Menene Yawon shakatawa na Ecological ko Ecotourism ▷➡️ Postposmo

Tun daga shekarun 1980 na karni na XNUMX, wata sabuwar hanyar yawon bude ido ta fara da manufar lura da jin dadin abubuwan da suka shafi yanayi, wanda ake kira Ecological Tourism, Ecotourism ko Nature Tourism. Wannan hanyar gudanar da yawon bude ido na neman bunkasa yawon bude ido inda babban abin da ke faruwa shi ne dorewar da kiyaye muhalli da kuma al'adun wuraren da aka ziyarta. Ina gayyatar ku don sanin abin da Yawon shakatawa na Muhalli ya kunsa, a nan cikin wannan labarin.

Yawon shakatawa na muhalli ko yawon shakatawa

Irin wannan nau'in yawon shakatawa wani tsari ne na shawarwari don karfafa yawon shakatawa wanda babban abin jan hankali shi ne nuna wurare daban-daban da yanayi ke bayarwa, saboda wannan manufa ta karbi sunayen yawon shakatawa na muhalli, yawon shakatawa ko yawon shakatawa na yanayi. Yawon shakatawa na muhalli hanya ce ta ɗabi'a ta yin yawon buɗe ido ga wasu mutane waɗanda ke son ayyuka a cikin yanayi kuma suna hulɗa da mazauna gida da al'adunsu. Saboda wannan, ayyukan da aka tsara suna haɓaka da ƙa'idodin dorewar muhalli.

Wannan hanyar yawon shakatawa ta fara ne a cikin 80s, kuma cikin sauri ta zama yanki mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya zama fannin yawon shakatawa mafi ƙarfi da haɓaka a duniya. Bisa la'akari da sha'awar da aka taso tsakanin al'ummar da ke son irin wannan nau'in yawon shakatawa, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) ta zabi shekara ta 2002 don inganta ayyuka daban-daban da aka gudanar a cikin yawon shakatawa na muhalli.

A shekarar 1990, an kafa al'ummomin ECotourism na kasa da kasa tare da manufar inganta wannan nau'in yawon shakatawa na muhalli, da kuma cika aikinta ko dalili na kasancewa ... tafiya tare da haɓaka na kyawun yanayin al'ummar yankin. TIES ta himmatu wajen cimma wannan manufa ta hanyar inganta kiyaye al'adun halittu da jagorantar ayyuka zuwa ga dorewar yawon shakatawa a duk duniya. Domin cimma manufa da hangen nesansa, Yawon shakatawa na Muhalli dole ne ya bi ka'idoji masu zuwa:

Don rage mummunan tasirin muhalli da al'adu da wannan aikin ya haifar.
Aiwatar da mutuntawa da ilimi ga muhalli da al'adun gargajiya
Bayar da lokuta masu kyau ga runduna da masu yawon bude ido
Samar da fa'idodin tattalin arziki don kiyaye muhalli da al'adu
Samar da fa'idodin kuɗi da haɓaka shiga cikin yanke shawara na al'umma
Ƙaddamar da fahimtar al'amuran siyasa, muhalli da zamantakewa na ƙasashen da ke karbar bakuncin
Goyon bayan haƙƙin ɗan adam da dokokin aiki

Yawon shakatawa na muhalli, ko da yake yawon shakatawa ne na baya-bayan nan da tafiye-tafiye, ƙungiyoyin muhalli da dama, na gwamnati da na ƙungiyoyin sa-kai a fage na duniya suna la'akari da shi a matsayin aiki mai yuwuwa don samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Ayyukan yawon shakatawa na muhalli ga ƙasashe kamar: Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Kenya, Madagascar, Nepal da Ecuador (tsibirin Galapagos) na samar da gagarumin kuɗaɗe ga fannin yawon buɗe ido na ƙasashen da ma a wasu ƙasashe don tattalin arzikinsu.

Makomar Mu Gaba ɗaya

A cikin 1987, Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli da Ci gaba ta rubuta littafin nan gaba na gaba, wanda kuma aka sani da "Rahoton Brundtland", saboda wani likitan Norway Gro Harlem Brundtland ya jagoranta. An shirya wannan takarda da manufar gabatar da jerin shawarwari da za a iya aiwatarwa, don guje wa ci gaban matsalolin muhalli da ci gaban duniya ke haifarwa.

Masana kimiyya da ’yan siyasa daga ƙasashe 21 sun shiga shirye-shiryen littafin nan gaba ɗaya ko Brundtland Report, wanda ya yi nazarin rubutaccen rahoton da aka samu a cikin shekaru uku na sauraren ra’ayoyin jama’a da kuma rubuce-rubuce sama da 500. Daya daga cikin muhimman gudummawar da wannan rahoto ya bayar shi ne bayyana cewa, kiyaye muhalli ya riga ya wuce daga zama matsalar gida da yanki da kuma kasa baki daya ya zama matsala ta duniya, don haka dole ne dukkan kasashe da 'yan Adam su tashi tsaye wajen ganin an cimma matsaya, idan aka yi la'akari da samun ci gaba da kuma ci gaba. muhallin yana da nasaba sosai.

Wani gagarumin sakamako na wannan rahoto, da aka cimma bayan shekaru uku na nazarin sharhi daga kwararru daga kasashe fiye da 21, shi ne gudummawar da aka bayar kan manufofin muhalli a fagagen kasa da kasa, inda aka bayyana manufar samun ci gaba mai dorewa "wanda ya dace da bukatun da ake bukata. na yanzu ba tare da shafar buƙatun tsararraki masu zuwa ba”… daga wanda aka shirya taron koli na Duniya a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil a 1992.

Taron Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya na 2002

Bisa la'akari da mahimmancin da yawon shakatawa na muhalli ya ɗauka cikin sauri don inganta kiyaye muhalli a duniya, da nufin haɗa kai tsaye da kuma tunawa da shekara ta 2002 a matsayin shekarar yawon shakatawa ta duniya, wadda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa, an yi bikin a Quebec na Kanada. An tattauna batutuwa kamar haka:

Manufar Ecotourism da Tsare-tsare. Wannan batu ya yi magana akan manufofi, shirye-shirye da tsare-tsare daban-daban a ma'auni daban-daban na gida, yanki da na duniya. Shawarwari don dorewar tsare-tsaren ci gaba; amfani da ecotourism a wuraren shakatawa na kasa da kuma wuraren kariya na kulawa na musamman. Tsarin yanki da oda. Yi nazarin jituwa tsakanin ci gaba da kiyayewa. Shirye-shirye da ba da kuɗi don yawon shakatawa na muhalli da haɓaka albarkatun ɗan adam.
Tattauna Dokokin Yawon shakatawa na Muhalli
Shawara da haɓaka samfuran, tallace-tallace da shawarwari tare da haɓaka samfuran dorewa, gudummawar wakilai daban-daban, ilimin muhalli, ƙawancen dabarun tsakanin jama'a da sassa masu zaman kansu.
Bita na farashi da fa'idodin don gudummawar su ga kiyaye muhalli, tasirin tasiri, yarda da matakan rigakafi, haɗin kai a cikin kulawa da ƙima, ƙayyadaddun tsarin bincike da gudanarwa.

A cikin muhawarar taron, sun mai da hankali kan tallafawa yawon shakatawa na muhalli a fannoni daban-daban kamar muhalli, zamantakewa da al'adu da tattalin arziki, da kuma hadin gwiwa da shiga cikin al'ummomin gida, gudanarwa, gudanarwa da kula da ayyuka da kuma manufar rarraba ribar da aka samu. .

Yawon shakatawa na muhalli da Green Tourism

Akwai ma’anoni da dama na yawon shakatawa na muhalli, wanda ya shafi yadda ake gudanar da shi, wannan ya faru ne saboda har yanzu ba a bayyana mene ne Tourism na Muhalli ba kuma ba haka yake ba, tare da wannan babu wata hukuma ta duniya da ta kayyade da kuma tabbatar da hakan. aiki. Sakamakon haka, hukumomin yawon shakatawa suna ba da shawarwarin yawon shakatawa tare da ayyukan haɗe da ayyukan cikin yanayi tare da sauran nishaɗin birane. Gudanar da ayyuka a yanayi, kamar rana a bakin teku, sansani, kamun kifi, yawon shakatawa na kasada da sauran ayyukan da ke hulɗa da yanayi, ba yawon shakatawa na muhalli ba ne. Ana iya cewa yawon buɗe ido ne koren yawon buɗe ido ko kuma yawon buɗe ido na halitta kawai.

Bisa la’akari da wadannan yanayi, cibiyoyi irin su Hukumar Kula da Yawon Yawon Bugawa ta Duniya (UNWTO) da Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP), sun buga a cikin mujallu da shafuffuka daban-daban na ma’anar yawon shakatawa na muhalli ko yawon shakatawa da kuma shawarwarin manufofin muhalli da ayyukan alheri don bayar da su. yana dawwama. A cikin waɗannan ma'anoni a bayyane yake cewa kalmar ecotourism tana da ma'ana biyu, ganin cewa a gefe guda ana magana da shi zuwa wani yanki na kasuwa kuma a daya bangaren, ana sarrafa shi a ƙarƙashin wasu ka'idoji.

Menene Yawon shakatawa na Ecological ko Ecotourism?

Kungiyar yawon bude ido ta duniya ta ayyana kalmar yawon shakatawa ta muhalli, a matsayin wani aiki da ke faruwa a cikin yanayi na dabi'a kuma babban makasudin mai yawon bude ido shi ne sani, lura, koyo, gogewa da kimar nau'ikan halittu da al'adun gargajiya tare da daukar nauyi. mai mutunta wurin da aka ziyarta, da nufin kiyaye muhallin halittu da samar da walwalar al'ummar yankin. Dole ne a gudanar da ayyukan ecotourism bin ƙayyadaddun halaye don rage mummunan tasiri a kan yanayin muhalli da tsoffin mazauna.

A cewar kwamitin yawon shakatawa da gasa (CTC), yana ɗaukar yawon shakatawa na muhalli a matsayin babban aiki na maƙasudin ci gaba mai ɗorewa, wani nau'in yawon shakatawa ne da aka mayar da hankali kan yanayin da ke da halaye na kasancewa mai kusanci da ci gaba mai dorewa don haka yana da. bisa ga jagororin ci gaba mai dorewa kuma, saboda wannan, ana goyan bayan cikar abubuwan da ke gaba.

Yana ba da fifiko ga kiyaye bambancin halittu
Yana ba da gudummawa ga jin daɗin rayuwa da dorewar al'ummar yankin
Irin wannan yawon shakatawa ya ƙunshi gogewa na fassarar muhalli da koyo
Yana nuna alhakin gudanarwa ta baƙi da masana'antar yawon shakatawa.
Ana gudanar da ayyukan da farko tare da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ta ƙananan kamfanoni.
A lokacin wannan nau'in aiki, ana amfani da ƙananan albarkatun da ba za a iya sabunta su ba kuma ayyukansa suna tallafawa ta hanyar albarkatu masu sabuntawa kamar: hasken rana, iska, makamashin halittu, da sauransu.
Yana nuna alamar da ta dace da ayyukan gida, kadarori da damar yin shawarwari ga mazauna yankin.

Ma'anar yawon shakatawa na muhalli a cewar sakataren yawon shakatawa na Mexico (SECTUR) sune "waɗanda tafiye-tafiyen da ke da manufar haɗa ayyukan nishaɗi a yankunan halitta da jin daɗin al'adun al'adun muhalli tare da hali a ɓangaren baƙi da kamfanonin yawon bude ido su sani, mutunta, jin dadi da kuma shiga cikin kiyaye albarkatun kasa da na al’adu”. Sakatariyar Yawon shakatawa na Mexico (SECTUR), ta bambanta yawon shakatawa na muhalli da yawon shakatawa na yanayi kuma ta raba na karshen zuwa manyan layuka uku: Yawon shakatawa na Muhalli, yawon shakatawa na kasada da yawon shakatawa na karkara.

Don haka, an ayyana manufar Ecotourism a matsayin “Tafiya da aka shirya tare da ainihin manufar mu’amala, sani da lura da yanayi da haɗin kai wajen kiyayewa. Wannan yawon shakatawa yawanci ana gudanar da shi ne a wuraren da ayyukan ɗan adam bai canza ba kuma ya haɗa da ayyukan wayar da kan muhalli da al'adun gargajiya”. Har ila yau, ana bayyana yawon shakatawa na muhalli da "tafiya zuwa wurare na halitta tare da sanin, koyo da kiyaye muhalli da kuma ba da gudummawa ga inganta al'ummomin da aka ziyarta".

Nau'in Yawon shakatawa na Muhalli

Dangane da ƙuntatawa na Yawon shakatawa na Muhalli ko ayyukan yawon shakatawa, ana iya bambanta nau'ikan uku, an gano su da lamba. Zai zama nau'in ecotourism na nau'in 1. Lokacin da aka karkata zuwa ga kiyaye yanayi; Nau'in ecotourism na 2. Shi ne lokacin da aka karkata zuwa ga kiyaye yanayi da kuma inganta kiyaye al'adun wurin da aka ziyarta da kuma abubuwan tarihi na tarihi. Nau'in ecotourism na 3 zai kasance lokacin da aka ƙara ayyukan ɗorewa na zaman jama'a zuwa kiyaye dabi'a da al'adu, da nufin amfanar jama'ar yankin.

Irin wannan nau'in yawon shakatawa na ƙarshe, ta hanyar haɗa kiyayewa cikin tsari mai faɗi da isasshiyar sarrafa shi don haɗa ayyukan sabis, yana haifar da ingantacciyar rayuwa ga yawan jama'a da ingantaccen rarraba dukiyar da ayyukan yawon buɗe ido ke samarwa, yana tasiri kaɗan zuwa mazauna da muhallinsu.

Al'adu da al'adu

A shekara ta 2003, Asusun Duniya na Yanayi (WWF), ya kayyade ecotourism a matsayin "waɗannan ayyukan yawon shakatawa na muhalli waɗanda ake gudanar da su don amfanar al'umma" yana ƙayyadad da cewa ƙungiyar mutane da ke cikin wannan al'umma ce ke gudanar da wannan yawon shakatawa. kuma wanda ke zaune a wurin. A cikin wannan nau'i na yawon shakatawa na muhalli, jama'ar yankin ba kawai suna shiga cikin ayyukan yawon bude ido ba, har ma da mutane iri ɗaya daga yankin ne ke da alhakin aikin yawon shakatawa na muhalli, wanda ke fifita dukkan membobin, wasu kai tsaye wasu kuma a kaikaice.

Bayan wannan aikin, kungiyar ILO (Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya) a cikin 2003, ta nuna cewa, shawarar Muhalli na Yawon shakatawa tare da al’ummomin ’yan asali da na karkara, ya ta’allaka ne ga wata manufa ta musamman, kamar inganta rayuwar al’ummomin da ke yankunan; don adana asalin al'adu da yanayin muhalli. Ta hanyar ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka ƙarfin ikon gundumar don haɓaka yawon shakatawa mai dorewa da gasa.

A cikin Yarjejeniya ta ILO mai lamba 169 da ke kare hakkin ‘yan asalin kasar, a cikin labarinta na 7, ta ce: “Dole ne al’umma su kasance da hakkin yanke shawarar abin da ya sa a gaba, dangane da ci gabansu da ci gabansu, ya danganta da irin tasirin da hakan zai haifar a cikin al’umma. rayuwarsu, akidarsu, kwayoyin halitta da walwalar ruhi, da kuma yankunan da suka mamaye ko kuma kawai suna amfani da su kuma don aiwatar da su, gwargwadon iyawarsu, ci gaban tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu.

Hakazalika, 'yan asalin da aka ambata za su shiga cikin tsarawa, fayyace, aiwatarwa da tantance tsare-tsaren ci gaban kasa da na shiyya wanda ka iya yin tasiri kai tsaye a kansu. Bisa la’akari da abubuwan da suka gabata, kungiyoyin sun gabatar da bukatu da dama don sanin da kuma bayyana tasirin ayyukan yawon bude ido da ke karuwa a kowace rana, wadanda ake aiwatar da su tare da al'ummomi ko kuma wadanda ake aiwatarwa. a kudin su.

Damuwar ILO ta ta'allaka ne a bangarori biyu na ban sha'awa, na farko shi ne wanda ke magana kan tasirin yawon shakatawa na muhalli ga albarkatun halitta, al'adunsa, da yanayin rayuwa. Dangane da waɗannan buƙatun da aka yi jayayya, ILO ta tsara wani shiri na Ayyukan Ci gaban Kasuwanci don yawon shakatawa na al'umma, wanda aka fi sani da Network don yin aiki tare da al'ummomin da suka nuna sha'awar yawon shakatawa, da'awar ta bayyana a fili : Dabarun tallafi suna yi. ba dole ba ne su canza albarkatu da sararin ƙasa, ko kuma tada ɗimbin ɗaiɗaiɗi, da nufin rashin cin karo da tushen al'adun ƴan asalin kan rayuwa, muhallinsu da ma gaba ɗaya ra'ayinsu na duniya.

Domin magance barazanar da ake yi wa }asashen ‘yan asalin, saboda yuwuwar ayyukan mai da hakar ma’adinai da yawon buxe ido, ya jagoranci }ungiyoyin }asashen da ake kira Confederation of Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon (CONFENAIE) da kuma, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Amazon Basin (COICA) don haɓaka a cikin 1990s tushe na Al'umma-Based Ecological Tourism (EBC) a gabashin Amazon, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a cimma wasu mafi ma'ana ko dorewar hanyoyin tattalin arziki.

Siyasar Jama'a

A cikin 'yan lokutan nan masana'antar yawon shakatawa ta kasance a cikin mafi girman masana'antar sabis. A cikin wannan fanni, Yawon shakatawa na Muhalli ya kasance yana hawa matakai kuma yana sanya kansa don haɓaka cikin sauri, tun a cikin 1990s an sami sha'awar haɓaka yawon shakatawa na kore a cikin nau'ikan kayayyaki da ayyuka daban-daban. A cewar masana a duniya, harkar yawon shakatawa ya karu da kashi 10% zuwa 15% a duk duniya.

Wadannan kashi-kashi na ci gaban yawon shakatawa na muhalli suna ba da damar haɓaka shawarwarin yawon buɗe ido a matsayin martani don inganta rayuwar al'ummomi da yankuna, ta masu cin gashin kansu, ƙungiyoyin sa-kai, ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, cibiyoyin gwamnati, da kuma ba da amsa da ke fuskantar barazanar ayyukan gandun daji. , hakar ma'adinai, saren gonaki da kuma hako man fetur, wadanda ke da illa ga muhalli da al'umma.

Baya ga wannan, sashen yawon shakatawa na muhalli yana da ikon inganta ayyukan yi, musayar waje da kayayyakin da ke inganta ci gaban gida. Duk da haka, game da yuwuwar yanayin muhalli, akwai ɗan haɗuwa a cikin ma'anar abin da ake nufi da ecotourism kuma wannan matsala ta haifar da fitowar shawarwari tare da alamun "kore" da "ecotourism", ba tare da bin ka'idodin ecotourism ba. . A cewar Azevedo Luíndia (2005) saboda wannan kuskure a cikin ma'anarsa... "Yawon shakatawa na muhalli na iya zama komai kuma komai a lokaci guda ba zai iya zama ba komai"...

Tasirin Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa

Abin takaici, al'ummomin gida ko na kusa da yanayin yanayin ba sa samun isassun gudunmawar tattalin arziki. Jin da kamfanonin yawon shakatawa ke amfani da su musamman ta hanyar karuwar masu yawon bude ido, lura da yadda kudaden ke kaiwa ga kungiyoyin waje kuma kadan ne tasirin tasirin da ke kaiwa ga kungiyoyin gida. Kazalika wannan mummunan tasiri, za a iya bayyana sauran tasiri ga al'ummomi.

Mummunan tasirin zamantakewa na Yawon shakatawa na Muhalli shine canje-canjen mallakar ƙasa a cikin ƙauyuka da kuma lokacin ba da siyarwar hasashe na faruwa game da ƙimar siyar da shi kuma wannan da farko yana shafar mazauna gida waɗanda ke jin rashin jin daɗi saboda kasancewar baƙi waɗanda suke amfani da sarari tare da kariya. yankuna da sauran wuraren yawon shakatawa, wani lokacin rashin mutunci.
A wurare masu rauni sosai saboda wurare ne da ɗan adam bai shiga ba, masu yawon bude ido za su iya yin mummunan tasiri a kansu waɗanda, saboda jahilci, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice suna shafar flora da fauna. Misali, idan suna ciyar da dabbobi irin su birai, tsuntsaye ko kada don maziyarta su dauki hotuna. Canza yanayin ciyar da dabbobi.
Rikice-rikicen sha’awa na kara ta’azzara ne ta hanyar amfani da al’adun gargajiya da ‘yan kasar ke yi, a wuraren da suka saba aiwatar da shi, kamar yankan wuta, farauta, hako shuke-shuken magani, da kuma amfani da ganyen dabino don gina rufin gidajensu. Wannan saboda ta hanyar kunna ziyara don yawon shakatawa, an kafa haramci ga kewayen al'ummomin da ke kewaye da yanayin, kamar yadda aka sanya su a matsayin wuraren kariya.
Sabbin gine-gine na yawon shakatawa na Muhalli, kamar gine-ginen otal, shaguna daban-daban, gidajen abinci, an gina su kusa da filaye na yanayi, suna yin mummunan tasiri ga yanayin ƙasa saboda wasu suna da ƙirar gine-ginen da ba su dace da yanayin yanayin ba. Halin da ake amfani da su na iya haifar da gurɓataccen muhalli, saboda tarin gurɓataccen iska, gurɓataccen hayaniya, gurɓataccen ruwansa, hasken dare kusa da wuraren da dabbobin gida ke zaune.
Tsarin hanyoyin tafsirin da masu ziyara za su yi amfani da su galibi ana tsara su ne kuma yakan faru cewa hanyar ta zama ba ta dace ba saboda hanya ɗaya ce a can da ta baya, maimakon wurin da ke ba da damar kewayawa. Saboda haka, matsalolin zaizayar ƙasa na iya haifarwa ta hanyar tattakewa, wani lokacin kuma masu yawon bude ido suna jagorantar mutane masu ƙarancin sanin wurin da jagora, suna yin balaguro mara kyau tare da ƙarancin bayanai.
Rashin nazarin ƙarfin nauyi a cikin wuraren da aka ziyarta, musamman a wurare masu rauni ga kowane nau'in mummunan tasirin muhalli. Yakan faru da cewa akwai ɗan ƙaramin shiri don iyakance ko sarari ƙofar shiga wurare ko hanyoyi lokacin da ƙarfin ɗaukarsu ya wuce.
Yawanci yakan faru ne da yawa daga cikin shawarwarin yawon shakatawa na muhalli suna da sha'awar jawo masu yawon bude ido daga ketare, saboda yawan kudin shiga na kasashen waje da irin wannan yawon shakatawa ke bayarwa. Sakamakon haka, an ba da kulawa kaɗan ga ƴan yawon bude ido da kuma ƙungiyar makaranta na gida, waɗanda ba su da albarkatun tafiya.

Ba tare da la'akari da ma'anar da ka'idodin yawon shakatawa na muhalli ba, da kuma damar da masana'antar yawon shakatawa ke amfani da ita, akwai ƙungiyoyin tattalin arziki waɗanda ke yin la'akari da babban yuwuwar haɓaka ga ɓangaren yawon shakatawa. Idan aka yi la'akari da wannan ra'ayi, yawon shakatawa na muhalli na iya taka rawa mai kyau a cikin ci gaban ƙasashen duniya na uku da yawa saboda dalilai daban-daban: samun kuɗin shiga da haɓaka ayyukan yi, haɓaka ababen more rayuwa da haɓaka tattalin arziƙi na yau da kullun.

Ƙasashen da ke da ƙarancin haɓakar tattalin arziƙin saboda wasu sassa na tattalin arziƙin kuma suna da kyawawan yanayin yanayin yanayi da al'adun gargajiya masu ban sha'awa, kamar Brazil, Peru, Bolivia da Ecuador. Gabaɗaya, sashen yawon buɗe ido na muhalli yana buƙatar ɗan jarin hannun jari daga ɓangaren jama'a a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa, idan aka kwatanta da yawon buɗe ido na yau da kullun; ko da yake, Yawon shakatawa na Ecological ko yawon shakatawa na iya kawo fa'ida ga al'ummomin gida fiye da yawon shakatawa na gargajiya.

Dangane da haka, yawon shakatawa na muhalli a cikin yanayin tattalin arzikinsa yana gauraye da manyan magudanan ruwa na falsafar ɗan adam da son kai. Idan ya zo ga batun muhalli, daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da za a tattauna shi ne yadda zai iya zama fa'ida mai fa'ida daga mahangar tattalin arziki ga al'ummomin yankinsa da kuma kasa mai karba. Kamar yadda kuma ya kasance tushen samun kudin shiga ga masu gudanar da kasuwanci na kasashen waje, musamman yadda wannan bangaren kasuwa ke ci gaba da bunkasa.

Hakan ya haifar da cece-kuce, ganin cewa wannan kyakkyawan arzikin na tattalin arziki ba ya kan kai wa kasashen da za su nufa sannan kuma ga tattalin arzikin al'ummomin yankin inda wuraren da ke da kyau kwarai da al'adar kakanninsu suke. Dangane da binciken da aka yi kan tasirin tattalin arziki na ayyukan yawon shakatawa na muhalli, akwai babban ka'idar da ke nuna cewa yawon shakatawa na muhalli yana ƙara samun kuɗi a fannoni uku:

A cikin ƙasar da albarkatun muhalli da/ko al'adu suke, saboda kuɗin waje da masu yawon bude ido ke samu.
Zuwa ga al'ummar yankin bisa la'akarin shigar da suke yi a harkokin yawon bude ido, da kuma ta hanyar sauran sassan da suka dace.
Zuwa ga mai kula da sararin samaniya ko ayyukan al'adu don gudummawar da suke samu kai tsaye daga masu yawon bude ido lokacin da suka biya don samun dama.

Abubuwan da ke hana ci gaban Ecotourism

Akwai 'yan karatun da ke ba da tabbacin yadda yawon shakatawa zai iya ba da cikakkiyar amsa kan yadda za a iya gamsar da ci gaba da karuwar bukatar masu yawon bude ido na muhalli. Bisa la'akari da rashin shiri a cikin gajeren lokaci da matsakaici, yana aiki ta hanyar magance matsalolin gaggawa (har ma da ingantawa) lokacin da rikici ko bala'i ya faru. Ba tare da tantance dalilin da ya sa hakan ya faru ba domin daukar hangen nesa a wata dama ta gaba.

Ko da yake akwai ɗimbin wallafe-wallafen da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Ba a yi ba a yi ba ko kuma an yi nazari kadan. Akwai bayanai a cikin yaruka daban-daban, kamar Mutanen Espanya. A gefe guda kuma, gudummawar kasafin kuɗi ba ta da yawa don aiwatar da tsare-tsare, aiwatarwa da sa ido kan sha'anin yawon shakatawa, musamman a wuraren otal. A halin yanzu, akwai ilimin wani shiri na ƙungiyoyi don cancanta da ba da tabbaci ga otal-otal, bisa ga yadda suke da hankali game da muhalli, duk da haka, sakamakon da tasirinsu a kan gaskiyar ayyukan yawon buɗe ido har yanzu ba a tantance ba.

Akwai ƴan cibiyoyin ilimi kuma suna da inganci mai inganci a fannin ilimi akan yawon buɗe ido. Cibiyar ilimi da aka sani kuma tana da takaddun shaida da ke tabbatar da ita, ta yadda za ta kasance mai bada garantin horar da kwararru da masu bincike a fannin yawon shakatawa na muhalli a wurare daban-daban da matakan horo da ƙwarewa. Hakanan, sami kyakkyawar alaƙa da mazauna waɗannan cibiyoyi don cin gajiyar ilimin halittarsu, na abinci, na gargajiya, ilimin fasaha waɗanda za a iya amfani da su.

An gudanar da kididdigar ƙididdiga kaɗan na haƙiƙa da sa ido waɗanda ke ba da rahoto dalla-dalla game da tasirin yawon shakatawa na muhalli, don yin la'akari da shi kuma, bisa ga wannan bayanin, yin gyare-gyare ko canza yanayin kasancewa mai mahimmanci da haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin tunkarar yawon buɗe ido. .ta hanyar da ta fi dacewa da dorewa akan lokaci.

Halayen Yawon shakatawa na Muhalli

Hanyoyi na ayyukan yawon shakatawa na muhalli da aka yi amfani da su na iya zama babban kayan aiki don haɓaka kiyayewa da kariya ga yanayin yanayi da al'adun al'adun al'ummomi, idan an aiwatar da kyakkyawan aikin irin wannan yawon shakatawa kuma, duk da haka, aiwatar da Ayyukan yawon shakatawa na muhalli mara kyau na iya haifar da mummunan tasiri ga dabbobi, flora da duk albarkatun ƙasa da al'adu na yanki.

Irin wannan nau'in yawon shakatawa na muhalli yana ci gaba da amsa dandana da buƙatun yawan masu yawon bude ido na muhalli, waɗanda ke ƙara sha'awar gano yanayin yanayi da kuma amsa buƙatun amsa hanyar haɗa kiyayewa tare da ayyukan ci gaba. Tare da ƴan tallafi don baiwa al'umma masu karɓa damar taka rawar gani a cikin rawar da suke takawa, domin su ne farkon masu cin gajiyar. Saboda haka, fa'idar tattalin arziƙin, mafi girma, ya kasance a hannun masu gudanar da yawon buɗe ido da kamfanoni, amma ba a sake saka hannun jari don ƙarfafa al'umma da muhalli ba.

Ko da yake an yi imanin cewa ayyukan yawon shakatawa na Muhalli yana cikin ci gaban tattalin arzikin al'ummomin gida, amma yana da nufin samar da tsarin gudanarwa wanda yanki ko ƙasa ke karɓa, don samun tayin da ba a saba da shi ba na yanayin yanayin da ba a taɓa shi ba da haɓaka ƙasa da ƙasa. cinikin balaguro azaman kayan aikin shigo da yanar gizo.

Mercado

Kamfanin yawon shakatawa yana haɓaka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan a duk faɗin duniya, duk da haka, kasancewar ba duk ƙasashe ne suka ƙaddara manufofi ko takaddun shaida ga kamfanonin yawon shakatawa waɗanda suka bi duk ka'idodin wannan ɓangaren yawon shakatawa wanda ke da alaƙa da amfani mai dorewa, wanda ya haifar da rudani. a cikin hanyar da yake ba da sabis da abin da yake bayarwa a zahiri.

A wannan lokacin, tayin yawon shakatawa na muhalli a duniya haske ne kawai yawon shakatawa na muhalli ko kore wanki, wato, talla mai kayatarwa da hotuna masu kayatarwa na sararin samaniya da kuma lakabin yawon shakatawa na muhalli, da nufin jawo hankalin masu yawon bude ido da ba su wasu ayyuka. yawanci ba sa saduwa da ƙa'idodin ecotourism na gaskiya.

A zahiri, rukunin otal na gargajiya da aka gina kusa da bakin teku ko, kusa da tsattsauran yanayin yanayin halitta wanda ya yi fice don kyawunsa na ban mamaki, yawanci ana lura dasu. Yawan yawon bude ido yakan haifar da illoli da dama kuma wadanda aka fi so su ne masu otal da masu gudanar da yawon bude ido, ba tare da wata gudumawa ba wajen kiyaye muhalli da al'ummomi da mazaunansu, sai dai ayyukan yi masu rahusa da ake samar da su don karban ma'aikata. masu yawon bude ido. Yawon shakatawa na muhalli ya sami suka da yawa saboda rashin ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa a kasuwannin duniya yana ba da yanayin muhalli wanda ba gaskiya bane kamar dai.

Misalai na Yawon shakatawa na Muhalli

Akwai ƴan ayyukan yawon buɗe ido na muhalli waɗanda za a iya ba da su a matsayin misalai masu kyau, wannan bisa la’akari da cewa duk da cewa filayen yanayi sun faɗi gaba ɗaya cikin ka’idojin yawon shakatawa na muhalli ko yawon shakatawa, waɗannan ayyukan suna da mummunar tasiri ta irin nasarar da aka samu a cikin irin wannan nau'in yawon shakatawa. . Saboda kyawun kyansa da sauran dabi'un muhalli, yana jan hankalin baƙi da yawa, kodayake akwai ƙuntatawa na shiga. Wasu misalan yawon shakatawa na Muhalli a cikin sararin samaniya, waɗanda ke da ƙa'idodin amfani da su don zama wuraren kariya da gudanarwa na musamman.

Galapagos Islands a Ecuador.
Fernando de Noronha National Marine Park a Brazil.
La Selva Biological Station, OET Halittar Halitta mai zaman kansa a Costa Rica.
Chubut a Patagonia a Argentina.
Pico Duarte da San Juan de la Maguana National Parks a Jamhuriyar Dominican.
Olmos-Lambayeque a Peru.
Kruger National Park a Afirka ta Kudu.
Reserve Park: Maasai Mara, Kenya.
Souss-Massa National Park, Morocco.
Turuépano National Park, Sucre jihar a Venezuela.
Rio Negro, Amazon.
Tingo Maria National Park, Huánuco, Peru.
Saliyo La Macarena a Colombia.
Los Nevadas National Park, Colombia.
El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico.
Crax- Cibiyar Ceto a Peru.
Las Estacas-Morelos Natural Park, Mexico.
Guadalupe Island a Baja California, Mexico.
Cerro el Chumil- Jantetelco, a cikin Morelos Mexico.

Fernando de Noronha Island

Tsibiran Atlantika na Brazil sun ayyana Rijistar Fernando de Noroña da Atoll na Rocks da Cibiyar Tarihi ta Duniya ta UNESCO a cikin 2001. Tana cikin iyakar jihar Pernambuco a Brazil. Tsibiri ne mai aman wuta da ke cikin Tekun Atlantika mai fadin kilomita 26² kuma tana da tsibirai 21 da ba kowa a ciki kuma mafi girma daga cikin tsibiran ne kawai ke da yawan jama'a, wanda girmansa ya kai kilomita 17.² wanda ake kira daya da tsibirai. Sauran tsibiran na cikin National Marine Park, saboda haka an ba da izinin ziyartar su kawai don gudanar da bincike.

Wannan tsibiri, tare da Atol das Rocas da Abrolhos, masu ruwa da tsaki suna yabawa sosai, shi ya sa yawancin masu yawon bude ido ke tafiya tsibirin don kawai nutsewa. Shekaru 15 da suka gabata wuraren yawon bude ido har yanzu suna da sauqi kuma na asali, masaukin dangi ne da wuraren cin abinci kaɗan; a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an gyara wuraren kuma an gina sabbin masauki tare da sabis na neman masu yawon bude ido. Ya kamata a lura cewa masu yawon bude ido da ke ziyartar tsibirin tsibirin suna tafiya ne kawai don jin dadin wurin nutsewa da jin dadin kyawawan dabi'u, ba tare da la'akari da kadan ba.

Turuepano National Park

Wannan wurin shakatawa ne na kasa a Venezuela, wanda ke cikin Jihar Sucre, a gefen arewacin San Juan da gaban Tekun Paria. Wannan wurin shakatawa na ƙasa ya yi fice don filayen ɓangarorinsa tare da tasirin ruwa, na musamman a Venezuela. Mangroves, bututu da magudanar ruwa sun fito waje kuma fitaccen memba na fauna shine manatee. Filayensa kusan hekta 72.600 ne.

Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve

Wurin ajiyar dazuzzuka na dajin Monteverde Cloud wani yanki ne mai zaman kansa wanda ke cikin Costa Rica, a cikin lardunan Puntarenas da Ajajuela, tare da Saliyo Tilarán. An kafa wannan ajiyar ne a cikin 1972, kuma yana da fadin kadada 10.500, yana karbar matsakaitan maziyarta 70.000 a shekara. 90% na ajiyar dajin budurwa ne kuma a cikin ajiyar zaku iya ganin yankuna 6 na muhalli.

Yana da alaƙa da yawan ɗimbin halittunsa a cikin tsire-tsire da dabbobi, a cikin wannan ajiyar an kwatanta nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 2500, wanda ke nuna nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan orchids, nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa 100, nau'ikan tsuntsaye 400, nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe 120 da masu rarrafe. da dubban kwari.

La Selva Biological Station

Wannan tashar nazarin halittu tana samun ziyarar sosai daga kwararru a fannoni daban-daban kamar masana ilimin dabi'ar dabi'a, masanan ilmin halitta, ichthyologists, masanan ilmin halitta da sauran fannoni. Tana cikin Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, a yankin arewacin Costa Rica. Tashar wani yanki ne na babban yanki mai kariya, Yankin Kariya na La Selva. Wannan Tashar Halittar Halittu tana yawan yawaita don gudanar da bincike kan albarkatun ƙasa na wurare masu zafi.

Wannan tasha tana cikin wani yanki mai karewa mai nisan kilomita 15² na farkon gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. Wannan wurin ajiyar yana kewaye da wuraren da aka shiga tsakani don aikin noma kuma yana da iyaka da wurin shakatawa na Braulio Carrillo, wanda shine tsawo na Yankin Tsararrun Wuta na Tsakiya. Adana ne mai zaman kansa kuma mai shi, Organization for Tropical Studies (OET) ke sarrafa shi.

Ina gayyatar ku da ku ci gaba da sanin yanayin ban mamaki da yadda ake kula da shi, karanta waɗannan abubuwan: