Abazali kunye nabafundisi "abanamandla aphezulu" abantwana bahlala bezibuza ukuba bangabanceda njani baveze iitalente zabo.
Ngaba uAnna noMichele "ngabantwana abakrelekrele"? Baye baphuhlisa njani izakhono ezichazwe ngokulula? Makhe sibone amatyala abo.
uAnna kunye noMichele
UMichele yinkwenkwe eneminyaka eli-10 ubudala kwaye uneenyanga ezimbalwa ukufunda ipiyano. Umculo ubusoloko ungoyena mdlali amthandayo kwaye utitshala omlandelayo uxela ukuba inkqubela yakhe iyamangalisa ngokwenene xa kuthelekiswa nomndilili. Yenza imithambo kwisixhobo ibonakale incinci kakhulu kunesiqhelo.
UAnna ungaphezu kweminyaka emi-4 ubudala, kodwa abazali bakhe baye baqonda ukuba, ngokubukela nje udade wabo omdala ofunda kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi, uye wafunda ukulesa. Ukuzinikela ekufundeni kuyamhlekisa kakhulu, kuba amabali awafumana ezincwadini ayamtsala umdla kwaye avuse umdla wakhe. Kwanokuqwalasela imeko-bume yendalo, izityalo nezilwanyana zimenza afune ukwazi, yaye amaxesha amaninzi izinto azicingayo nemibuzo yakhe iyabamangalisa abantu abadala.
Bantwana unesiphiwo
Amantombazana kunye namakhwenkwe afana no-Anna noMichele, ngubani bonakalisa ubuchule obubalaseleyo kodwa obahluke kakhulu, zibonakaliswa ngamabinzana awahlukahlukeneyo, adla ngokubizwa ngokuncoma, ukukrwelela umgca ngaphantsi izakhono ezingaqhelekanga, «ngekhono eliphezulu lokuqonda». Bachazwa njengabantwana » unesiphiwo » okanye «abanesiphiwo», okanye abanobuchule, abanetalente, abantwana abakrelekrele kakhulu, ngaphambili, okungaqhelekanga, okugqwesileyo, ukuyila…
La magama adla ngokuba ngamabinzana aqhelekileyo kwaye angangqalenga ngqo okanye abhekisa kuphela kwimiba ethile, kodwa ejolise ekugxininiseni izakhono ezithile ezimele umngeni kootitshala nakubazali. Ezi ziphakamisa ingxaki yento echanekileyo yokwenza ukukhapha abantwana ekukhuleni okuqinisekisa impilo-ntle yabo ngokwasengqondweni kunye nokufezekiswa kwezakhono zabo.
ukunqongophala kwezixhobo
ESpeyin, ingqalelo kwiimfuno zemfundo zabantwana kunye nabaselula abanezakhono ezingaphezulu kwe-avareji, njengoko abaphengululi abajongene nayo baye babonisa ixesha elithile, ayiphelelanga kwaye inkqubo isekhona.
Inkcazo "yezakhono ezikhethekileyo"
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuzama ukucacisa amagama asetyenzisiweyo, ahlala aqhelekileyo kwaye angachanekanga. UCornoldi ukhumbula oku: “Ngokomzekelo, “Plus endowment” ligama eliqhelekileyo eliguqulela isiNgesi esilinganayo onikwe izipho kwaye kuthetha ukuba umntu ngandlel’ ithile unesiphiwo esingaqhelekanga.
Ngokomgaqo, yonke imiba ephathelele emntwini inokuthathwa njengokubonakaliswa kwesiphiwo: ubukrelekrele, ubugcisa, iimoto, njl.njl., kodwa, ngaphaya kokusetyenziswa kwemida ethile, sihlala sithetha ngesiphiwo ukubhekisa kubukrelekrele, italente kunye nobukrelekrele. ubuchule. Njengoko ndizamile ukubonisa kwizifundo zam, le miba mithathu eyahlukileyo kodwa inezinto ezifanayo”.
Abantwana abanesiphiwo: njani ukubaqaphela?
Masibone ngokulandelayo indlela yokuqonda nokwahlula iimpawu zabantwana abanesiphiwo.
Umntu obonisa izakhono ezithile, nangona kunjalo, azikhathazi ngokubanzi zonke iinkalo zokusebenza kwengqondo zingachazwa ngokuthi » onetalente «: isakhono esikhethekileyo esiqondiswe, umzekelo, kwi-mechanics, izakhono ezibonakalayo-zendawo okanye ukubala kunokubonisa italente, ukuba kwezinye iindawo okanye iindawo akukho zakhono ezithile okanye ukuba, ngokuchaseneyo, kukho ubuthathaka.
Ukucinga okwahlukileyo
Isakhono esimangalisayo sokudibanisa izinto ngeendlela ezintsha kwaye ngaphandle kweyona nto iqhelekileyo kwaye ibonakala isengqiqweni, kusetyenziswa oko kubizwa ngokuba "yingcinga eyahlukileyo", nangona kunjalo, yinto eqhelekileyo kubantu abazichaza ngokuthi " ubuchule».”. kukho ezinye abantu abanobuchule obuphezulu kakhulu bengqondo jikelele (Xa kuthethwa ngesiphiwo, kubhekiselwa ngokubanzi kule meko), ethi, njengoko imbali ifundisa, inokuthi, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ihlangane kwinto edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "genius".
Abanye abantwana kunye nabakwishumi elivisayo abanobuchule obuphezulu bobukrelekrele, ukuze bangakhulisi ukungakhuseleki kwabo kwaye bangakhutshelwa ngaphandle kwiqela loontanga, umzekelo esikolweni, kunqande ukuvela okanye ukuqaqambisa izakhono zabo. Kule meko, abanye abaphengululi baye bathetha "ngesiphiwo esingaphantsi komhlaba", esibonakaliswa bubuthathaka babo, ukuxhalaba kunye nokungazi kakuhle iitalente zabo.
Abantwana abanesiphiwo: uVavanyo kunye neZixhobo zoVavanyo
Enye yeempawu zamantombazana kunye namakhwenkwe anobuchule obuphezulu bobukrelekrele yinto yokuba babonisa izakhono ezibonakala zingaphezulu komndilili kwabo bakwiminyaka efanayo, kwaye lo mba uphinda ugxininiswe kwiimvavanyo ezisetyenziswa ziingcali. I-Precocity ayilophawu oluyimfuneko, kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko iyinto eqhelekileyo yesiphiwo kwaye sisiqalelo esivumela ukuba siyiqonde ngexesha.
Ukufumana umbono we-precocity eboniswe ngamakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana, Iingcali zisebenzisa amaphepha emibuzo eziwathumela kubazali. Ngokwendalo, uluhlu lwemibuzo sisiqalo nje sophononongo oluntsonkothileyo, oluhlala lubandakanya umlinganiselo wamakhono okuqonda, kunye novavanyo lwe-IQ, nangona kunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo alupheli uvavanyo. UCornoldi wongezelela esithi: “Olona vavanyo lobukrelekrele lunegunya luchane kakhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo luchane ngakumbi kunolunye uvavanyo lwezonyango esithembele kulo, yaye lunikela inkcazelo eluncedo nebalulekileyo.
Lumkela iimvavanyo zobuntlola
Ingxaki kukuqonda ukuba yeyiphi ingcaciso malunga nokungahambi ukusuka ekugqithiseni kokukhanyela ukunyaniseka kwayo ukuya kwisichasi sokuthembela kwinani ukuqonda umntu. Ukuthi ngqo, elona nani lifunyenwe kuvavanyo lobuntlola, i-IQ edumileyo, luqikelelo kunye nesalathiso sehlabathi seprofayile entsonkothileyo kakhulu.. Umzekelo, ayahluli phakathi kobukrelekrele jikelele kunye netalente, naphakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobukrelekrele. Kuphela yingcali enokunceda iintsapho ziqonde into efihliweyo emva kovavanyo olunzima lwengqondo kunye nokubamba imida yovavanyo oluthile».
umntu ngamnye wahlukile
Enye into ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka abafundisi-ntsapho nabazali bayigcine engqondweni yeyokuba akukho ndlela inye yokukhapha kunye nokuphucula izakhono okanye iitalente zabo bonke abantu. Le ngcaphephe ihlabela mgama isithi: “Kusenokubhida yaye mhlawumbi kude kucaphukise ukuxelelwa ukuba akukho mithetho iqhelekileyo yaye icebiso lifanele lenzelwe imeko yomntu ngamnye. Kodwa kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba wonke umntwana wahlukile kungekuphela nje kwiimpawu zabo ezinesiphiwo, kodwa nakwizo ezinxulumene nazo.
Umzekelo, nangona isiphiwo ngamanye amaxesha sikhatshwa bubuthathaka beemvakalelo kunye nobudlelwane, obubuye bavela kwezinye izifundo, akufanelekanga ukwenza ngokubanzi.
Azifani zonke
"Kuhlala kuthiwa - wongeza uCornoldi - ukuba abanesiphiwo babuthathaka kakhulu, njengezinto zeglasi ezintle ezinokuqhekeka zibe ziziqwenga eziliwaka, kodwa oku kukuzibaxa. Ngokomzekelo, uphando olukhulu kakhulu luye lwabonisa ukuba abo banesiphiwo sobukrelekrele, ngokomndilili, benza ngcono ngokwasemoyeni nasentlalweni kunabanye abantwana.
Oku akuthethi ukuba kunokubakho iimeko ezinobunzima obufuna ingqwalasela ethile, njengoko kusenzeka ngokomzekelo nabo banento ebizwa ngokuba » ukwahluka kabini ", Intoni badibanisa ingxaki ethile kunye nesiphiwonjengokufunda okuthile okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Inkomfa yakutshanje yeeyunivesiti iphakamise izikhokelo ezitsha zokukhapha ngcono indlela yala makhwenkwe namantombazana.
“Abalimi”, hayi “abakhi”
Njengoko besitshilo, azikho iindlela ezinokusebenza kuye wonke umntu. Ewe, kunokwenzeka ukunika abazali kunye nabafundisi iingcebiso eziqhelekileyo, ezinokufundwa ngakumbi ngoncedo lweengcali. "Ingcebiso esisiseko - ukhumbula uCesare Cornoldi - kukulima italente (kwaye uyithintele ekuhlangabezaneni nemiqobo ekusasazweni kwayo) ngokwengqiqo "yomgadi", ngaphandle kokunyanzeliswa okanye ukunyanzelisa uphuculo ngengqiqo "yomakhi", ukukhuthaza impilo-ntle yengqondo kunye nokuxhotyiswa kwetalente».
Isafobe "somgadi" kunye "nomakhi", owaziswa nguAlison Gopnik, uyachasa. iindlela ezimbini zemfundo Zisekelwe kwimigaqo eyahlukeneyo. Eyokuqala isekelwe ekukhuthazeni ukukhula ngokudala iimeko ezinokuthi zibonakaliswe phezulu., ukususa imiqobo kunye nokucebisa ukulungiswa okuncinci. Eyesibini ibonelela ngongenelelo ngoncedo olubonakalayo lukatitshala, ehlanganiswe ukunyusa iitalente eziboniswa ngamakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana ngezifundo ezikhethekileyo, ukufundwa kweendlela zobugcisa kunye nokunye okunjalo, ngaphandle kokulinda izicelo ezithile kulo mba.
Abantwana abanesiphiwo kunye neengxaki ekufuneka bajongane nazo
"Utata ongumakhi" udla ngokuphatha unyana okanye intombi yakhe njengomntu omdala omncinci, ekhetha ukubonisa ubuchule bakhe obukhethekileyo. Nangona idatha ethembekileyo nechanekileyo kwiziphumo zezitayile zobuzali ngokunxulumene neziphiwo zinqongophele, Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba isimo sengqondo somakhi sinokubangela ukuba abantwana bazive becinezelekile kakhulu, banciphise ukuzola kwabo kwaye, ngokubanzi, impilo yabo yengqondo. Ukongezelela, imodeli yomgcini-gadi ivumela ukunyanzeliswa kwezakhono ngaphandle kokubeka izithintelo ezibeka ingozi ekuthinteleni ukubonakaliswa kwazo ngendlela efanelekileyo kumntu ngamnye.
Phakathi kweengcebiso ezibhekiswa ziingcali kubazali bamantombazana namakhwenkwe akwizinga eliphezulu, kukwakho ne ingqalelo ukuphepha ukuthelekisa nabanye abantwana, gcina a incoko evulekileyo nekhoyo, kuphephe ukulindela ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye ungabadimazi abantwana. Kodwa, njengoko kugxininisiwe, umntu akufanele awele kuloyiko lokungabi "kwinqanaba" lobukrelekrele kunye namandla omntwana, kuba into yokuqala amantombazana kunye namakhwenkwe ayifunayo kukwazi ukuba banokuthembela kuthando kunye nenkxaso yomntwana. abazali babo.