Simema umfundi ukuba azi ilivo abalisa ngalo Intaba yemiphefumlo, isiganeko esenzeka ngobusuku obubhiyozelwa ngomhla wokufa. Libali apho uthando, ubumsulwa kunye nomzabalazo zibonwa. Inika umdla, ungayeki ukuyifunda.
INtaba yeMiphefumlo: Ukuhlanganiswa
I-El Monte de las Animas, lelinye lamabali enza ingqokelela kaGustavo Adolfo Bécquer, owaziwa ngokuba nguSoria. Intsomi ithi, kwenzeka ntoni kwinkwenkwe egama linguAlonso, xa yenza ngathi ivuma umzala wayo, bubusuku obubhiyozelwa ngoSuku lweMiphefumlo Yonke. Yapapashwa ngoNovemba 7, 1861, ikhatshwa ngamabali alishumi elinesithandathu, kwiphephandaba i-El Contemporáneo. Kunika umdla ukwazi inqaku I-Nightingale kunye neRose
Ulwakhiwo
Intaba yemiphefumlo isakhiwo Licandelo leli nqaku apho zonke iinxalenye ekubunjwe ngazo ilivo zichazwe ngokucacileyo.
Ilivo lenziwe yintshayelelo emfutshane, iinxalenye ezintathu kunye nesishwankathelo.
Kwintshayelelo, umbhali ongumbalisi uthetha akuva intsomi eSoria, kodwa uyoyika ukuyichaza. Intsomi izotywa kumntu wesithathu, kwaye inomhleli kunye nombalisi wembali. Umbhali ubalisa ngeziganeko ekuthethwe ngazo ngaphambili kunye naye.[/su_note]
Ekuqaleni komsebenzi, kunokubonwa ngokucacileyo, xa ekhwaza ekuqaleni kwebali, oku kulandelayo:
«Ubusuku babafileyo bandivuse ngela xesha andazi ukuba intsimbi ephindwe kabini. Ukuhlatywa kwayo okumnandi kunye nonaphakade kwandikhumbuza esi siko ndisandula ukusiva eSoria. (...) Ndayiva kwindawo enye apho yenzeka khona, kwaye ndiyibhale, ngamanye amaxesha ndijika intloko yam ngenxa yoloyiko, xa ndiziva iifestile zebalcony yam ziqhekeza, zishukunyiswa ngumoya obandayo wobusuku."
Umlingiswa u-Alonso uxelela umzala wakhe uBeatriz iziganeko ezenzeka ngexesha leTemplars eMonte de las Ánimas. Ukuguqulwa kweqonga, inqaba yamanani e-Alcudiel. Ukungancedi kukaBeatrice
Isiqendu
Umbhali ongumbalisi wongeza amabinzana amatsha kweli bali. Inyaniso iyenzeka ngexesha leMinyaka Ephakathi, i-legend ichazwa ngumlingiswa uAlonso, ngaphakathi komsebenzi wakhe. Kunokucaciswa ukuba ngeli xesha athetha ngalo, ukhumbula iziganeko ebesele ezazi umlinganiswa ngokwakhe.
Bachaza ngeziganeko ezithile ngokweenkcukacha kangangokuba zibonakale ngathi zinokuthenjwa. Ke, isizathu sokuba kuveliswe umva we-flash, okuthetha ukuba intsomi eyenzeka ngaphambi kwexesha abaphila ngayo ithi qatha engqondweni. Ubalisa inkumbulo yakhe, eyenzeka kwiiyure ezingamashumi amabini anesine, ukusuka kwiiyure zokuqala kusasa kude kube ngentsasa elandelayo.
Impikiswano
Eyona nto iphambili iyelenqe entabeni yemiphefumlo Sisipho esilahlekelwa ngumzala ka-Alonso kwi-Monte de las Ánimas kwaye emva kokugxininisa kakhulu, uyamnyanzela ukuba aye kuthatha iribhoni yakhe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngelixa elala ngokukhululekile endlwini. Apha ngezantsi, sinika izizathu ezithe vetshe zelivo.
Ibali lenzeka kumasipala waseSoria, kwiMonte de las Ánimas eyaziwayo, usuku olunikezelwe ukuhlonipha umntu oswelekileyo. I-Counts ye-Borges kunye ne-Alcudiel, ekhatshwa ngabantwana babo u-Beatriz no-Alonso, kunye nezicaka zaqala indlela eya ekuzingeleni, zikhwele amahashe abo amahle.
UAlonso uqala ukubalisa intsomi, leyo yeMonte de las Ánimas. Inkolelo, ukuba le ntaba ababeyibiza ngokuba yimiphefumlo, ihambelana neTemplars, ethetha amagorha kunye nenkolo eyayiyeyoMthombo wamaPoor Knights kaKristu weTempile kaSolomon.
Ngamaxesha apho ama-Arabhu agxothwa eSoria, uKumkani wawanyanzela ukuba abuyele ukukhusela isixeko, into eyayihlazisa abantu abahloniphekileyo baseCastile, ivelisa ukhuphiswano phakathi kwabo.
Ngale ndlela, ukhuphiswano lwaqala, de ukumkani ngokwakhe wabhengeza ukuba idabi liphelile; isixa sashiywa ngasemva, yaye kwindawo yonqulo, imizimba yabaninzi yangcwatywa. Ibali libalisa ukuba xa kufika ubusuku babafileyo, imimoya yomfi ihamba kunye nezilwanyana zasezintabeni, ukuze kungabikho mntu uthanda ukuba kuloo ndawo ngaloo mhla.
Xa sele beqokelelene ekhaya, i-Counts ecaleni kokukhanya kokukhanya, ngabazala kuphela ababengayithobeli le ntetho: uAlonso noBeatriz, de kwaba ngumzuzu awathi uAlonso waphazamisa ukuthula okude, ekhwaza umzala wakhe, owathi. ngenxa yesizathu sokuba kungekudala uza kumka kuye, angathanda ukumpha isipho ukuze ahlale emkhumbula.
[su_box title=”El Monte de las Ánimas – Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer” radius=”6″][su_youtube url=”https://youtu.be/y2byOtHKQ1E”][/su_box]
Emva kokungqiba okungaka, intombazana yamkela ilitye elinqabileyo, ingakhange ithethe nantoni na, ngelixa umzala wayo wayicela ukuba imnike into ethile kwizinto zayo. UBeatriz wavuma waza wamxelela ukuba eMonte de las Ánimas, ibhendi yakhe eluhlaza yalahleka, ibe yile nto wayefuna ukumnika yona.[/su_note]
U-Alonso osemncinci wayeziva eqinile kwaye enomdla wokujongana naluphi na uhlobo lwe-barbarian, nangona kunjalo, wayesoyika ukutyelela loo ndawo ebumnyama, kwaye nangakumbi ngaloo mhla, ngoko woyika. Kodwa, ngenxa yobuqili bentombazana eyamphefumlela ngokumomotheka okumnandi kwaye waya kwindawo, kodwa ngoloyiko, ukuhlangula iqela elilahlekileyo ukuze avuyise umzala wakhe uBeatriz.
Zaqengqeleka iiyure uBeatriz engabuthi quthu ubuthongo, ecinga ukuba weva kubizwa igama lakhe ephupheni elibi. Uthe xa evuka akazange aphinde awavale amehlo, nto leyo emenza athandaze esoyika kwaye ezele luloyiko.
Ekuzeni kokusa, unosizi ngenxa yesimo sakhe sengqondo awayenaso ebusuku, ngokuba yinkomo kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza, ubona ibhanti yakhe eluhlaza ehlanjwe egazini kwaye yatshatyalaliswa ibekwe kwindawo yokulala. UBeatriz wothukile, amehlo akhe ayengayikholelwa le nto ayibonayo. Emva kweeyure ezimbalwa, abakhonzi bakhe bamxelela iindaba ezibuhlungu: UAlonso waqwengwa ziingcuka zentaba, zamfumana efile.
Intsomi ithi emva komsitho, umzingeli kwafuneka achithe ubusuku bonke entabeni yemiphefumlo, kwaye ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wakwazi ukuphawula ukuba wabona amathambo eeTemplars ezidumileyo kunye nezikhulu zaseSoria, ezazingcwatywe kwicawa. , kanye njengoko wayekwazi ukujonga indlela umfazi omhle ophazamisekileyo ehamba ngokukhawuleza iinyawo zakhe zigcwele igazi, eleqwa ngamanye amahashe, ekhala ejikeleza ingcwaba lika-Alonso ejikeleza.
indawo
Intsomi yeMonte de las Ánimas, yenzeka kwindawo engaphandle komasipala waseSoria kunye neendonga zoMlambo iDuero, ekumntla-ntshona wePeninsula yase-Iberia.
Ngokunjalo, ezinye izinto ezithile zibonakaliswa kwintsomi, njengale:
IMonastery yaseSan Juan de Duero, eseSoria.
Isixeko saseSoria sigxininisa iwotshi yePostigo njengesalathiso. Isango lePostigo, lelinye lamasango alenza udonga lwaseSoria, lisahleli kumaxesha ombhali.
IConvent yaseSan Polo, engaphandle kwesixeko saseSoria, kwaye ngoku yindlu yecawa kuphela ekhoyo. Indalo yayo yabelwe umyalelo weeTemplars.
San Juan de Duero. I-monastery yesitayela sothando, ebekwe eSoria, eyeye-Order yaseMalta.
[su_note] IMonte de las Ánimas ikwindawo engaphandle kweSoria nakunxweme loMlambo iDuero. Kwakukho ibandla elalithengisa iziqhamo zaloo ndawo, ukuze kuqokelelwe imali eyayiza kunikela inkitha kwimiphefumlo yabangasekhoyo, gama elo elivela kwigama leNtaba.[/su_note]
Ibhulorho enika ukufikelela esixekweni.
INtaba iMoncayo, ekumda ophakathi kwesixeko saseSoria kunye nesixeko saseZaragoza.
Abalingiswa
Los abalinganiswa entabeni yemiphefumlo zezo ezenza kube nokwenzeka uphuhliso lwebali lonke, ngaphandle kobukho bezi zinto, ilivo belingayi kuba nasiqalo kwaye lingabi nasiphelo.
Kwibali leMonte de las Ánimas, abalinganiswa balandelayo bathatha inxaxheba:
Alonso
Uyindlalifa yemihlaba apho intsomi iqhubeka khona. Uyinkwenkwe eyonwabileyo nenyanisekileyo. Uthandana noBeatriz omhle. Ufela ezinzipho zeengcuka, ngenxa yokumtotosa ekhangela ibhendi yakhe ebhulowu elahlekileyo.
Beatriz
Ungumzala omncinci ka-Alonso, intombi ye-Counts of Borges. Uhamba kunye nobuhle kunye nolutsha, uneenwele ezintle ezinde ezimnyama, ezinemilebe encinci kunye namehlo amakhulu aluhlaza.
Abanye abalinganiswa
Bakwathatha inxaxheba kulo msebenzi: Izibalo, zasekhaya, abazingeli, iiTemplars, ezenkolo kunye nabahlukileyo.
Izihloko
Ilivo leMonte de las Ánimas, linomxholo wezihloko ezinjengezi:
Uqhagamshelwano olukhoyo olungena imixholo emibini ngexesha elinye. Umbhali uBécquer, uqokelela umxholo wentsomi yendalo yonke, xa ejongene neeTemplars kunye ngokuchasene neenkosi ezibalaseleyo zesixeko saseSoria, kwaye wongeza kwintsomi into ebalulekileyo emele abafazi, xa engcatsha indoda ukuze ifezekise iinjongo zayo kwaye yibethe ke. Yomibini imixholo idityaniswe kumsebenzi, yiyo enokuthi iqwalaselwe ngokucacileyo, emalunga nomzabalazo kunye nothando.
Okusisithethe nobugcisa buvela, ngeenkalo eziphawulekayo, njengaxa kukhala iintsimbi ebandleni, kanye ngentsimbi yeshumi elinesibini ebusuku ukuze zaziswe abantu ukuba luSuku Lwemiphefumlo Yonke. Ngokukwanjalo, zonke iintlobo zezandi ezingaqhelekanga zibalaseliswa kulo msebenzi, njengengxolo yeenyawo eyaviwa kwikhaphethi kwigumbi likaBeatriz, kwanesandi somthi; ukubetha kwiifestile zebhalkhoni; Amanzi avuza engayeki, ukubhomboloza kwezinja, noqhwithela lomoya.
El monte de las ánimas isishwankathelo esinxulumene nesihloko
Ukushwankathela i intaba yemiphefumlo umxholo yimpindezelo yabo bonke abafileyo abakhoyo kuloo Ntaba njengonobangela wokugculelwa ngabantu baloo ndawo.
Kwelinye icala, kwakhona kuthiwa i intaba yemiphefumlo ifuna ukwenza abantu bacinge ngazo zonke iimeko ezinokuvela nje ngokuzalisekisa i-whims kunye nemodeli ye-narcissistic yomnye umntu.
Ngaphakathi umxholo wentaba yemiphefumlo, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba kusekelwe kwimihla ehamba ngo-Oktobha 31 ukuya kuNovemba 1, ubusuku apho kukho amathuba amaninzi okubonakala kwemimoya okanye imiphefumlo.
Intaba yemiphefumlo inika isishwankathelo
Ngokuqinisekileyo ngaxa lithile ngaphambi kokuba ufunde eli bali uye wazibuza Kwenzeka ntoni ekuqaleni kwebali intaba yemiphefumlo? Ukwazi le mpendulo, siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunda malunga el monte de las ánimas isishwankathelo sentsomi kunye nezinye iinkcukacha esikubonisa ngezantsi.
INtaba yeMiphefumlo nguGustavo Adolfo Bécquer isishwankathelo
Eli bali liqala ngokuzingela kuka-Alonso kunye nabantwana bakhe abahle, ngelixa wayebaxelela ngeeTemplars ezazikho ngexesha elithile kwezo ntaba; babengamagorha onqulo awafa ngenxa yokubulawa kwamajoni kaKumkani waseCastile.
Ngokutsho abadumileyo intsomi entabeni yemiphefumlo isishwankathelo imimoya yamagorha nezilwanyana ibonakala kuyo yonke intaba, ngobusuku baBangcwele bonke; ngenxa yesi sizathu, akukho mmi wasondela kuloo ndawo ngaloo mini.
Baye endlini bonke beyokutya isidlo sangokuhlwa, xa sele kukho umzala kaAlonso uye wandwendwela kuye baqala bathetha ngaseziko. Umxelela ukuba ufuna ukumpha isipho; isacholo esihle ukuze ungalibali kwaye usigcine sikhona kuyo yonke indawo oya kuyo.
ukuqhubeka gustavo adolfo becquer entabeni yemiphefumlo isishwankathelo
Emva koko, u-Alonso ucela umzala wakhe ukuba ahlale emkhumbula; uyavuma kodwa ukhankanya ukuba iribhoni eluhlaza afuna ukumnika yona yalahleka eMonte de las Ánimas.
Ngaphakathi kweengcamango zika-Alonso zazingayi ku-Monte ngaloo mini, nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba umzala wakhe egxininise kakhulu, wagqiba ekubeni amkele kwaye ahambe naye. Ngobo busuku bekhaya, uBeatriz akazange abuthi qothu ubuthongo, ekubeni esiva amazwi, waqalisa ukuthandaza de ekugqibeleni wabiwa bubuthongo.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, xa evuka, ubona kwi-nightstand i-ribbon eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka awayeyifuna kakhulu kodwa yayigcwele igazi. Kwangoko umkhonzi wendlu uya kwigumbi lomfazi ukuze amnike iindaba zokuba umzala wakhe uAlonso ufile waqwengwa ziingcuka zaseMonte.
Kodwa noBeatriz wayefile. Emva kwazo zonke ezi ziqendu, ngenye imini umzingeli owahlala ubusuku obunye eMonte de las Ánimas waza wafa; Wathi wayeyibonile indlela imimoya eshiya ngayo loo ndawo kwaye wabona umfazi eneenyawo zakhe zigcwele igazi, kufuphi nengcwaba lika-Alonso.
Ubudlelwane neminye imisebenzi
Isohlwayo ngonaphakade yomfazi onekratshi ngowona mxholo uqhelekileyo kubugcisa kunye noncwadi. UGiovanni Boccaccio, ubhekisele kumxholo ofanayo webali othi Historia de Nastagio o degli Onesti, engoyena mlinganiswa uphambili owaxhatshazwa ngumkhweli wehashe.
UBotticelli wabamba imisebenzi yakhe yokupeyinta kwimizobo eyahlukeneyo, esekwe kwimbali kaBoccaccio.
Ngokufanayo, ikhonkco linokwenziwa ngemisebenzi yomculo, oko kukuthi: Umakhi waseGalician uRodríguez Losada wenza isiqalo sakhe kwi-opera ebhekiselele kumsebenzi.
Ngo-2008, i-Spanish minstrel metal band Saurom yalungisa umxholo womculo osekelwe kwintsomi yaseMonte de las Ánimas.
Kwiqela le-XNUMX iGabinete Caligari, intaba ikhankanywe kwingoma yabo ebizwa ngokuthi "Camino a Soria", kunye namabinzana afana nala: "Xa ubona intaba yemiphefumlo, ungayijongi, yidlule, kwaye ugcine. ukuhamba" okanye "uBécquer wayengeyena idiot."
Malunga noMbhali
Igama lakhe lokwenyani ngokucacileyo yayinguGustavo Adolfo Claudio Domínguez Bastida. Ifani kaBécquer, yayiyifani kamama kayise, owayenemvelaphi yaseFlemish ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kwaye wasebenzisa ngokulinganayo ngobugcisa, kuba wayengumzobi odumileyo waseSevillian.
UBécquer wazalelwa kwisixeko saseSeville ngoFebruwari 17, 1836. Wazuza njengelifa izipho zokudweba kuyise, kodwa ukufa kukayise akuzange kumvumele ukuba aqhubeke nobugcisa bokudweba.
Ukususela esemncinane, xa wayeneminyaka elishumi ubudala, wayekhuthazwa luncwadi nemibongo, ekunye nomhlobo wakhe waseklasini. Wabumba imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala yoncwadi, yodidi lwedrama, enesihloko esithi: “The Conjured” kunye nomdlalo ohlekisayo; "Intlango yaseBujarrón"
[su_note] Kwangelo xesha linye lasehlotyeni wafunda ukuqubha eGuadalquivir, kunye nokukhohlisa ikrele. Ngeminyaka eyi-18, waya eMadrid, efuna udumo njengendoda yoncwadi, wafumana imisebenzi njengomguquleli wesiFrentshi, de wakwazi ukuzimisa njengomhleli kwiphephandaba elitsha elaziwa ngokuba yi "El Contemporáneo". /su_qaphela]
Curiosities
Phambi kokuba abe ngunobhala omkhulu, ngo-1.854 waya eMadrid ukuya kusebenza njengentatheli kwaye wayekwaphethe ukulungelelanisa yonke imidlalo yemvelaphi yangaphandle.
Ngomnyaka we-1.858 wagula kakhulu ngaphandle kokwazi unobangela ocacileyo (isifo sephepha okanye i-syphilis) kwaye wachitha iinyanga ezili-9 esibhedlele ebhedini. Umntakwabo uValeriano nguye owamnyamekelayo kwaye wamxhasa kulo lonke le nkqubo, ekugqibeleni apapashe intsomi yakhe yokuqala " El caudillo de las Manos Rojas ".
Ngelo xesha waphinda wadibana noJulia Espín ekukholelwa ukuba ngunobangela wezicengcelezo ezininzi, nangona kunjalo, abanye bacinga ukuba nguElisa Guillén.
Owona mzuzu ubalaseleyo kunye nemveliso ye-Adolfo Bécquer eyaziwayo yenzeke kwisiqingatha sokuqala se-1.860s, yiyo loo nto inxalenye enkulu yazo zonke iintsomi zakhe zabhalwa ngeli xesha, ethatha inzuzo yezinga eliphezulu lemveliso awayenayo.
Ngo-1.861 watshata intombi encinci kagqirha ogama linguCasta Esteban, awatshata nayo kwaye nangona yayingengowona mtshato ubalaseleyo, babenabantwana aba-3 kwaye babonakala belusapho olulungileyo.
Kananjalo, waqala umbhalo wakhe onemvano-siphelo kwaye wasebenza ekudaleni iimbali zobuntatheli. Kamva ngonyaka we-1.866 wonyulwa njengomhloli osemthethweni weenoveli kwaye ngoko wayenokuzinikela ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi kwimibhalo yakhe.
Ngazo zonke iziganeko zonyaka we-1.868 kunye nenguquko, ulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi kwaye umfazi wakhe wagqiba ekubeni amshiye. Ngenxa yoko, wafudukela eToledo apho umntakwabo wayekho kwaye ekugqibeleni waya kwikomkhulu laseSpeyin.
Kanye kule ndawo, ujongene nokulawula iphephancwadi "Umfanekiso waseMadrid". Yonke into yayihamba kakuhle de kwasweleka uValeriano ngo-1.870 ngoSeptemba wadakumba kakhulu waza wafa kwiinyanga ezintathu kamva.
Ilifa
Umbhali uGustavo Adolfo Bécquer waziwa kunye noRosalía de Castro njengomnye wabameli abakhulu boncwadi lwasemva kwezothando, oko kuthetha isihobe esinendlela yendalo eneentetho ezinobuciko kodwa ezingentle kangako kunemeko yokuthandana.
Kwakhona, yasebenza njengempembelelo enkulu kubaculi abafana noRubén Darío, uAntonio Machado, uJuan Ramón Jiménez, phakathi kwamanye amaninzi.
Umsebenzi u-El Monte de las Ánimas yedwa ubonise inxalenye ebalulekileyo yoncwadi kwaye ushiya ilifa elithile. Oku kubangelwa ukuba kubonakala kwimixholo yomculo kunye nakwii-operas zabaculi uRodríguez Losada, ibhendi yensimbi ye-minstrel »Saurom» kunye neqela uGabinete Caligari, owaziwa kakhulu kwi-80s.
Inyaniso ebalulekileyo kukuba ngoku kukho yonke indlela yokutyelela ukutyelela eSoria kwaye iphefumlelwe ngokupheleleyo yintsomi yombhali uGustavo Adolfo Bécquer.