A cikin wannan labarin mai ban sha'awa za ku koyi wani batu mai ban sha'awa: da supercomputer. Za ku san tarihinsa da kuma musamman wanda ya fi karfi da kuma gudunmawarsa ga ci gaban bil'adama. Yi farin ciki don karantawa!
supercomputer
Daidaitawar wayewa ga manyan canje-canjen da fasaha ke bayarwa, musamman waɗanda ke da alaƙa da bayanai, sun canza mahangar ɗaukar duniya a matsayin wurin da ke ƙara ƙarami a kowace rana, wanda ke fahimtar canje-canje ta hanyar gaske da fahimta ga hankali. .
Ƙirƙirar kwamfutoci masu inganci da ƙarfi suna cikin jama'a na kowa. Za mu fara da ba da ma'anar wannan kyakkyawan ƙirar ɗan adam.
Ƙirƙirar ma'anar Supercomputer ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Duk da haka, don yin amfani da fahimta mai sauƙi kuma mai hankali, ana iya cewa: Supercomputer wata na'ura ce da za a iya la'akari da ita, a cikin gabatarwar ta, a matsayin mafi girman tsarin aiki da lissafinsa, tare da mafi girman iko idan muka kwatanta shi da shi. kwamfuta.computer amfani gama gari.
Hakanan ana iya fahimtar Supercomputer azaman nau'in kwamfuta mai ƙarfi da sauri, wanda aka ƙera don sarrafa bayanai masu yawa cikin kankanin lokaci kuma kawai a cikin kula da takamaiman aiki.
A wannan ma'ana, wasu masu shirye-shiryen suna ganin cewa ma'anar madaidaicin ita ce ɗaukar Supercomputer a matsayin kwamfuta mafi ƙarfi da sauri wacce ke wanzuwa a ɗan lokaci. Suna da girma cikin girma, suna iya sarrafa bayanai masu yawa a cikin gaggawa, kai hari wani yanki na musamman, kuma suna da babban ƙarfin ajiya. Bari mu yi magana game da bangon wannan na'urar.
Historia
A cikin shekara ta 1960, kamfanin Control Data Corporation (CDC), Mista Seymour Cray, ya gabatar da Supercomputer na farko, wanda ya jagoranci hanya mai mahimmanci, wanda ya ƙunshi fasahohin kwamfuta, kamar ajiya, sarrafawa da kuma wakiltar manyan kundin bayanai. wani ɗan gajeren zangon lokaci. Ga takaitaccen tarihin mahaliccin Supercomputer na farko.
An haifi Seymour Gray a Chippewa Falls. Wisconsin Amurka, a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 1925 kuma ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1996 a wani mummunan hatsarin mota a Colorado, Amurka. Ya karanta Electronic Engineering a Minnesota. Ana daukar Seymour Gray a matsayin uban Supercomputers; Babban abin da ya fi damunsa shi ne kerawa da bunkasa wannan na’ura.
A shekara ta 1957, kamfanin Control Data Corporation (CDC) ya gina CDC 1604 supercomputer, wanda shine kwamfuta ta farko da ta fara amfani da transistor maimakon vacuum tubes, wani sabon abu na lokacin.
Bayan lokaci kuma saboda nasarar da Supercomputers ya samu, Seymour Craig ya motsa ya zama mai zaman kansa kuma ya ƙirƙiri nasa kamfani a cikin 1970, mai suna Cray's Research. Abun ko sunan kamfani na wannan kamfani shine sadaukar da kansa kawai ga ƙira da gina manyan kwamfutoci da oda kafin abokin ciniki.
CRAY-1 (1976), wani samfuri ne wanda aka sanya shi a dakin gwaje-gwaje na kasa na Los Alamos, ya haɗa na'ura mai sarrafa vector tare da scalar processor, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a lokacin mafi sauri a duniya, wanda ke da damar 1 Million na na'ura. Kalmomi 64-bit da lokacin sake zagayowar 12,5 nanoseconds. An jera darajarsa akan dala miliyan 10.
Wannan kamfani ya kasance jagora na tsawon shekaru biyar a jere a cikin manyan kwamfutoci, yana ba da sabbin ƙira masu dacewa da buƙatun masu amfani.
Wannan na’ura mai suna CRAY-2 (1985), tana da gudun kusan sau 6 zuwa 12 fiye da na wacce ta gabata, tana da kalmomi kusan miliyan 250 da chips 240.000, a matsayin muhimmiyar siffa. A ciki an nitse da wani ruwa mai sanyaya. A tsakiyar 1986, akwai kusan tsarin 130 na wannan nau'in a duniya, wanda 90 daga cikinsu an gina su ta hanyar Cray.
A wannan lokacin, kasuwar Supercomputer ta mamaye manyan kamfanoni masu ƙarfi kamar Industries Bussines Machines (IBM) da Hewlett Packard (HP), waɗanda suka zama kamfanoni masu ɗaukar nauyi ga sauran ƙananan kamfanoni, waɗanda babban manufarsu shine samun gogewa a irin wannan. masana'antar kwamfuta mai ƙarfi.
Halayen supercomputer
Ɗaya daga cikin halayen da suka fi dacewa na supercomputer ya ƙunshi adadin na'urori masu sarrafawa da babban ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarsa, wanda ke ba da damar sararin samaniya mai mahimmanci na tsarin aiki da fayiloli. Ƙarfin lissafinsa ya fi girma idan aka kwatanta da kwamfutoci na gama gari.
Mafi mahimmancin ma'auni na aiki yana samuwa ne a cikin ƙarfin lissafin da aka auna a FLOPS (Floating Points Operation per Second), wanda aka fahimta a matsayin aikin lissafi wanda yake daidai da flop daya a cikin dakika. (Yana da mahimmanci a jaddada cewa s na ƙarshe baya nufin jam'i amma zuwa na biyu s). Peta FLOPS, naúrar ce da ke daidai da Biliyoyin ayyuka 1000 a sakan daya; misali ne don nuna cewa taron IBM ya kai ƙarfin 200 PetaFLOPS.
Ta wannan hanyar, supercomputer yana ba da damar masu amfani da yawa don haɗawa a lokaci guda kuma daga tashoshi masu nisa zuwa cibiyar bayanai, duk da haka, yana da nakasu game da ingancin masu amfani, saboda waɗannan ƙwararru ne a takamaiman bincike ko tambayoyi.
Abokan ciniki suna zaɓar irin wannan nau'in fasaha, wato, ta fuskar matsalolin da za a magance, suna zaɓar kayan aiki ta hanyar kasida da kamfanonin da ke rarraba waɗannan fasahohin suka tallata.
Wani hali kuma yana da alaƙa da iyakokin, tun da shigarsa yana da ƙasa sosai ko kusan babu ɗaya a cikin al'umma ɗaya, duk da haka, babban tasirin da wannan fasaha ke da shi akan cibiyoyin bincike, jami'o'i, cibiyoyin kudi ba za a iya musantawa ba. Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ofisoshin gwamnati don amfani da kuma kula da manyan bayanai ko ayyuka tare da adadi mai yawa na ƙididdiga.
Ta wannan hanyar, babban na'ura mai kwakwalwa ya zama kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin bincike na kimiyya da masana'antu a sassa daban-daban na al'ummar wannan zamani.
Tsarukan aiki akan supercomputer
Supercomputers injuna ne masu rikitarwa, an tsara su don takamaiman dalilai kuma suna buƙatar tsarin aiki mai rikitarwa, wanda aka keɓance shi kuma an inganta shi don wannan dalili.
A gefe guda kuma, ya kamata a lura cewa manyan na'urori na farko ba su da na'ura mai gina jiki a ciki, wannan yanayin ya tilastawa cibiyoyin bayanai ko duk wata cibiya ta jama'a ko masu zaman kansu da ke buƙatar amfani da ita, ɗaukar nauyin haɓaka na'ura (operating system). SO ) kayan aiki na musamman; Ta hanyar misali, CDC 6600 (wanda aka yi la'akari da shi na farko a cikin tarihi) ya yi amfani da OS, wanda aka sani da tsarin aiki na Chippewa ko Gray, wanda ke da sauƙin sauƙi amma tare da babban aiki don samun damar sarrafa ayyuka daban-daban na tsarin kwamfuta. , wanda ya sa a kullum ayyuka daban-daban suna da abin da suke bukata don aiwatar da manufarsu.
Kronos tsarin aiki
An tsara shi da aiwatar da shi a lokacin 70s kuma babban halayensa shine cewa za'a iya samun damar ƙara yawan ayyuka a lokaci guda, wani muhimmin yanayin da zai inganta haɓaka aikin da aka ƙayyade.
Tsarin aiki na CDC SCOPE
(A Turanci, Gudanar da Kulawa na aiwatar da Shirin) an yi amfani da shi a lokacin 60s, babban halayensa shine yana ba da damar duk ayyukan tsarin sarrafawa.
Tsarin aiki na Amurka
(Network Operating System) wani shiri ne mai ƙarfin hali, tun lokacin da aka karɓe shi ya maye gurbin biyun da suka gabata a cikin shekarun 70. Babban makasudinsa shine sanya NOS tsarin aiki gama gari a cikin duk sabbin abubuwan CDC (Control Data Corporation).
Us / Ve (tsarin aiki na hanyar sadarwa / mahalli na gani)
Ya maye gurbin NOS, a cikin 80s, babban halayensa ya ƙunshi samar da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai mahimmanci, yanayin da ya ba da izinin ganewa da karbuwa ta duniyar kwamfuta na lokacin.
Tsarin aiki na zamani akan supercomputer
Tsarukan aiki na zamani da supercomputer ke amfani da su sune kamar haka:
Unix
Na dogon lokaci waɗannan ƙattai sun yi amfani da tsarin aiki na tushen Unix. Su rufaffiyar tsarin aiki ne, waɗanda ke buƙatar lasisi waɗanda ke ba da damar fa'idar amfani da su da daidaita su da kayan aiki yana da tsadar gaske.
Linux
Tsarin aiki ne na kyauta, buɗaɗɗen tushe kuma tare da babban kewayon daidaitawa dangane da bambance-bambancen gyare-gyare; kasancewarsa na ƙarshe da aka fi amfani dashi, duk da cewa bashi da siffa mai hoto, amfani da shi yanayin nesa ne ta hanyar kafaffen haɗi da tashoshi.
Nau'in supercomputers da tsarin aikin su
A ƙasa zaku sami wasu na'urori masu sarrafa kwamfuta da kuma tsarin aiki da suke amfani da su.
Sierra
Kwamfuta ne mai ƙarfi sosai kuma tsarin aikin sa shine Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL).
Sunway TaihuLight
Na'urar kwamfuta ce ta kasar Sin kuma tana aiki da nata tsarin aiki mai suna Sunway RaiseOS 2:0:5.
Thianhe-2A
Yana cikin China, tsarin aiki shine Kylin Linux.
Pizz Daint
Yana cikin Switzerland kuma tsarin aikinsa shine Cray Linus Environment, wanda kuma aka sani da UNICOS, wanda ya ƙunshi tsarin aiki na Unix emulator.
Trinity
Na'urar kwamfuta ce mai ƙarfi, tana cikin jiki a Amurka kuma tana amfani da tsarin aiki iri ɗaya da aka kwatanta a sama.
Titan
Kwamfuta ce mai ƙarfi da ke cikin Amurka kuma tana amfani da Cray azaman tsarin aiki.
Al Bridging Cloud Infrastructure
Kwamfuta ce mai ƙarfi sosai, tana cikin Japan kuma tana amfani da tsarin aiki na tushen Linux.
Sequoia
Tana cikin Amurka kuma kamar wacce ta gabata, tana kuma aiki da tsarin aiki da Linux.
taron
Yana gudanar da tsarin aiki da ake kira Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) ba tare da gyare-gyare na musamman ba, amma yana da jerin manyan na'urori masu tarawa da ɗakunan karatu na lissafi waɗanda ke ba shi kyakkyawan aiki yayin samun ingantaccen aiki.
Tsarin sanyaya
Na’urorin sanyaya na’urar kwamfuta na bukatar na’urar sarrafa zafin jiki na musamman wanda manufarsa ita ce ta watsar da zafin da aka samar da abubuwa da yawa wadanda suka hada da tsarin wannan kwamfutar, haka kuma ya dace a yi la’akari da tsadar tsadar kayayyaki, ba wai kawai dangane da farashinta ba. amma yana nufin, amma ga kashe-kashen da ya wuce kima wajen kiyaye tsari na rigakafi da gyara, da kuma ayyukan horar da ma'aikatan da ke kula da ayyukan wadannan manyan injinan kwamfuta.
Ya kamata ku sani cewa waɗannan tsare-tsare suna haifar da zafi mai yawa saboda tsarin abubuwan da ke tattare da kewayen ciki waɗanda ke da shi; Wannan wani yanayi ne da masu zanen kayan masarufi ke la'akari da su kuma ana ƙirƙira dabaru da yawa don daidaita zafin da ake samarwa wanda zai iya yin tasiri ga aikin tsarin, yana yin tasiri sosai ga Sashin sarrafawa na tsakiya (CPU) ko wasu abubuwan da ke kusa da shi.
Na’urar kwamfuta ta zamani tana da na’urar sarrafa zafin jiki ta musamman, daya daga cikinsu ita ce tsarin sanyaya da kamfanin Johnson Controls, wanda Jami’ar Stuttgart (Jamus) ke gudanarwa.
Don gina waɗannan tsarin sanyaya, an ƙirƙira wani gini na musamman tare da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, babban sakewa da babban ikon aiki, tare da manufar rage ƙarancin samar da carbon dioxide (CO2), don haka mutunta ƙa'idodin duniya game da canjin yanayi na duniya. An shigar da hasumiya mai sanyaya huɗu da nau'in sarrafawa mai sassauƙa sosai tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin amsawa, suna samun sakamako mai ban sha'awa na babban inganci tare da tanadin makamashi na ban mamaki.
nutsewa sanyaya
Immersion sanyaya dabara ce da ta ƙunshi nutsar da sabobin a cikin ruwa wanda ke ba da matsakaicin sanyaya sama da na'urar sanyaya iska. An gabatar da wannan fasaha a cikin samfurin No. 1 na jerin Green 500, tare da mafi kyawun cibiyoyin bayanai a duniya.
Bugu da kari, masana'antar 3M da mai samar da bayanai a Hong Kong sun nuna wani wurin da irin wannan fasahar ke samun raguwa sosai a sararin samaniya da kuma rage farashin.
A ƙasa muna bayanin yadda kamfanoni ke aiwatar da tsarin sanyaya.
Farashin IBM
Girman supercomputers yana samar da babban ƙarfi a cikin aikin su, amma dangane da wannan fa'ida, akwai babban samar da zafi, yana haifar da tsada mai yawa a cikin amfani da wutar lantarki. Don magance wannan rauni, an aiwatar da dabarar da manyan kamfanoni suka yi amfani da su a fannin, sun tsara tsarin na'urar sanyaya iska da kuma ƙirar ƙananan ɗakuna.
IBM ta samar da wata fasaha da ta dogara da kayan sanyaya ta hanyar amfani da ruwan da aka kawo ciki ta hanyar microchannel, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar daidaitawar jini a jikin mutum. Tare da samar da wannan fasaha, SuperMUC yana sanyaya, ɗaya daga cikin manyan na'urori masu mahimmanci a Turai, wanda ke cikin Leibniz, wanda ya samar da tanadin makamashi na 40%.
A nata bangare, Lenovo ya kirkiro wani tsarin sanyaya wanda manufarsa ita ce rage yawan makamashin da ake amfani da shi, mai suna Neptune, kuma karfinsa ya ta'allaka ne wajen amfani da ruwan zafi, bisa tsarin da ke biyowa:
“A tsarin sanyaya na gargajiya dole ne mu sanyaya ruwa zuwa yanayin zafi don samun damar sanyaya kayan aiki yadda ya kamata. Za mu iya sanya ruwa har zuwa digiri 50, don haka farashin sanyaya ya ragu sosai.
Baya ga abubuwan da ke sama, a cikin hanyar da ta dace, suna amfani da tsarin sa ido da daidaita amfani da makamashi a ainihin lokacin.
Babban amfani da supercomputer
Bayyanar wannan fasaha a rayuwar dan Adam na wannan zamani ya samu kwarin gwiwa sosai wajen horar da kwararru da masu bincike da masana fasahar kere-kere a fannin na'ura mai kwakwalwa, musamman ilimin da ya shafi wadannan jiga-jigan masana'antar kwamfuta. Haɗin gwiwar cibiyoyin bincike, ƙididdigewa da ci gaban kasuwanci, tallafi don ƙarfafa wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu, cibiyoyin sarrafa bayanai a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da na jama'a na zama ruwan dare a kowace rana.
Ana la'akari da shirye-shirye a matsayin filin mai amfani saboda kasancewarsa a sassa daban-daban na ci gaban ɗan adam, wanda ya samo asali daga magance matsalolin matsalolin da ke buƙatar babban ƙarfin kwamfuta da haɓaka aikace-aikacen da ke amsa damuwa a ainihin lokacin. A cikin wannan kewayon aikace-aikacen muna da:
- Haɓaka samfuran tsinkaya da kwaikwaya, irin su ƙaura na talakawan ɗan adam a duniya, ƙirar yanayi mai tsinkaya tare da ƙananan kuskuren tsinkaya, canjin yanayi da tasirinsa akan tsarin zamantakewa da muhalli.
- Yana aiki a matsayin cibiyar nauyi don haɓaka masana'antu da nufin ƙira da sarrafa kansa na ayyukan injiniya, musamman a cikin ƙirar aikace-aikacen bayanan ɗan adam a cikin sashin.Shin kuna sha'awar koyo game da hankali na wucin gadi? Ina ba ku shawara ku karanta Halaye na hankali na wucin gadi
- Gudanar da hoto, ƙarfafa tsarin gudanarwa da tsarin bayanan yanki, haɓaka kayan aikin mutum-mutumi.
- A cikin binciken likitanci, supercomputer ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban kamar ƙirar zukata na wucin gadi, ƙididdige hoto, ƙididdige lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwa da halayyar tsarin sinadarai na ƙwayar cuta ta Covid-19 don tantance yiwuwar magunguna waɗanda za su iya yin alaƙa da guba. na ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, dangane da wannan Mare Nostrum wani babban kwamfuta da ke Spain yana gudanar da irin wannan bincike a ainihin lokacin. Har ila yau, tana sadaukar da kanta don gudanar da nazarin ilimin halittu da ilimin halittu.
Supercomputers Wadanne ne mafi ƙarfi?
A cikin yanayi na yanzu da duniyar zamani ta tsira, wani lokaci muna mamakin wasu abubuwan ban mamaki kamar tsarin tsarin nanological, inda miniaturization ke nuna ajin ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha mai jituwa cikin sharuddan pragmatic optics. Supercomputers suna tafiya a gaba da gaba, daga ƙwararrun ƙwararrun fasaha tare da ƙarfin gaske a cikin neman mafita ga manyan matsalolin da suka mamaye muhallinmu kuma sun yi daidai da waccan hangen nesa na zahiri wanda ke fitowa azaman amsa mai gamsarwa don ragewa ko ɓacewar matsalolin da aka haifar.
Top500 wani aiki ne da aka ƙera don haskaka manyan na'urori masu ƙarfi 500 a duniya a yau. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa rukunin gurus ne ya yi wannan jeri a cikin yankin kwamfuta. Za a yi amfani da manyan kwamfutoci biyar mafi ƙarfi na 2020 a cikin wannan post ɗin.
taron
An dauke shi da supercomputer mafi ƙarfi a duniya. IBM ne ya tsara shi don dakin gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa na Oak Ridge a Tennessee, mallakar Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka. Ya mamaye kwatankwacin kotunan wasan kwallon kwando guda biyu kuma ya kai ga petaflops 148,6 mai ban sha'awa, godiya ga nau'ikansa miliyan 2,41.
Sierra
IBM ce ta tsara shi, ita ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar na'ura mai ƙarfi na biyu mafi ƙarfi a cikin jerin, wanda ke a Laboratory National Lawrence Livermore a California. Bisa a hardware Kama da taron koli. Saliyo ta kai 94,6 petaflops.
Sunway TaihuLight
Da wannan babbar na'ura mai kwakwalwa, TaihuLight, wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Injiniya da Fasaha ta National Parallel Computing Engineering da Fasaha ta gina kuma aka sanya shi a Cibiyar Kula da Kwamfuta ta Kasa da ke Wuxi.(China). Ba kamar sauran injuna na sigar sa ba, ba ta da na'urori masu sauri, don haka petaflops 93 nata sun dogara da na'urorin sarrafa hasken rana na kasar Sin sama da miliyan 10.
Tianhe-2A
Supercomputer kuma ana kiranta Milky Way 2A, yana cikin Cibiyar Kula da Kwamfuta ta Kasa (Guangzhou, China) wacce Jami'ar Tsaro ta Kasa ta kirkira kuma tana da na'urorin sarrafa Intel Xeon don isa 61,4 petaflops. A cewar masu gudanar da aikinta, inda aka nufa shine a kafa tsarin lissafin matsalolin tsaro na yanayin gwamnati.
Frontera
Wannan babban injin Dell ne ya kera shi kuma Intel ya sanye shi. An yi la'akari da shi mafi sauri supercomputer a duniya wanda yake a Texas Advanced Computing Center, Jami'ar Texas (Amurka). Haɗin kai tare da ƙungiyoyin kimiyya dozin guda uku akan bincike da suka danganci kimiyyar lissafi na black holes, injiniyoyi na ƙididdigewa, ƙirar magunguna ko ƙirar yanayi. Petaflops 23,5 zai kasance ga al'ummar kimiyya, waɗanda za su ci gajiyar ikon sarrafa kwamfuta, musamman a fannonin ilimin taurari, kimiyyar kayan aiki, makamashi, ilimin halittu da ƙirar bala'o'i.
MareNostrum5: Kwamfuta na musamman
Suna MarejanAkarin, ya samo asali ne daga rukunin da Romawa na dā suka yi da Tekun Bahar Rum. Cibiyar Supercomputing ta Barcelona (National Supercomputing Centre) ta ba da wannan suna ga mafi girman kwamfutoci, wanda a cikin nau'ikansa daban-daban ya zama na'ura mafi ƙarfi a Spain kuma a ƙarshen sabon sigarsa, MareNoustrum5, ana hasashen a matsayin ɗayan manyan kwamfutoci. na Tarayyar Turai.
Bari mu ƙara koyo game da wannan giant ɗin kwamfuta. An yi hasashen ƙarfinsa zai kai ƙarfin petaflops 200, wanda ya zarce kusan sau 17 na yanzu na 13,7 petaflops kuma sau 10.000 mafi girma (MareNostrum 4). Ana amfani da kalmar pre-excalada don zayyana manyan kwamfutoci masu iya wuce shingen petaflops 150.
Yana da mahimmanci a ba da haske game da saka hannun jarin da Spain, memba na Tarayyar Turai ta yi, wanda ke sadaukar da dukiyar jama'a don sarrafa kwamfuta. Hukumomin gwamnati, ba tare da la’akari da ra’ayinsu na akida ba, sun ba da sha’awa sosai ga tunani. haɓakawa da aiwatar da waɗannan dabaru don magance manyan matsalolin ƙasa da na waje.
MareNostrum supercomputer a duk nau'ikansa ya zama ginshiƙi na bincike na kimiyya da fasaha a cikin Tarayyar Turai, wannan babban tallafi ne ga supercomputer, ba kawai a matakin watsawa ba, har ma don tallafawa albarkatun kuɗi.
Don haka, yawan kayan aikin da Cibiyar Supercomputing ta Barcelona ke bayarwa, ana samun ƙarin ƙungiyoyin aiki da suka sadaukar da kansu don bincike a kewaye da shi, tare da babban niyyar haɓaka fasahar zamani ta zamani don biyan buƙatu da magance matsalolin da suka shafi al'ummomin zamani.
MareNostrum ba kawai babban na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ba ne, har ma yana wakiltar gunkin jan hankali, wanda aka yi nisa don samun amfanin al'ummar kimiyya a matakin duniya.
Abin da MareNostrum yake yi yana da faɗin gaske, ya ƙunshi shirin haɓakawa a cikin ƙirar ƙira daban-daban waɗanda suka haifar da ƙarni na manyan kwamfutoci a cikin kowace juzu'i mafi ƙarfi da haɓaka kayan aiki, ba kawai a cikin kayan masarufi da software ba, har ma a cikin hasashensa ga al'umma. .
Har ya zuwa yanzu, an ƙirƙira nau'ikan na'urori biyar na MareNostrum supercomputer.
MareNostrum 1: An haife shi ne saboda haɗin kai tsakanin gwamnatin Spain da kamfanin IBM ta hanyar yarjejeniya don gina ɗayan manyan na'urori masu sauri a Turai a cikin 2004. Ƙarfin lissafinsa shine 42.35 Teraflops (ayyukan 42.35 tiriliyan a sakan daya) .
MareNostrum 2: A cikin Nuwamba 2006, ƙarfin lissafin sa ya ƙaru, saboda babban buƙatar ayyukan kimiyya. Wannan ƙarfin ya kasance 94.21 Teraflops, wanda ya ninka wanda ya gabace shi, kuma don cimma wannan aikin, an ƙara yawan masu sarrafawa daga 4.812 zuwa 10.240.
MareNostrum 3: Ta hanyar sabuntawa, an kai kololuwar aikin 1.1. petaflops a cikin 2012-2013, godiya ga ƙari na 48,896 Intel Sandy Bridge ƙididdigewa a fadin nodes 3,056, gami da 84 Xeon Phi 5110P a fadin nodes 42, tare da sama da 115TB na babban ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da 2PB na GPFS na ajiyar diski.
MareNostrum 4: A ƙarshen 2017, wannan ƙaton ya fara aiki, ya kai kololuwar aikinsa na 13.7 Petaflops, an rarraba ƙarfin lissafinsa a cikin tubalan mabanbanta guda biyu, waɗanda suka samo asali daga fasahar toshewa.
Babban manufar waɗannan tubalan sun ƙunshi trays 46 na nodes 3.456, kowane kumburi yana da chips ɗin Intel Xeon Platinum guda biyu, kowannensu yana da na'urori masu sarrafawa 24 waɗanda ke tattara jimillar na'urori masu sarrafawa 165,888 da babban ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na Terabytes 390. Ƙarfinsa ya kai 11.15Petaflops, a ciki. a wasu kalmomi, yana iya sarrafa ayyuka sama da biliyan goma sha ɗaya a cikin daƙiƙa guda, sau goma fiye da wanda ya gabace shi.
Mafi ƙarfi supercomputer: MareNostrum5
A tsakiyar 2019, kamfanin EuroHPC ya zaɓi Cibiyar Supercomputing na Barcelona a matsayin ƙungiyar da za ta karbi bakuncin supercomputer tare da mafi girman ƙarfin haɓakawa a cikin nahiyar Turai. S yana tsammanin shigarsa aiki a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2020 kuma zai kasance mafi mahimmancin na'ura mai mahimmanci don kulawa da kuma magance bambance-bambancen rikice-rikicen da ke jiran al'ummomin zamani.
Ta wannan hanyar za mu iya fahimtar mahimmancin na'urori masu amfani da kwamfuta a duniya, wani babban ƙirƙira wanda har yanzu yana bunƙasa ta hanya mai ban mamaki. Manyan kasashen duniya irinsu Amurka da Japan da China na kokarin ganin an samu ingantacciyar gasa domin amfanar dan Adam.
Sannan kalli bidiyon da ke tafe, domin ku iya fadada iliminku kan wannan batu mai ban sha'awa.