphefumla ngolusu lwawo.
Ngoku, ezi zilwanyana zintle zine-vertebrate amphibians zinokufumaneka naphi na emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwezona ndawo zininzi ze-arctic kunye ne-Antarctic, kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo kwilizwekazi laseAfrika, ngakumbi iindawo eziyintlango. Uninzi lweentlobo zamasele luthanda kakhulu ukuhlala kwiindawo ezifumileyo kufutshane nemilambo, imigxobhozo, okanye namachibi, singasathethi ke ngezinye iindawo ezinemithombo yamanzi ethe rhoqo. Ukongeza koku, amasele akwathanda ukuhlala kwiindawo ezinotyani obuninzi kakhulu anokuthi azifihle ngazo amaxesha amaninzi.
Zitya ntoni iitadi?
Phambi kokuba amasele ekugqibeleni abe ngabantu abadala, adlula kwinqanaba elibizwa ngokuba “linqanaba letadpole”. Ebudeni beli nqanaba lilonke, amasele akanalo uninzi lweempawu zawo ezibonakalayo, njengemilenze yawo; nazo, ezi tadpole zincinci zinemisila kwaye kufuneka zibesemanzini kuphela.
Ngeli nqanaba lobomi babo, i-tadpoles ikakhulu zizilwanyana ezitya utyani, ngenxa yesi sizathu, zondla kuphela kwii-algae ezahlukeneyo ezinokuzifumana emanzini. Nangona kunjalo, banokuzondla kwi-debris okanye i-debris, ngokuqinisekileyo, oku kuya kwenzeka okoko nje bedada kufutshane kakhulu kwindawo yabo. Ngombulelo koku kutyisa, i-tadpoles inokubonelelwa ngedama kunye nesipinatshi esityumkileyo okanye i-lettuce.
Ngaphandle kokutya kwabo i-herbivorous ekuqaleni kobomi babo, ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokukhula kwawo, amasele aqala ukufumana ukutya kwe-omnivorous. Amasele amancinci nawo aqhubeka edla imifuno, ngoko ke i-algae enokuthi ingene emanzini iyaqhubeka iyingxenye ebalulekileyo yokutya kwabo konke; Kolu kutya kufuneka songeze izinambuzane ezifana neempukane kunye nemibungu yezinye iindidi zezilwanyana. Ngoku, ukuba unamasele amancinci okanye tadpoles, unganikezela ngaphandle kwengxaki, izikali zeentlanzi ezityumkileyo okanye imibungu ebomvu ephantsi.
Ngaba amaSele ziiOmnivores?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo ngu-ewe, ekubeni ukondla onke amasele kwinqanaba labantu abadala li-omnivorous, oko kukuthi, banokutya kwizilwanyana ezincinci kakhulu, kunye nezityalo. Noko ke, inyaniso yeyokuba amasele asele ekhulile atya izityalo ngempazamo, ekubeni isaziwa into yokuba amasele azingela izilwanyana ngokwemvelo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba iqwalaselwe kukuba ukutya okukhethekileyo kwesele ngalinye kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwiintlobo ezikuzo, kunye nokwahluka kweentlobo zezilwanyana kwindawo yazo yendalo.
Kwakhona, nangona amasele azizidalwa eziphilayo ezihlala emanzini ekufuneka adibane rhoqo nendawo ehlala emanzini ukuze aphile ngokufanelekileyo, uninzi lwezilwanyana ezitya kuzo zisemhlabeni ngokupheleleyo. Ukuthathela ingqalelo oku, amasele atya kakhulu ooqongqothwane, izinambuzane zeHymeniotera, oko kukuthi, iimbovane, oonomeva, iinyosi, phakathi kwabanye; i-lepidoptera ezahlukeneyo ezifana namabhabhathane okanye amanundu, izigcawu, kunye ne-diptera efana neemidges, iimpukane kunye neempukane.
Ezi zilwanyana zikhankanyiweyo kuphela malunga nezinambuzane ezahlukeneyo ezitya kuzo, kuba amasele nawo adla ngokutya iintlanzi ezincinci, iintshulube kunye neenkumba. Enyanisweni, amasele amakhulu angadla ngokutya kwamanye amasele amancinci, kwaye anokuzingela iintaka ezincinci kakhulu.
Ewe, ngokucacileyo amasele awanawo amazinyo okuzingela okanye okutyumza ixhoba lawo, oku kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuba angalibamba njani aliqwenge ixhoba lawo? Ewe, indlela esetyenziswa zezi zilwanyana zaselwandle ilula kakhulu: Zilinda ngomonde zifihlakele kwizityalo ezininzi ezikwiindawo ezihlala kuzo, emva kokuba ixhoba lisondele ngokwaneleyo kuzo, ziyaxhuma ngokumangalisayo kwaye zilibambe ngemilomo yazo.
Emva kwako konke oku, kufuneka bawadle ngokupheleleyo amaxhoba abo ngaphandle kokuwahlafuna, ekubeni ezi zilwanyana zingenanto yokwenza; Ukuze azincede, amasele aqalisa ukunyanzela iintloko zawo, konke oko enenjongo yokuba ngokuthe ngcembe ixhoba lidlavulwe, sisizathu esibangela ukuba amehlo awo abonakale anda ngakumbi xa esitya.
Nangona kunjalo, kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba ukutya kwamasele kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwiintlobo ezihlala kuzo, kuba, ngokomzekelo, kukho iintlobo ezithile zamasele ezinokuhlala phantsi kwamanzi kuphela. Ngoku, uninzi lwala masele ahlala emanzini adla ngokutya kwiintlanzi ezincinci kakhulu, eminye imibungu yezinambuzane ezahlukahlukeneyo ezihlala ngaphantsi kwamanzi, imisundululu, kwaye namaxesha amaninzi, zinokutya ngaphandle kwengxaki kumaqanda amanye amasele.
Kuzo zonke iindidi zamasele asemanzini akhoyo, amaninzi aziwa ngokuba zizilo-qabane ezingaqhelekanga. Phakathi kwezi singafumana isele laseAfrika elineziphoso, okanye elaziwa ngegama lalo lezenzululwazi njengeXenopus laevis, kunye nenguqulelo yalo yealbino rhoqo. La masele akhethekileyo kwaye mahle asuka kwilizwekazi laseAfrika kwaye akhetha ukuhlala kakhulu kwindawo ezinodaka phantsi kwamanzi.
Ngoku, ukutya okuthwalwa ngala masele ealbhino kuyafana nokwezinye iindidi zamasele ahlala emanzini, oko kukuthi, ukutya kwawo ngokusisiseko kubunjwe: Intlanzi encinane kakhulu, imibungu yezinambuzane, imisundululu, izinambuzane, ubulembu obuthile, nkqu, kwezinye. ngamaxesha anokutya kwiimolluscs zasemanzini.
Atya ntoni amasele ase-aquarium?
Njengoko ubona kulo lonke eli nqaku, iinketho eziveziweyo zezo zonke ezo masele ahlala kwindalo. Yonke into esele ikhankanyiwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iphendula kwinto etyiwa ngamasele echibini, ke, emva koko uya kukwazi ukufunda ngokweenkcukacha ukuba atya ntoni amasele ahlala kwi-aquariums.
Okokuqala, akukho gqirha wezilwanyana okanye ingcali yebhayoloji iyakucebisa ukuba ube nesele njengesilwanyana sasekhaya, kuba ezi zilwanyana zihlala kunzima ukuzikhathalela, zinike ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo eziludingayo kwaye uzinike ukutya okunokwahluka njengaleyo. banokuzifumana ngaphandle kweengxaki kwindalo. Ukongeza, kongezwe koku, uninzi lwezi ntlobo zamasele namhlanje zisengozini enkulu yokuphela, ngoko akucebisi konke konke ukukhupha elinye lala masele ukuze nje libe nalo endlwini yakho; Singasathethi ke ukuba esi senzo asiyi kuba semthethweni ngokupheleleyo kuphela, kodwa siya kuchaphazela kakhulu inkqubo yendalo ebihlala kuyo ngaphambili.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo oku, kwimeko yokuba sele unayo isele endlwini yakho, ukondla kwesele yasekhaya kuya kuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo, njengawo onke amasele, kwiintlobo ezikuyo; nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle koku, kuya kufuneka ukuba uyinike isixa esikhulu seprotheni. Kuninzi lweevenkile ezithengisa izilwanyana zasekhaya unokufumana lula ukutya kwentlanzi, kunye neentlanzi ezincinci ezahlukeneyo, imibungu okanye iintshulube. Ukutya okunika isele lakho ekugqibeleni kufuneka kunyamalale ngokukhawuleza emanzini, ukuze uphephe ukungcolisa amanzi kwitanki yalo.
Ngokuphathelele ukuphindaphinda kokutya kwayo, kuya kuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo kwiintlobo zayo kunye nobukhulu bayo. Uvavanyo olukhulu onokuthi ulufakele kukushiya isixa esilungileyo sokutya kwaye ujonge ngononophelo olukhulu ukuba isele lakho linokukhawuleza kangakanani na ukukwetyisa konke, oku kuya kukunika uqikelelo olulungileyo lwemiyinge ofanele ukuyondla ngayo.
Atya ntoni amasele aluhlaza?
Amasele aluhlaza aqhelekileyo, okanye aziwa phantsi kwegama lawo lezenzululwazi i-Pelophylax perezi, luhlobo lwamasele ahlala ekhona asuka kumazantsi e-France nakwi-Iberian Peninsula. Mhlawumbi la ngawona masele adumileyo akhoyo, kwaye iimpawu zembonakalo yawo zezokuba anobungakanani obuphakathi kweesentimitha ezisibhozo kunye neshumi elinanye, ukongeza ekuboniseni umbala oluhlaza kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo zomnyama okanye omdaka.
Ukutya kwala masele akuzange kutshintshe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nobuninzi bezilwanyana ezihlala emanzini. Ubukhulu becala, oku kutyisa kusekelwe kwi-algae abanokuyifumana emanzini nakwinkunkuma yeetadi; kwelinye icala, amasele aluhlaza akhulileyo anokutya ngaphandle kwengxaki kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinambuzane, iintshulube, iintlanzi ezincinci, kwaye zinokuqwenga iintaka ezincinci kakhulu. Kwaye njengezinye iindidi ezininzi zamasele, ukusetyenziswa kwako nakuphi na ukutya kwezityalo kuyimpazamo, kuba ngokuqhelekileyo la masele athanda ukubhidanisa ezinye izityalo kunye nezinambuzane okanye azitye ngexesha elinye xa ezingela isilwanyana esithile.
Kwaye atya ntoni amaxoxo?
Amasele adla ngokubhidaniswa namasele, nangona kunjalo, inyaniso kukuba ezi ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana, ngoko ke, kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba ukutya kwabo kunomahluko ophawulekayo. Ngaphandle koku, eneneni umahluko abanawo malunga nokutya kwabo uncinci, kuba amaxoxo nawo athambekele ekutyeni amacilikishe, ezinye izinambuzane kunye neentshulube, phakathi kwezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana. Ngoku, owona mahluko uphawuleka kakhulu phakathi kwamasele kunye namasele, yinto yokuba ngokungafaniyo namasele athathwa njengezilwanyana ezidla inyama, amaxoxo adla inyama ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi ngazo zonke izilwanyana ezikhoyo kuwo wonke umhlaba, musa ukucinga okomzuzwana malunga nokuhamba ungakhange uqale ufunde la manqaku mathathu amangalisayo unokuwabona ngezantsi:
Iintlobo zokuphefumla kwezilwanyana