An ɗaukaka Thiomargarita kusa da dime [HOTO NA TOMAS TYML]
kwatanta shi a kan sikelin ɗan adam kamar ƙattai sun wanzu daga tatsuniyoyi. Kuma ba ina nufin ’yan kato da gora masu tsayin mitoci ba ne, ba kuma ga ’yan kato masu tsayi kamar wani babban gini ba (misali Burj Khalifa mai tsayin mita 820) amma ga Giants mai girman girman Everest, Kattai sama da 8000m tsayi. Wannan shi ne jin da sauran kwayoyin cutar dole ne su kasance da su lokacin yin la'akari da m thiodaisy.
Girman da m thiodaisy ba shine kawai abin mamaki ba cewa wannan kwayar cutar tana da, amma don fahimtar ta da kyau, bari mu fara a farkon:
Menene ƙwayoyin cuta?
"Su ne unicellular microorganisms ba tare da bambancin tsakiya." Wannan shine yadda zamu iya samun ma'anar kwayoyin cuta a cikin RAE. Duk da haka, da m thiodaisy ana iya gani da ido tsirara, wanda bai dace da ma’anar kwayoyin cuta ba sani har yanzu.
Bugu da kari, an same su kasancewar "gutsi" na DNA a cikin membrane dinta, wanda kuma ba zai dace da ma'anar kwayar cutar ba. Wani abu da za mu yi magana game da dan kadan a kasa.
Ta yaya aka gano shi? m thiodaisy?
Muna magana ne game da wani binciken kusa kusa da lokaci, daga 2009. A cikin wannan shekara Olivier Gros, wani mai bincike na Faransa, yana cikin mangroves na tsibirin Guadeloupe a cikin Caribbean kuma ya lura da kasancewar. wasu zaren farare masu kyau waɗanda ke cikin ganyayen ruɓe na jajayen fadamar mangrove. Duk da haka, ba zai kasance a wannan lokacin da aka gano cewa waɗannan ƙananan zaren ba ne.
Sunan ku
A cikin 2015, Masanin ilimin halittu na Mexico Silvina González Rizzo ya sami nasarar nazarin waɗannan zaren tare da gano cewa. Kwayar sulfur ce. Daga wannan lokacin za ta sami sunan "Thiomargarita" saboda bayyanar sel da kamanceceniya da abin da ake la'akari da mafi girman ƙwayoyin cuta har zuwa yanzu: Thiomargarita namibiensis. Wannan kashi na farko na sunan yana nufin "lu'u-lu'u na sulfur".
Kashi na biyu na sunan wannan kwayoyin cuta (m) Ya zo ne don nuna bambancin girmansa kuma masanin ƙwayoyin cuta na Mexica ya ƙirƙira shi.
Girmansa na musamman
An ci gaba da bincike kan wannan kwayoyin cuta kuma zai kasance daidai dalibin digiri na wani masanin Faransa wanda zai yi nasara wajen tsara kwayoyin halittar wannan kwayar cutar mai ban sha'awa. Girman tantanin halitta na m thiodaisy Ya zarce duk wanda aka riga aka sani. Kasancewar ana iya ganin kwayar cutar da ido tsirara ya kawo sauyi a duniyar kwayoyin halitta kuma lokaci yayi da za a yi la’akari da ko ya kamata a canza ma’anar. Za mu iya gani kamar yadda muke ganin shafi.
Na dogon lokaci An yi tunanin cewa ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ba za su iya girma ba saboda bukatunsu. Wato girman tantanin halitta, yawan kuzarin da yake sha don tsira da yawan abincin da yake sha. The m thiodaisy Yana da ƙungiyar salula wanda ke ƙaura daga ƙwayoyin cuta (wanda aka sani da zama mafi mahimmanci), ya fi kama da kwayoyin halitta da dabbobi da suka fi girma.
Masanan kimiyyar sun ba da tabbacin cewa ganowa da bincike a kusa da wannan kwayar cutar za su ma taimakawa gano dalilin da yasa kwayoyin halittar eukaryotic ke karuwa da girma.
Ƙirƙirar ku a cikin DNA
Girman ba shine kawai abin mamaki game da wannan kwayar cutar ba, suna da tsari mai rikitarwa fiye da kowane sanannun ƙwayoyin cuta: raba DNA zuwa wani nau'i na sassan da ake kira kokwamba. Wato tana adana DNA ɗinta a cikin ƴaƴan ƴan kaya masu kyau.
Bacteria prokaryotes ne, wato kwayoyin halitta unicellular ba tare da kwayar halitta ba, don haka DNA din su yana da 'yanci ko sako-sako. Eukaryotes, a gefe guda, suna da DNA kewaye da ambulan. The m thiodaisy Kwayar cuta ce saboda haka tana cikin prokaryotes. Duk da haka, tantanin halitta yana da waɗannan "kwayoyin" wanda ke rufe DNA ta tantanin halitta. Bugu da ƙari, kwayoyin halittarsa kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma na prokaryotes.
Gano wannan kwayoyin cuta, saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci saboda sa sake tunani iyakar kwayoyin cuta.
Kwayoyin cuta ba su da hadadden tsarin eukaryotes, ko da yake bai kamata mu yi la'akari da su a matsayin sauki kwayoyin ko dai. Kwayoyin cuta na iya amfani da sukari, girma akan nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban, sadarwa da halayyar zamantakewa, da sauransu.
Mafi kyawun Thiomarguerite a yau
Kwayar cuta ce har yanzu ana nazari da kuma cewa yana sake tunanin duniyar kwayoyin cuta. Har ila yau, zai taimaka wajen fahimtar sauran nau'o'in halittu irin su eukaryotes, inda mu mutane suka sami kanmu.
Wani abu mai ban sha'awa game da yanayi shine cewa miliyoyin abubuwa sun rage don ganowa kuma waɗannan abubuwan zasu iya wargaza abin da muka fahimta a matsayin al'ada. Yana a tunatarwa akai-akai cewa dole ne mu kasance a buɗe ga canje-canje.