Lokacin da mutum ya yi farin ciki da kuma bayan dakika za su iya canza yanayin su, yana da dangantaka da yanayin yanayi, wanda za'a iya rarraba shi a cikin ka'idar motsin rai da za a yi daki-daki a cikin wannan labarin, kar a rasa shi.
Hankali na iya tasiri mai kyau ko mara kyau ga halin mutum.
Ka'idar motsin rai
Hanyoyi sune matakai masu rikitarwa tare da bambancin abubuwan da ke shiga tsakani kuma suna nunawa a cikin sauye-sauye na jiki da na tunani daban-daban wanda hakan yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan tunani da halayyar ɗan adam. Fannin kimiyyar zamantakewa ya zurfafa bincike kan motsin zuciyar ɗan adam, inda ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ke tasiri saboda babban gudummawar da yake bayarwa a fagen.
Hankali ya samo asali ne daga tsarin limbic na kwakwalwa, ya yi daidai da daya daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi masu alaka kai tsaye da halin mutum, saboda yana tasiri daban-daban sauyin yanayi da zai iya faruwa a cikin dan Adam.
Nau'in ka'idar motsin rai
A cikin ka'idar motsin rai za ku iya samun nau'o'in karatu da masana a yankin suka yi; masana ilimin halayyar dan adam da masu ilimin dan Adam inda suka ambaci dabaru da aikace-aikace daban-daban da za a iya yin nazari. Za a iya tattara ra'ayoyin farko na motsin rai a cikin aji uku:
- Masu ilimin lissafin jiki sune wadanda ke bayyana cewa martanin da ke tsakanin jiki yana da alhakin rikice-rikice na motsin rai.
- Magungunan jijiyoyin jiki, sune waɗanda ke musanta cewa motsin da ke cikin kwakwalwa yana haifar da ƙwaƙƙwaran martani na motsin rai.
- Masu fahimi sune waɗanda ke ba da shawarar cewa ƙungiyoyi da sauran motsin kwakwalwa suna da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tafiyar motsin rai.
Mai karatu, muna gayyatar ka da ka ziyarce ka da ka bi labarin mu a kai maganganun motsa jiki na sirri kuma za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da kayan aikin daban-daban don motsin rai a kowane fanni na rayuwa.
ka'idar juyin halitta
Matsayin juyin halitta yana tattare a cikin yanayin tarihi wanda motsin rai ya yada; Bisa ga ka'idar juyin halitta na motsin rai, motsin rai yana can saboda suna inganta aikace-aikacen.
Suna sa mu amsa da sauri ga lallashi a cikin yanayi, wanda ke ba mu damar inganta damar samun nasara da juriya.
Charles Darwin shine wanda ya fallasa cewa motsin zuciyar ya biyo bayan ci gaba saboda an daidaita su kuma suna ba da damar mutane da dabbobi su rayu kuma su ninka.
Hankalin soyayya da sadaukarwa yana sa mutane su nemi abokin aurensu kuma su yawaita. Jin tsoro yana buƙatar ɗan adam ya tsokane ko guje wa tushen haɗari.
Fahimtar da gano motsin zuciyar wasu ta hanya ɗaya yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kariya da juriya. Ta hanyar iya fahimtar maganganun wasu mutane masu sha'awar za mu iya, bayyana haɗari da wuri da kyau.
Ka'idar James-Lange
Ka'idar James-Lange hasashe ne game da ƙa'ida, muhalli, da canja wurin motsin rai. William James da Carl Lange ne suka gabatar da wannan binciken a layi daya, amma kowannensu a cikin shekara ta 1884.
Imani na James-Lange ya nuna cewa ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tana ɗauka kuma tana ƙaddamar da abubuwan sha'awa waɗanda ke haifar da motsin rai, haifar da canje-canje a cikin gabobin visceral ta hanyar tsarin juyayi mai zaman kansa da kuma cikin tsokoki na firam ta tsarin juyayi na somatic.
Ka'idar ta tabbatar da cewa, a matsayin ƙin yarda da amfani da motsa jiki, tsarin jin dadi mai zaman kanta yana haifar da ƙin yarda da ilimin lissafin jiki kamar tsagewa, tashin hankali na tsoka, haɓakar zuciya na zuciya ta hanyar abin da ake maimaita motsin zuciyarmu.
Lange ya yi nisa har ya ce sauye-sauyen vasomotor motsi ne. Ka'idar James-Lange na motsin rai tana ba da shawarar cewa motsin rai yana faruwa a sakamakon halayen aiki ga abubuwan da suka faru.
Daidai, kamar yadda abubuwa daban-daban ke faruwa, tsarin jin tsoro yana buɗe halayen jiki ga waɗannan abubuwan. Ayyukan motsin rai zai yi biyayya Yaya ake fassara waɗannan halayen jiki?
Nau'in waɗannan ayyukan sun ƙunshi haɓakar haɓakar ciki, saurin bugun zuciya, rawar jiki, da sauran alamun. Waɗannan ayyuka na zahiri suna ɗaukar wasu halayen a cikin motsin rai kamar baƙin ciki, tsoro da fushi.
Schachter-Ka'idar Singer
Stanley Schachter da Jerome E. Singer sun haɓaka ka'idar Schachter-Singer na motsin rai. Inda suke komawa ga tsarin fahimta kamar ka'idar Cannon-Bard da ka'idar James-Lange, kasancewar haɗin gwiwar duka biyun don gabatar da nasu ka'idar.
Wannan ka'idar ta nuna cewa 'yan adam suna haifar da motsin rai dangane da martanin physiological. Ana samun cikakken dalla-dalla a cikin tafsiri da halin da ake ciki inda daidaikun mutane ke fallasa amsoshinsu, wato, tributary na falsafa da kuma fahimi.
Wadannan ƙwararrun suna ba da shawara cewa lokacin da shirin ya haifar da sha'awar ilimin lissafin jiki, sau da yawa muna samun dalilin da za mu yi farin ciki; sa'an nan kuma an yi amfani da motsin rai a aikace kuma an yi alama, ɗauka daga ka'idar Cannon, yana nuna matakan da suka dace na aiki wanda zai iya haifar da motsin rai daban-daban.
Misalin motsin rai da ke magana game da ingancin da ɗan adam ya samu an kafa shi ta hanyar kimanta fahimi na yanayi.
Ka'idar Cannon-Bard na motsin rai
Ka'idar Cannon-Bard na motsin rai ta samo asali ne ta hanyar masana ilimin lissafi Walter Cannon da Philip Bard; Walter Cannon ya ƙi yarda da shawarar James-Lange akan abubuwa da yawa.
Cannon ya ba da shawarar cewa ’yan Adam suna gudanar da godiya ga ayyukan halitta da ke da alaƙa da motsin rai ba tare da ainihin tunanin waɗannan motsin zuciyar ba; Hakazalika, ya nuna cewa ƙin yarda da motsin rai yana faruwa da sauri don su zama samfuran yanayi na zahiri.
Ya fara bayyana hasashe a cikin 1920s kuma daga baya masanin ilimin lissafi Philip Bard ya haɓaka aikinsa a cikin 1930s.
Bisa ga ka'idar Cannon-Bard na motsin rai, tana nufin jin motsin rai da fuskantar ayyukan ilimin lissafi kamar rawar jiki, gumi, da tashin hankali na tsoka a layi daya.
Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa motsin rai yana haɓaka lokacin da thalamus ya aika da sako zuwa ga kwakwalwa don amsawa ga abin da ke motsa jiki. yana nufin cewa aikin jiki da tunani na motsin rai yana faruwa a layi daya kuma ɗayan bai samo asali ba.
Ka'idar Kima ta Fahimta
Richard Lazarus wani mai bincike ne a wannan fanni na motsin rai, bisa ga ka'idodin kima na tunani, tunani dole ne ya fara faruwa kafin a yaba da motsin rai. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa aka gane hasashe a matsayin ka'idar Li'azaru na motsin rai.
Ainihin, yana nufin lokacin da mutum ya yi wani aiki da aka zaburar da shi ta hanyar motsa jiki na zahiri kuma ya sami lada, wannan yana haifar da raguwa a cikin abin da ya gabata.
Bisa ga wannan binciken, jerin shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da farawa na farko, sannan kuma akidar da ke haifar da sauri zuwa ga daidaitattun amsawar aiki da motsin rai.
Wato idan ka sami zaki a cikin dajin, za ka iya fara tunanin cewa kana cikin babbar matsala da hadari. Wannan yana haifar da ƙwarewar tunani na tsoro da kuma ayyukan jiki da suka shafi yaki ko amsawar jirgin.
Mai karatu, muna ba da shawarar ka karanta labarin cikin girmamawa motsa jiki mai zurfi kuma za ku iya sanin bambance-bambancen dalilai guda biyu.
ka'idar ra'ayin fuska na motsin rai
Ka'idar mayar da martani ga fuska ta nuna cewa tunanin fuska zai iya shiga tsakani a cikin aikin tunani. Magoya bayan wannan binciken sun nuna cewa motsin rai yana damuwa a fili tare da canje-canje a cikin tsokar fuska.
Wato mutum zai iya inganta yanayinsa ta hanyar murmushi; haka ma hakan na iya faruwa ta wani bangaren kuma zai iya yin muni idan kun daure.
Saboda haka, mafi ban mamaki corollari na wannan hasashe na iya zama samuwar motsin zuciyarmu ta hanyar zayyana a kan fuska, a cikin niyya hanya, kowane daga cikin musamman tunanin.
Charles Darwin yana daya daga cikin manyan marubutan da suka nuna cewa sauye-sauyen ilimin halittar jiki da motsin rai ya haifar ya yi tasiri nan da nan a wani bangare saboda kawai sakamakon hakan ne kawai.
A cikin wannan tsari guda, William James ya bayyana cewa, sabanin yadda aka saba, sanin musanya ta jiki da wani abin kara kuzari ke turawa shine motsin rai. Don haka, idan canje-canjen jikin mutum bai daidaita ba, zai kasance da tunani mai hikima ne kawai, wanda ba shi da ɗumi mai daɗi.
Ka'idar motsin zuciyar Vygotsky
Ka'idar zamantakewar zamantakewa ta Vygotsky ta sanya shigar da hankali a cikin sa baki na yara tare da mahallin da ke kewaye da su, haɓaka fahimi shine samfurin tsarin haɗin gwiwa.
Vygotsky ya ci gaba da cewa yara kanana sukan koya ta hanyar hulɗar zamantakewa: suna samun wasu nau'ikan basirar fahimi a matsayin wani abu mai ma'ana na nutsewa cikin hanyar rayuwa. Suna baiwa yara damar shigar da iyakoki da halayen ɗan adam da ke kewaye da su, daidaitawa da su.
A cewar Vygotsky, rawar da manya ko ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwarar (Vygotsky ta bayyana) ta bayyana cewa, ta hanyar goyon baya, daidaitawa da rarraba ilmantarwa na yaro, a cikin tsari yana kula da yadda za a shawo kan waɗannan al'amuran, yana da tsarin halayya da fahimi wanda agility ke bukata.
Wannan rabon ya fi aminci ga yin alkawarin taimako ga ƙananan yara don wucewa yankin ci gaba na kusa, cewa za mu samu don tunanin abin da ba za su iya cim ma da kansu ba tukuna.
Har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe kulawa, haɗin gwiwa, da sadaukar da kai ga koyarwa, yaron ya ci gaba da tafiya cikin sauƙi da tabbatar da sabon shirye-shiryensa da koyo.
Muhimmancin motsin rai
Ji ko motsin rai suna da mahimmanci a cikin rayuwar mutum, saboda suna bayyana duniya da ke kewaye da shi.
Suna bayyana yadda mutum yake a ciki da muhallin sanin kansa da duk wani abu da ya shafi halayen dan Adam.
An lura da bayyanar waɗannan ji a cikin dukan mutane, gano maganganu daban-daban a kan fuska a matsayin wani abu na wani abu mai sauƙi.
Motsin kowane tsokar kowane sashe na jiki, gami da sauye-sauyen da ke faruwa a cikin murya ko magana lokacin kuka.
