Dutsen Dutsen Yellowstone: Ayyukan Volcanic, Fashewa da ƙari

A cikin Yellowstone National Park a cikin United States of America za ku sami abin da mutane da yawa ba su tunanin, da Dutsen dutsen dutse. Cewa ko da yake ba shi da fashewa, har yanzu yana raye kuma yana wakiltar haɗari mai lalacewa. Gano a nan komai game da wannan al'amari na halitta wanda ke ci gaba da zama barazana.

Dutsen dutsen dutse

A Yellowstone Supervolcano, Yellowstone Volcano ko yellowstone caldera, sune sunayen da suka gano "Volcanic Caldera". Wanne yana cikin "Pakin Kasa na Yellowstone", na ƙasar Amurka mai ikon mallakar ƙasar. Daga ciki wannan wurin shakatawa yana da wurinsa a cikin ɗaya daga cikin jihohi hamsin waɗanda tare da Washington DC, ke da ƙasa, musamman Wyoming. Inda kuma ta fadada yankinta zuwa wasu jihohi biyu na Idaho da Montana.

A "Caldera" ya ƙunshi ɓacin rai, wanda yana da girma da girma da ganuwar. Wanda halittarsa ​​ta kasance saboda aman wuta mai tsananin girma ko kuma mai tsananin gaske. Ta wannan ma'ana, wannan caldera ya fuskanci halittarsa ​​tare da fashewar Lava Creek wanda ya faru shekaru 640.000 da suka gabata, don haka zamanin da ya dace da yanayin kasa shine wannan kwanan wata.

Bayanan ya nuna cewa wannan babban dutsen mai aman wuta na Yellowstone, wanda shine dutsen mai aman wuta mafi girma a Amurka, bai gushe yana aiki ba. Ya kamata a lura cewa fauna da wurin ke da shi, yana da yawa da yawa. Godiya ga gaskiyar cewa shekaru 150 an haramta yin duk wani farautar dabbobi. The Flora, wanda ke kewaye da shi yana siffanta kasancewarsa daban-daban na ban mamaki, kodayake mafi dacewa shine babban daji na montane ko sanyi.

Yellowstone Caldera yana da girman kusan 55 ta kilomita 72 kuma yana arewa maso yamma na Jihar Wyoming. Tare da tsayin mita 3.142 sama da matakin teku.

A daya bangaren kuma, an lissafa wannan wurin shakatawa a matsayin wurin shakatawa na farko na wannan babbar kasa, baya ga kasancewarsa mafi tsufa a duniya. Daga cikin abin da aka halicce shi daga Maris 01, 1872 ta hanyar dokar wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa, Ulysses S. Grant.

Jadawalin Volcano Timeline

El Dutsen dutsen dutse Yana faruwa ne bayan faruwar abubuwa masu zuwa, waɗanda aka lasafta su da manyan fashewar abubuwa, waɗanda sune:

Shekaru miliyan 2,1 da suka gabata, fashewar Huckleberry Ridge ya haifar da halittar Huckleberry Ridge Tuff da Island Park Caldera. Wani yanki yana cikin filin shakatawa na Yellowstone, yana faɗaɗa zuwa abin da aka sani da Island Park a yammacin Idaho. An saita shi azaman mafi girma da aka yi rikodin fashewar Yellowstone hotspot. Tare da kiyasin nisan kilomita 2.500 na kayan wuta da aka kora.

Shekaru miliyan 1,3 da suka wuce, an haifar da fashewar Mesa Falls, wanda aka aiwatar da halittar Mesa Falls Tuff da Fork Caldera na Henry. Located in Idaho, yammacin abin da ke yanzu Yellowstone National Park. An kafa shi azaman fashewa na biyu da aka yi rikodin girma, samfurin wurin zafi mai zafi na Yellowstone. Tare da kiyasin nisan kilomita 280 na kayan wuta da aka fitar.

Shekaru 640.000 da suka gabata, an haifar da fashewar Lava Creek, wanda aka aiwatar da halittar Lava Creek Tuff da Yellowstone Caldera ko kuma wanda ake kira Yellowstone Volcano. An samo wani yanki na sa a cikin Wyoming, musamman a cikin Yellowstone National Park da sauran a Idaho da Montana. Tare da kiyasin nisan kilomita 1.000 na kayan wuta da aka kora.

Hotspot

Har zuwa yau ana samun sabani da tashi game da abin da ke da zafi tabo na Dutsen dutsen dutse kuma daga ina ya samo asali. A gefe guda kuma, akwai ra'ayin ƙwararrun masana ilimin ƙasa waɗanda ke tabbatar da cewa wannan wuri mai zafi yana samuwa ta hanyar hulɗa. Wannan yana faruwa tsakanin abin da ke faruwa na sararin samaniya na lithosphere.

Wanda shi ne murfin dutse wanda ya zama daɗaɗɗen ɓawon ƙasa na waje. Tare da yaduwar zafi daga rigar sama. A gefe guda kuma, akwai wasu ƙwararrun da suka tabbatar da cewa wannan wuri mai zafi yana samuwa a cikin zurfin rigar ko kuma abin da ake kira plume mantle.

Ganin cewa, wannan sabani ko tattaunawa ya taso ne bayan bayyanar da gabatar da wannan bayanai a cikin mece ce kujerar kasa.

volcano aiki

Dangane da aikin volcanic, caldera yana sama da wuri mai zafi. Ganin cewa wannan wuri mai zafi yana ƙarƙashin tudu inda dutsen rawaya yake. Ko da a lokacin da ya bayyana yana motsawa ta cikin ƙasa a cikin hanyar gabas-arewa maso gabas, ba haka ba ne, an daidaita shi kuma yana da mahimmanci a cikin yanayin da kanta.

Bayanai sun nuna cewa a cikin shekaru miliyan 18 da suka gabata, wannan wuri mai zafi ya haifar da cece-kuce. Jeri na fitowar kwatsam da tashin hankali na m, ruwa ko ma gaseous al'amarin, tare da basaltic ambaliya.

Inda bayanai suka bayar da cewa a kalla goma sha biyu daga cikin wadannan sun zama masu karfin gaske, sannan aka dauke su a matsayin masu fashewa. Da abin da gudun fanko ya haifar da abin da har yanzu ake kira tukunyar jirgi.

Har ila yau, an gano cewa bisa ga yawan fashewar suna iya haifar da irin wannan lalata, inda mafi ƙarancin zai iya wakiltar asarar manyan tsaunuka. Koyaya, a cikin kewayon da ya shafi shekaru miliyan 17 da suka gabata, wurin zafi na Yellowstone ya sami damar ƙirƙirar ƙididdiga wanda ya wuce fashewar 142.

A gefe guda, Yellowstone supervolcano ya rubuta mahimman bayanai masu zuwa:

• Shekaru 174.000 da suka gabata, wata karamar fashewa ta samo asali daga tafkin Thumb ta Yamma.
• Shekaru 150.000 da suka wuce, wata fashewa ta tona tafkin Thumb ta Yamma.
• Shekaru 70.000 da suka gabata, ita ce kwararar lava ta baya-bayan nan.
• Shekaru 13.800 da suka gabata, hayakin iskar gas, wanda ke haifar da wani rami mai tsawon kilomita 5, a gabar tafkin Yellowstone.
• A halin yanzu, akwai buƙatu na geothermal marasa adadi. Inda ita kuma magma tana dauke da iskar gas da ke narkar da ita sakamakon matsewarta.

Yellowstone Volcanic Hazard

Bayanai daga binciken da aka yi akai-akai da kuma bin diddigin sun ba da shaida cewa a tsakanin shekarun 2004 da 2008, an sami haɓaka haɓakar 7,6 centimeters a kowace shekara, inda yake da ban tsoro idan aka kwatanta da bayanan da aka sarrafa tun 1923. Domin suna wakiltar cewa bayanai sun ninka sau uku.

Baya ga wannan, duka ƙwararrun Ma'aikatar Kula da Fasha ta Ƙasa, Binciken Geological na Ƙasar Amurka. Yellowstone Volcano Observatory da Jami'ar Utah. Sun bayar da amsar karatun nasu, inda suka yarda cewa babu wani bayanan da aka ruwaito cewa duk wani mummunan fashewar na iya faruwa kamar wanda aka riga aka sani.

Sanin cewa waɗannan karatun bayanai ne waɗanda, bayan haka, ba daidai ba ne kamar yadda ya zama cikakke. Ma’ana, al’amura kuma na iya tasowa wadanda ba a iya tantance su a kowane lokaci domin haka ne Abubuwan yanayi.

A gefe guda kuma, la'akari da binciken da National Geographic Society ta gudanar, sakamakon shine cewa idan wani lamari ya faru wanda ya haifar da fashewa a Yellowstone. Wannan zai faru a cikin ɗaya daga cikin kuskure guda uku da ke da layi ɗaya waɗanda ke da alkiblar arewa-arewa maso yamma a tsakiyar filin shakatawa na Yellowstone.

A cikin abin da biyu suka sami bayyanar su da abubuwan da suka faru tare da lava mai yawa tsakanin abin da ke wakiltar shekaru 174.000 da shekaru 70.000 da suka gabata. Inda na ƙarshe ko na uku ke da alhakin mafi girma maimaita motsi na telluric a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.

Hadarin fashewar Hydrothermal

Haɗarin yana haifar da gabaɗaya ko a cikin wani sanannen kashi ta hanyar motsi na hydrothermal, la'akari da cewa wannan ba shi da alaƙa da ayyukan volcanic da aka samu. Kujerun sun ba da bayanan da ke nuna cewa fashe-fashe na hydrothermal ne ke da alhakin ƙirƙira ko faruwar adadin da ya wuce ramuka 20.

A gefe guda kuma, binciken da aka keɓe ya ba da bayanai masu ban mamaki da ke nuna cewa motsin teluric da aka rubuta a cikin nisa mai nisa gaba ɗaya ya haifar da sakamako. Dutsen dutsen dutse.

A cikin wannan ma'ana, Jake Lowenstern, wanda ke aiki a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Dutsen Dutsen Yellowstone. Ya yi tsokaci, ba da shawara ko ba da shawarar cewa a inganta sa ido a yankin tare da tsawaita. Domin Binciken Kasa na Amurka ya lissafa Dutsen Dutsen Yellowstone a matsayin babban haɗari wanda bai kamata a raina shi ba.

Ayyukan Seismic

Ya kamata a lura cewa samfurin asalin, yanayi da halayen volcanic, da kuma tectonics, na hali na yanki ko yanki. Dutsen Dutsen Dutsen Yellowstone yana ɗauka, karɓa ko yin rikodin matsakaicin motsi na 1.000 zuwa 3.000 a kowace shekara, wanda ya dace da mafi ƙarancin iyaka don aunawa.

Kasancewa keɓantacce kuma sau da yawa lokuta masu maimaitawa, yawancin abubuwan da zasu iya faruwa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Inda kwararrun suka fayyace cewa ana samun wadannan ne sakamakon safarar ruwa mai aman wuta na cikin gida. Waɗanda ke faruwa, ta hanyar tsage-tsafe marasa adadi da aka samu a cikin ƙananan duwatsun da ke sama da magma.

Wanda ke nufin cewa makamashin da ke ƙunshe yana samuwa ne kawai a cikin nau'i na motsi na telluric. Inda wasu misalan su kamar haka:

• A cikin shekara ta 1985, cikin kankanin lokaci ('yan watanni), an yi rikodin motsin girgizar kasa sama da 3.000.
• A cikin kwanaki bakwai, tsakanin watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008 zuwa watan Janairu na shekara mai zuwa, an samu bayanan motsin girgizar kasa sama da 500.
• Tsakanin Janairu 17 da Fabrairu 01, 2010, an yi rikodin ƙungiyoyi 1.620 na telluric. Inda bisa ga bayanan, an fara ne a ranar 17 ga Janairu, bayan girgizar kasa a Haiti kuma ta ƙare kafin girgizar ƙasa a Chile, a ranar 01 ga Fabrairu.
• A halin yanzu, a cikin Mayu 2020, an karɓi rikodin ƙungiyoyi 288 na girgizar ƙasa.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kw4STJeeU2k

Seismic Waves daga Dutsen Dutsen Yellowstone

Dangane da girgizar girgizar kasa na Dutsen dutsen dutse, masu binciken sunyi amfani da hanyar sadarwa na seismometers. Sun zauna a kusa da gefuna na Yellowstone National Park, tare da burin yin rikodin taswirar ɗakin magma. Domin yana da nagarta cewa raƙuman ruwa suna da tafiyar hawainiya sosai lokacin da suke ratsawa da yawa a yanayin zafi mai yawa da kuma narkakkarsa.

A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da wannan damar kuma ana aiwatar da ma'aunin abin da ke ƙasa. Daga inda aka samu bayanai masu ban sha'awa, wadanda su ne:

• Kogon magma yana da girma ko babba.
• Zurfinsa ya bambanta tsakanin kilomita biyu zuwa goma sha biyar.
• Girmansa yana kusa da kilomita casa'in tsayinsa kuma kilomita talatin.
• Girmanta zuwa arewa maso gabashin Yellowstone National Park ya fi girma, idan aka kwatanta da bayanan da ake samu daga sauran karatun.
• Yana haɗa cakuɗaɗɗen dutse mai ƙarfi da narkakkar duka.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa, abin mamaki game da wannan bincike da sakamakon shi ne cewa a kimiyance har yau ba a yi wani nazari (taswirar) ba. Wannan zai ba da irin waɗannan sakamakon, waɗanda aka ɗauka mai girma. Daga cikin abin da, yanzu masu sana'a a yankin suna da aiki mai wuya da wuyar gaske na kimantawa ko auna abin da suke la'akari da "giant mara ƙarfi" da gaske yana wakiltar bil'adama.

Menene Konewar Cikin Gida na Volcano ke wakiltar??

Konewar ciki na Dutsen Dutsen Yellowstone yana wakiltar kuma yana ba da sakamako masu zuwa, waɗanda sune:

• Babban sanadi ko asalin babban zafi da aka samar a wurin zafi mai zafi na Yellowstone, ya kai har zuwa kewayon 645 zuwa kusan kilomita 2.900 a kasa da saman duniya.
• Mai yiyuwa ne sanadin ko asalin babban zafi ya fito ko kuma ya fito daga tushen ruwansa.
• Idan kuwa haka ne, ko shakka babu shi ne aka ba da tabbacin raya tafkin da aka samu dazun nan aka jera shi a saman da ya dace.
• A sama da tafki, akwai dakin magma, yana ɗaukar magma da yake buƙata daga can.
• Wannan shi ne abin da ke ɗorawa ko samar da duk geysers, kududdufai da sauran hanyoyin jan hankali waɗanda Yellowstone National Park ke da shi. Wanda ke tsakanin tazarar kilomita biyar zuwa fiye da sha hudu a kasa da saman duniya.
• Don samun ra'ayi mai tsauri, ɗakin magma ne kawai ya haɗa ƙarar da ta yi daidai, kama ko kama da sau 2,5 Grand Canyon. Cewa su da gaske manyan bayanai ne kuma suna da ikon gurɓata da lalata gaba ɗaya abubuwan muhalli wanda ke kawar da wuri ko al'umma..

Menene Ra'ayin Masana Kimiyya?

Masana kimiyya ko masu bincike Dutsen dutsen dutse an kammala sakamako masu zuwa:

• Yana da latent tun 2004 cewa abubuwan da ke haifar da fashewa iri ɗaya sun taso.
• Babban ƙarshensa ya fito ne daga gaskiyar cewa ana yin rikodin adadin da ya zarce ƙungiyoyi 3.000 a kowace shekara.
• Idan fashewar da ake zato ya auku, arewa maso yammacin Amurka za ta ƙare gaba ɗaya.
• Fashewar irin wannan girman zai lalatar da komai da ke cikin nisan kilomita 160.
• Ga sauran ƙasar, halaka da kufai ma za su zo, domin hayaƙi tare da toka zai kula da ita.
• Nazarin ya ba da mummunan adadi cewa ƙasar za ta sami barnar da ta kai har ma ta zarce kashi biyu cikin uku, ba tare da samun damar sake zama a cikinta ba.

Menene ke kewaye da Yellowstone?

Dutsen Dutsen Dutsen Yellowstone wanda ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, baya ga samun kyawun zama a wurin shakatawa mai kariya, yana da sauran abubuwan jan hankali. Kuma shi ne cewa saboda kasancewarsa, ana samun adadi mai yawa na geysers a cikin National Park na Yellowstone. Kazalika mafi ban mamaki da ban mamaki maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi a duniya.

Baya ga wadannan manyan abubuwan jan hankali da ke sanya zuwan maziyartai da masu yawon bude ido wani yunkuri ne da ba ya gushewa, akwai kuma irinsu:

• ramin laka
• travertine terraces
• fumaroles, da sauransu.

Da yake la'akari da cewa duk wannan yana yiwuwa ne saboda kaddarorin hydrothermal da takamaiman abubuwan da ke yuwuwa kawai saboda ayyukan volcanic akai-akai. Menene ya aikata Dutsen dutsen dutse, tare da halayen yanayin yanayin wurin shakatawa da kansa, wanda, kamar yadda aka sani, yana tsakiyar ƙaƙƙarfan tsaunuka.

Baya ga wadanda aka ambata, akwai kuma wata fauna mai ban sha'awa, daga cikinsu akwai masu zuwa:

• Brown da baki bears
• bison
• Raguna
• Wolves
• kaza
• Cougars
• kaza
• Manyan nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri-iri, wanda Bald Eagle ya yi fice, da sauransu.

Abubuwan Nishaɗi game da Dutsen Dutsen Yellowstone

Waɗannan su ne waɗanda aka rarraba a matsayin abubuwan ban sha'awa game da wannan babban dutsen mai aman wuta, wanda ke da ikon kawar da barcin mazauna Amurka fiye da ɗaya. Su ne:

• El Dutsen dutsen dutse Ya kasance a cikin wani yanki mai kariya tun 1872, yana cikin wurin shakatawa mafi nisa a duniya.
• Wani babban yanki na Yellowstone National Park, yana zaune a saman wani babban dutsen mai aman wuta wato, ga mamakina, yana aiki sosai.
• Sunan da aka gano shi ana danganta shi da Kogin Yellowstone, wanda yayi daidai da mafi girman yanki na waɗanda ke yin wurin shakatawa.
• "Great Prismatic Fountain" shine babban abin jan hankalinsa, wanda daya daga cikin fitattun zanga-zangar surrealist ake dangantawa da shi. Wato ruwa mai zafi wanda ke da diamita na ƙafa 367, inda algae ɗinsa ke da fa'idar samar da wasu inuwar launuka. An rarraba wannan yanki a matsayin mai haɗari sosai saboda yanayin zafin da aka samu, wanda ke juyawa a kusa da 188 ° F.
• Dole ne ta jawo hankalin maziyartan adadi mai sauƙi wanda ya zarce geysers 500 tare da aiki akai-akai, wanda yayi daidai da adadin da ya zarce rabin adadin da aka yiwa rajista a duniya.
• Gidan shakatawa yana ba da ayyuka na yau da kullun na rana da na dare ga baƙi waɗanda abin mamaki ba zai gushe ba.
• Dabbobin nata gaba daya sun bambanta kuma na musamman, suna yin rijistar kimanin nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa 67 da nau'ikan dabbobi 285. Nau'in tsuntsaye.
• Akwai adadin da ya wuce grizzly bears 700.
• A shekara tana jan hankalin mutane akalla miliyan hudu daga ko'ina cikin duniya.