Volcanoes wani bangare ne na geomorphology na Duniya. Geomorphology wani reshe ne na ilimin kasa da ilmin kasa wanda ke nazarin siffofin saman duniya, wanda ke da alhakin bayyana su, fahimtar asalinsu da halayensu na yanzu. A cikin geomorphology mun sami musamman volcanology, wanda shine kimiyya, wanda ke magana musamman game da nazarin duk wani abu da ya shafi volcanoes.
Duk nau'ikan dutsen mai aman wuta sun kasu gida uku bisa ga geomorphology, aikinsa na volcanic da fashewar sa. Idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da su tare da wasu misalai, a cikin wannan post ɗin za mu yi magana game da su.
Volcanoes, kamar yadda muka fada a farkon wannan sakon, ana rarraba su ne bisa ga tsarin halittarsu, aikin dutsen da suke da shi da kuma nau'in fashewar dutsen. Bari mu yi taƙaitaccen gabatarwa ga wannan rarrabuwa:
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Nau'in tsaunuka bisa ga su aiki: Volcanoes masu aiki, marasa aiki kuma batattu
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Nau'in tsaunuka bisa ga su geomorphology: garkuwa dutsen mai aman wuta, stratovolcanoes, calderas, cinder (ko scoria) cones, da lava domes.
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Nau'in tsaunuka bisa ga su kurjiVolcanoes na Hawai, Dutsen Strombolian, Vulcan volcanoes, Pelean volcanoes, hydromagmatic volcanoes, Icelandic volcanoes, da volcanoes na karkashin ruwa.
Nau'in dutsen mai aman wuta gwargwadon ayyukansu
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya. Nau'in tsaunukan tsaunuka bisa ga ayyukansu suna aiki, marasa aiki kuma ba su daɗe.. A ƙasa za mu yi magana game da kowannensu.
Volcanos mai aiki
Su ne wadanda dutsen mai aman wuta zai iya fashewa a kowane lokaci. Wannan yana faruwa ga mafi yawan duwatsu masu aman wuta, wasu misalan waɗannan sune Tsohon Babban Taron a tsibirin La Palma na Mutanen Espanya (a halin yanzu fashewa), Sicilia, Dutsen Etna daga Italiya (a halin yanzu fashewa), Wutar Guatemala (a halin yanzu kuma a cikin fashewa) da kuma Irazu volcano in Costa Rica.
Rashin dutsen aman wuta
Su ne dutsen mai aman wuta da ke rage yawan ayyukansu, ana kuma san su dormant volcanoes. Ko da yake ayyukansa ba su da yawa, wani lokacin yana fashewa. Ana ɗaukar dutsen mai aman wuta idan bai fashe ba tsawon ƙarni. Dutsen mai aman wuta Dutsen Teide a cikin Canary Islands na Spain da kuma supervolcano Yellowstone a Amurka misalai ne na tsaunukan da ba a kwance ba. Duk da haka, waɗannan misalan biyu na baya-bayan nan sun nuna motsi, tare da ƙananan girgizar asa a yankunansu, suna nuna cewa har yanzu suna "rai" kuma ana iya kunna su a wani lokaci, ba su ƙare ba ko kuma sun yi hijira.
batattu volcanoes
Dutsen tsaunuka ne waɗanda fashewar ta ƙarshe ta faru fiye da shekaru 25.000.. A kowane hali, masu binciken ba su yanke hukuncin cewa a wani lokaci za su sake fashewa ba. Waɗancan duwatsu masu aman wuta waɗanda ƙungiyoyin tectonic suka raba su da muhallinsu dangane da tushen magma suma suna ɗaukar wannan sunan. Dutsen mai aman wuta Diamond Head a Hawaii misali ne na tsautsayi da ya mutu.
Nau'in volcanoes bisa ga yanayin yanayin yanayin su
garkuwa volcanoes
Waɗannan manyan tsaunuka ne. Ana siffanta su da samun diamita fiye da tsayin su.. An ƙayyade siffar wannan dutsen mai aman wuta ta hanyar ci gaba da taruwar fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta. Misali, galibin tsaunukan da ke cikin tsibiran Galapagos suna da wannan siffa, kamar Volcano na Wolf.
stratovolcanoes
Kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, irin wannan dutsen mai aman wuta An yi shi da yadudduka na basaltic lava da dutse.. Siffar su ce ta conical kuma sun samo asali ne daga fashewar fashewar da ke musanya da sauran masu natsuwa. A matsayin misali na stratovolcano, za mu iya ambaci Colima volcano a Mexico.
volcanic calderas
Sun samo asali ne daga babban fashewa ko rushewar dakin magma. A matsayin babban sifa, zamu iya magana game da siffarsa, wanda yayi kama da wani babban rami. da bandama crater a Gran Canaria misali ne na irin wannan dutsen mai aman wuta.
Cinder (ko slag) cones
Wadannan su ne mafi yawan aman wuta daga ƙasa. SAn siffanta su da ƙananan girman su. kuma da wuya ya wuce mita 300 a tsayi. Kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, an gina su daga toka da/ko slag. A Peru, fiye da 45 scoria cones ana samun su na musamman a yankunan Arequipa da Cusco.
lawa dome
Irin wannan dutsen mai aman wuta ya samo asali ne lokacin da lava ba ta da ruwa sosai, sannan ya taru ya matse ramin. Yayin da lava ta taru, wata irin kubba ta samu a saman dutsen mai aman wuta. Misali shine dome na dutsen mai aman wuta Chain a Chile.
Nau'in tsaunuka bisa ga fashewar su
Hawauyan volcanoes
Lava na waɗannan tsaunuka yana da ruwa kuma baya sakin iskar gas ko haifar da fashewa yayin fashewar.. Don haka fashe ya yi shiru. Yawancin tsaunuka a Hawaii suna da irin wannan fashewa, saboda haka sunan. Musamman, zamu iya ambaton dutsen mai aman wuta na Hawaii da ake kira Mauna loa.
Strombolian volcanoes
Ba kamar dutsen mai aman wuta da aka kwatanta ba, dutsen mai aman wuta na Strombolia yana gabatar da a ba ruwa sosai, kuma fashewar ta ƙunshi fashe-fashe a jere. A haƙiƙa, lava ta yi crystallized yayin da take hawan bututu, sa'an nan kuma aikin volcanic ya ragu zuwa ƙera ƙwallo masu ƙarfi na lava, wanda ake kira volcanic ejecta. Sunan wannan nau'in dutsen mai aman wuta yana nufin dutsen mai aman wuta na Stromboli da ke Italiya, wanda ke tashi da sauri a kowane minti 10.
volcanoes
A wannan yanayin, su ne tashin hankali sosai wanda zai iya lalata aman wutar da suke ciki. The Lava yana halin kasancewa sosai danko kuma tare da babban abun ciki na gas. A matsayin misali, zamu iya ambaton dutsen mai aman wuta Volcano a Italiya, wanda ayyukansa na aman wuta ya haifar da irin wannan dutsen mai aman wuta.
fada da aman wuta
Waɗannan duwatsun suna da lava mai ɗanɗano sosai mai ƙarfi da sauri don samar da filogi a cikin ramin. Babban matsa lamba da iskar gas ke haifarwa a ciki yana haifar da tsagewar gefe don buɗewa kuma, wani lokaci, ana fitar da filogi da ƙarfi. A matsayin misali muna iya ambaton dutsen mai aman wuta Perret a tsibirin Martinique, inda aka samo sunan wannan dutsen mai aman wuta.
hydromagmatic volcanoes
Fashewar fashewar ta haifar da mu'amalar ma'aunin magma a cikin mu'amala da ruwan karkashin kasa ko ruwan saman.. Dangane da ma'aunin magma/ruwa, ana iya sakin babban adadin tururi. Irin wannan aikin volcane ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin duwatsu masu aman wuta a yankin Campo de Calatrava na Spain.
Dutsen dutsen Icelandic
A cikin ire-iren wadannan duwatsu masu aman wuta, lava yana gudana kuma ana fitar da fashewar ta hanyar tsagewar ƙasa, ba daga cikin ramin ba. Ta haka aka kafa Babban Lava Plateau. AYawancin waɗannan tsaunuka suna cikin Iceland., don haka sunansa. Misali na musamman shine dutsen mai aman wuta krafla a Iceland.
volcanoes na karkashin teku
Ko da yake abin mamaki, akwai kuma tashin tsaunuka a ƙarƙashin teku. I mana, fashewar teku yawanci ba ta daɗe ba. A wasu lokuta, lafazin da aka fitar zai iya isa saman ƙasa kuma ya samar da tsibiran volcanic yayin da yake sanyi. Misalin dutsen mai aman wuta a karkashin ruwa shine dutsen mai aman wuta kavachi kusa da tsibirin Solomon.
Ina fatan wannan labarin ya taimaka muku ƙarin koyo game da nau'ikan dutsen mai aman wuta da halayensu. Idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da tsaunuka masu aman wuta za ku iya ziyartar wannan mahada.