Sonnets na Sor Juana kewayon tsararrun adabi ne tare da wadataccen abun ciki na hankali kuma gabaɗaya yana nufin batutuwan falsafa. Ƙididdigar rubuce-rubuce ce ta sa mai karatu ya nutsar da shi cikin yanayi mai kyau. Muna ba da shawarar su!
Sonnet of Sor Juana
Sonnet na Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, shi ne ƙirƙirar wata mata 'yar Mexico wadda a duk tsawon rayuwarta ta sadaukar da ita ga tsarkakewa, da kuma fasahar rubuce-rubuce, ana gane ta a matsayin mashahurin marubuci na ƙungiyar baroque na Latin Amurka.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gabatar da jerin da ya ƙunshi mafi kyau kuma mafi mashahuri sonnets wanda Sor Juana ya ƙunshi, kasancewarta kyawawan kaddarorin mawaƙanta, cewa idan kun haɗu da su za ku ji daɗi da tsarin waƙoƙinsu.
A ƙasa za mu nuna muku dalla-dalla jeri tare da babban ɓangare na sonnets, don ku ji daɗin sashin waƙar ku.
Sonnet I - Ma'amala tsakanin ƙauna ko ƙiyayya
Sonnet II - Zuwa hotonsa
Sonnet III - A cikin abin da yake ba da ladabi ga fure kuma a cikinta ga 'yan uwansa maza
Sonnet IV - Zuwa ga Uba Francisco de Castro
Sonnet V - Yana bin wannan batu, kuma yana ƙayyade cewa dalilin ya rinjaye dandano
Sonnet VI - Zaɓi ku mutu maimakon nuna kanku ga fushin tsufa
Sonnet VII - Don Fata
Sonnet VIII - A cikin abin da ya gamsu da zato tare da maganganun hawaye
Sonnet IX - Ya ƙunshi fantasy cike da ƙauna mai kyau
Sonnet X - Yana nuna jin kunya saboda yabon gwaninta
Sonnet XI - Ya koyar da yadda aiki guda ɗaya a cikin ƙauna shine dalili da dacewa
Sonnet XII – XII – Rashin kulawa ba ya son a manta da shi
Sonnet XIII - Sonnet zuwa Martin de Olivas
Sonnet XIV - Daidai ya danganta bala'in Priam da Thisbe
Sonnet XV - Zuwa ga Julia
Sonnet XVI - Zuwa Portia
Sonnet XVII - Yana haɓaka aikin Lucrecia
Sonnet XVIII - Tare da sake zabar igiya yana rage zafin sha'awar
Sonnet XIX - Zaɓin yanayi mai dorewa har sai an kashe mutuwa ta hanyar ƙiyayya
Sonnet XX - Da basira yana ƙoƙari ya tilasta ra'ayin cewa rashi ya fi muni fiye da kishi
Sonnet XXI - Wannan baƙin ciki ya ci gaba, kuma ya ce, cewa kada ya ƙi irin wannan batun da bai dace ba, don rashin samun shi har yanzu kusa da zuciyarsa.
Sonnet XXII - Mutum mai kishi yana nufin baƙin ciki na kowa wanda kowa ya sha wahala kuma ya yi gargadin dalilin ƙarshen da gwagwarmayar sha'awar rikice-rikice na iya samun.
Sonnet XXIII - Na ƙauna, wanda aka sanya a baya a cikin batun da bai dace ba, gyara ne na tuba.
Sonnet XXIV - Abubuwan da ke da zafi na ƙauna da kuma cewa, saboda ba su da girma, suna daidai da tufafin waɗanda ke haifar da su.
Sonnet XXV - Sabon yabo na aikin Lucrecia
Sonnet XXVI - Koka game da kaddara: yana ƙin ƙiyayyarsa ga abubuwan mugunta kuma yana ba da damar nishaɗin sa ga mawaƙa.
Sonnet XXVII - Yana warware tambayar wanda shine don auna damuwa a cikin wasiƙun da aka samo, ƙauna ko ƙiyayya.
Sonnet XXVIII - Zuwa Mafi kyawun Uwargidan Paredes
Sonnet XXIX - Gidan kayan gargajiya na Mexican, fitacciyar 'yar
Sonnet XXX - Kuka babu makawa yana gudana a gaban wanda yake ƙauna
Sonnet XXXI - Inés, lokacin da suka tsawata muku don zama ɗan iska
Sonnet XXIII - Ko da yake kun kasance (Tersilla) don haka matasa
Sonnet XXIII - Inés, na yi farin ciki da ƙaunar ku
Sonnet XXXIV - Ku tafi tare da Allah (Beatriz) kasancewa zamba
Sonnet XXXV - Ko da yake yana ɗauka (Nife) cewa ni ɗanyen mutum ne
Sonnet XXXVI - Laifi don ɓoyayyun zalunci, jin daɗin da bege ke bayarwa
Sonnet XXXVII - Yabo tare da nasara ta musamman na mawaƙi mai kyan gani
Sonnet XXXVIII - Ko da yake a banza, yana so ya rage bakin ciki na mutum mai kishi zuwa hanyar da ta dace.
Sonnet XXXIX - A kan mutuwar Maɗaukakin Maɗaukakin Mace na Mancera
Sonnet XL - Don bayyana dalilin tawaye…
Sonnet XLI - Yabo da ilimin taurari na Uba Francisco Kino
Sonnet XLII - Ya yi baƙin ciki tare da dukan mutuwar Lady Marchionness na Mancera
Sonnet XLIII - A cikin abin da yake ta'azantar da ma'anar kishi na jerin ƙauna
Sonnet XLIV - Ba zan iya samun ku ko barin ku ba
Sonnet XLV - A kan mutuwar Marchionness na Mancera
Sonnet XLVI - Ragewa daga rashin lafiya mai tsanani, a hankali tare da Lady Virreina, Marquesa de Mancera, yana danganta ga ƙaunarta mai girma har ma da cigabansa a mutuwa.
Sonnet XLVII - Kamar yadda yake a cikin bakin tekun crystalline
Sonnet XLVIII - An danganta ga Joan
Sonnet XLIX - Jocoso, a la rosa
Sonnet L - Bayyana mafi girman ingancin soyayya
Sonnet LI - Abin mamaki ya rubuta wa mahaifiyar Juana don ta ba da amsa
Sonnet LII - Wannan mahaifiyar Juana ta amsa a cikin baƙaƙe ɗaya
Sonnet LIII - A mutuwar Sarki Philip IV
Sonnet LIV - A cikin abin da mawaƙin ya yi bikin ranar haihuwar ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwanta
Sonnet LV - Wani bijimin da ya kashe doki ga mai karantawa
Sonnet LVI - Bikin Digiri na Digiri
Sonnet LVII - Yabo a cikin Uba Baltasar de Mansilla na Society of Jesus, babban mai wa'azi da kuma furci na Lady Virreina, duka hikima da kunya.
Sonnet LVIII - Zuwa ga firist Br. D. Diego de Ribera, mawaƙa na sadaukar da babban coci
Sonnet LIX - Zuwa ga firist Br. D. Diego de Ribera, mawaƙa na ayyukan Viceroy Archbishop Don Fray Payo Enríquez de Ribera
Sonnet LX - Zuwa ga firist Lic.D. Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, a gaban Panegyric na Marqueses de la Laguna
Sonnet LXI - Zuwa zanen Uwargidanmu, ta goga mai kyau sosai
Sonnet LXII - Zuwa Señor San José, an rubuta shi bisa ga batun gasa wanda ya buƙaci misalan da ya ƙunshi.
Sonnet LXIII - Lokacin da Saint Juan de Sahagún ya jinkirta cin abinci mai tsarki saboda Kristi ya bayyana gare shi a bayyane a cikinta.
Sonnet LXIV – Shekarunka, Ubangiji Mai Girma, in dai ya wuce
Sonnet LXV - Kun ce ba ku tunawa, Clori, kuma kuna yin ƙarya
Sonnet LXVI - Mafi Girma Ubangiji Sarkin Hispanic
Sonnet LXVII - Zuwa ga hukuncin da Bilatus ya ba da ga Kristi
Sonnet LXVIII - A kan mutuwar Mai Girma Duke na Veragua
Sonnet LXIX - Zuwa iri ɗaya
Sonnet LXX - Zuwa iri ɗaya
Sonnet LXXI - Daga Tebur Narcissus na Allahntaka IV - Narcissus
Sonnet LXXII - Na pawns na wani gida Dokar I - Ana
Sonnets ɗin soyayya wanda Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz ya tsara, suna da al'ada mai yawa kuma iri-iri a cikin waƙoƙin soyayya na Yammacin Turai, waɗanda ke haɓaka adabin Girkanci. Tare da salon waƙoƙinta, mace tana matsayi a tsakiyar abubuwan da ke faruwa, wanda ke sa mutum ya sake haihuwa tare da kewayon abubuwan jin daɗi. Muna ba da shawarar karanta labarin mai zuwa Wakokin Tsakiyar Zamani
Tabbas Sor Juana ya san abin da aikin Petrarchan ya kasance, don haka an nuna cewa a cikin ayyukanta na halayen waƙar Petrarch an cimma su, an haɗa waƙoƙinta masu tasiri tare da al'adun gargajiya na littattafan waƙa na Petraquita. Juana Inés tana watsawa tare da wakokinta abubuwan da suka faru na wuce gona da iri.
Sor Juana babban malami ne na duniyar wakoki na sonnets, wanda aka karɓa daga aikin Hispanic na manyan mashawarta, ciki har da wasu mashahuran mawaƙa, na tsibirin Peninsula, watakila na yankunan da ake zaton.
Sor Juana's sonnets suna daraja mafi kyawun al'ada na tsibirin, kuma ya ƙunshi ɗanɗano game da Sabuwar Spain. A wannan lokacin kuma tare da al'adu masu yawa da suka wanzu a cikin lathe lokacin da ta rubuta, ana daukar mawakiyar mafi kyau kuma wanda ya mamaye kundin wakoki na wancan lokacin, wanda a cikin dabara ya canza kwaikwaiyo wanda ba ta taba zama bawa ba.
A cikin su ya yi wa kansa ciki kuma ya jagoranci wata al'umma ta New Spain wadda ta riga ta ji daɗin manyan lauyoyi da ƙananan lauyoyi kamar: limaman coci daga babban birni, hidalgos daga kotun mataimaka, malaman kimiyya, da kuma a cikin yanayin da aka haɗa ta. .Kade-kade da wakoki da yadda ta rika sauraren kade-kaden Kirsimeti a cikin kujeru masu ban sha'awa, abin da ya burge ta da karatuttukan kade-kade na nasara da shagulgulan wakoki.
Don haka, waƙar waƙa ta duniya, kasancewar mafi girman nau'in waƙoƙin waƙa a wancan lokacin, an kafa shi cikin ƙarfi da kwafi a cikin Amurka, kamar yadda Eugenio de Salazar ya yi nuni a cikin saƙonsa ga Herrera lokacin da ya nuna mana jagororin waƙoƙin da suka jagoranci duniya. Sabuwar Spain:
Mahaifiyar mu Spain ta riga ta aiko mana
daga harshensa mai albarka, dukiya dubu
wanda ya sa wannan ƙasa mai ban mamaki ta wadata,
Tuscany kuma yana aika da kyakkyawa
daga harshenta mai dadi zuwa wannan post din
kuma riga tafi Proencia zuwa wannan
kalamansa na alheri yana magana
kuma ya ba da rancen babban abin da ya rage;
Har ila yau, ya zo da arziƙin Girkanci
zuwa ga ɓangarorinsa masu nisa:
kuma a cikinsu ana yin nuni da girma
Sabuwar Spain...
Duniyar waƙar da Sor Juana ta sami kanta a cikinta, wacce kuma ta riga ta samo asali a cikin mulkinta na Mexiko, ta shiga tsakani a cikin halittar, tana ƙera ilimin addini da ci gaban waƙa. Za ka iya godiya da kewayon jigogi da muryoyin da ta samu a cikin aikinta, don nuna sabuwar duniya da aka bayyana da kuma sabon abu a hannun 'yan qasar da ilimi mace, kazalika da tunani na lamiri cewa ta peculiarity a matsayin adabi da hankali. mace ta mallaki.
Sor Juana's sonnets sun kasance a koyaushe, saboda marubucin su ya kasa daina rubuce-rubuce, ta kasance a shirye ta kama kowane nau'i na sonnets a matsayin fasaha na waka, da kuma kasancewa a shirye don neman amincewa daga hukumomi, ko dai a ciki ko a waje da gidan; manufarsa, don samun karbuwa ga fasahar rubutunsa.
Daga cikin dukan sonnets da Sor Juana na addini ya rubuta, akwai sonnets soyayya ashirin da ɗaya waɗanda aka kasu kashi biyu manya-manyan ɓangarorin: sonnets goma na ra'ayoyin Orthodox da goma sha ɗaya heterodox. A na farko ya ƙunshi sassa shida, yayin da a na biyu akwai guda hudu kawai; wanda ke nufin cewa Sor Juana ta sake karantawa a cikin sonnet ɗinta, a cikin taken "ƙaunar Orthodox"; tare da jigogi shida, yayin da a cikin rukuni na "heterodox" rubutun kawai hudu, amma ya ƙunshi babban ɓangare na sonnets, wato:
Ra'ayoyin Orthodox na soyayya
Sonnets kamar:
Ƙauna mai ramawa kuma marar lalacewa
zafin soyayya wanda baya fatan lada
soyayya ta hankali
Rashin
maganganun hawaye
Ikon Fantasy
Rarraba sonnets da Sor Juana ya yi ya dubi mai ban sha'awa, kuma a cikin wannan yanayin za mu yi magana game da wanda ya dace da Ƙauna mai Ƙauna da Ƙaunar da ba ta lalacewa, wannan guntu yana samuwa a cikin lambobi 169 da 183 na lambar Méndez Plancarte, wanda ke musamman. ga wannan sonnet.
Inda ta bayyana, Fabio, kalmar namiji da take karkatar da muryarta ta waka, tana nufin sunan da mawakin ya fi so; kana iya fahimtar cewa koyaushe zai kasance a matsayin wanda ake ƙauna ta wurin ɗaukaka.
Ana iya gani a cikin sonnet, ma'ana mai ma'ana, cewa hatimin sirri na nun:
Ya koyar da yadda aiki guda a cikin soyayya shine dalili da dacewa
Fabio: duk abin da ake so,
duk kyawawan kyawawan halaye ne,
Domin suna da bagadai na banza
idan ba su gansu cike da wadanda abin ya shafa ba.
Don haka, idan ɗaya ne kawai yake son su.
suna rayuwa ne daga cikin rigima,
domin suna tunanin hakan fiye da zama kyakkyawa
ya zama abin bautar da za a yi masa addu'a.
Amma ina cikin wannan ma'aunin,
ganin da yawa hankalina ya karkata.
kuma ina so kawai a rama ni
na wanda ke karbar kudin shiga daga soyayyata;
domin ana so shine gishirin dandano.
wanda ke lalata abin da ya ɓace da abin da ya rage.
A cikin quatrains na wannan sonnet, ana iya ganin cewa Sor Juana yana amfani da muryar mace, kuma ya canza tare da classic yo tú, nun ya fallasa abin da ke faruwa a gaba ɗaya: ta tambayi yanayin mace na manufa, wanda matan auren mata. da mazaje da yawa za su yi sujada; idan mutum daya ne kawai yake son su, sai su yi kuka da dukiyoyinsu suna tunanin cewa kyawunsu ba shi da yawa, kamar yadda mutane da yawa ke nema, hakan ya sa su ji kamar abin bautawa. Kalmomin “allahntaka”, “aras”, “wanda aka azabtar da su” da kuma “masu ƙauna”, suna ɗauke da mu zuwa yanayin soyayyar ɗaurin aure.
Dangane da sonnet ɗin soyayya wanda ba ya tsammanin lada, ana iya ba da shaida na sonnet guda uku waɗanda ke magana game da bangarori daban-daban na soyayyar shari'a, waɗanda ke bayyana ƙauna mai girma.
Ina son Lisi, amma ba na yin riya
cewa Lisi ta rama min tarar,
To, idan na yi la'akari da kyawunsa zai yiwu.
ga adonku da tsoro na na yi laifi.
Ba aiki ba, kawai, shine abin da nake ɗauka;
To na san cewa ya cancanci irin wannan girman
babu abin da ya isa, kuma shi ne sauki
yi a kan abin da na fahimta.
A matsayin abu na yi ciki mai tsarki
kyawunki, wanda baya son bajintata
don fatan ba ko da ƴan ƙofar shiga:
sannan na mika mata farin ciki na,
don kar a ga an yi amfani da ita ba daidai ba,
Har yanzu ina jin kamar in ga tawa ce.
A cikin wannan sonnet ɗin, mafi girman wakilcin ƙauna ya bayyana, cewa ƙaunatacciyar ƙauna: ƙauna mafi girma, ita ce wadda ba ta tsammanin komai a gare shi, abin da yake nema shi ne kusanci ga Allah. Marubucin ya ɗauki muryar namiji: shi ne troubadour wanda ke daidaitawa ga kyautar Provencal, yana nuna ƙauna da ba zai yiwu ba, saboda ba zai iya ba kuma baya ƙoƙarin samun wannan ƙauna.
A cikin sonnet na biyu na wannan rarrabuwa ana samun haka: Abubuwa masu wahala na soyayya, kuma ba don suna da girma ba suna kama da tufafin waɗanda suka samo ta.
Duba ni, Alcinus, daure da sarkar
na so, tako cikin arfenta a daure.
mummunan bauta, matsananciyar
'yanci, da ta'aziyyar wasu?
Kuna ganin rai yana cike da zafi da bacin rai?
ciwon da irin wannan zafi mai zafi,
Kuma tsakanin wutar da ke raye ta kone
ya hukunta kansa bai cancanci hukuncinsa ba?
Kuna gani na bi ba rai ba shirme
da ni kaina na yanke hukunci a matsayin bakon?
Kuna gani na zubar da jini a hanya
Ana bin tsarin yaudara?
Kuna sha'awar sosai? To, ka gani, Alcinus:
Dalilin cutarwata ya fi cancanta.
Ana jin daɗin muryar mawaƙa a cikin wannan sonnet, wanda mace ce kaɗai, wanda aka bayyana ga wani amintaccen namiji, Alcino, wanda ta furta baƙin cikin soyayyarta: sarƙoƙi, baƙin ƙarfe, bauta, yanke ƙauna da baƙin ciki da ƙauna ta haifar.
Wadannan bacin rai suna komawa zuwa ga irin wahalhalun da ake samu na soyayyar kotu, ruwayoyin da suka ci gaba a cikin ayoyin kur'ani na biyu, wato: radadi, bacin rai, azaba da jin dadin rai. Masoyi na jin kunyar wahalar da take sha domin masoyi ya fi kima.
Yanzu, ya rage a gare mu mu yi magana game da sonnet Rational Love, yana nufin amsa da Sor Juan ya yi ga wani mutum mai ban sha'awa wanda ya bayyana a rubuce a cikin bukatar ta amsa masa, don haka uwargidan ta yi haka, ta amfani da wannan ma'auni. bak'on da fan ta ke amfani da shi.
Wannan yana nuna matakin al'adu da sauƙi wanda mutanen New Spain al'umma suka yi magana da wata shahararriyar Nun, da kuma babbar ibada da ta rage. Sor Juana kuma ya siffata sauran sonnets tare da kafaffen baƙaƙe, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da lamba 181 "Kun ce ba ku tunawa, Clori kuma kuna ƙarya. "
Babu shakka, mutumin da ya aiko masa da sonnet ya kasance mai karatu mai ban sha'awa, wanda ke nuna cewa kwafin wallafe-wallafen Sor Juana ya motsa cikin masu karatu daban-daban na ayyukanta, waɗanda ba shakka sun ba da ra'ayi a tsakanin su, kuma suna da 'yancin yin sha'awar kai tsaye. , don haka suka aika da buƙatun ga marubucin, kamar yadda yake a wannan yanayin.
Sonnet na yanzu da ke biye, yana cikin waɗanda aka tilasta wa baƙaƙe, kasancewar shi kaɗai ne za a iya nunawa a tsakanin mazhabobi, bisa ga rarrabuwa.
Wannan mahaifiyar Juana ta amsa a cikin baƙaƙe ɗaya
Ba da son rai kawai aka bayar ba
a cikin son ku, mai kyau na, da kyau ba zan iya ba
wani wanda tufafinka ya sani
ka hana kanka cewa ka cancanci a ƙaunace ka.
Kuma idan rashin fahimtata
don haka kasa haduwa da ku a waje,
daga irin wannan kuskuren rashin kunya har yanzu na kasa
sami uzuri a cikin duk abin da aka yi watsi da shi.
Wanda zai san ka,
ko kuma dole ne ya so ku ko ya furta munanan abubuwa
wanda ke fama da dabararsa a cikin abin da aka fahimta,
haɗuwa biyu marasa daidaituwa;
wanda dole ne ya furta cewa ana ƙaunar ku, don kada ku ba da irin waɗannan abubuwan.
Wannan sonnet, yana kula da muryar mace kuma ni ku, ya dace da ƙungiyar da ke nufin ƙauna ta hankali, kamar yadda wallafe-wallafen ya kira shi, ya fito ne daga cancanta, daga tufafi, waɗanda aka faɗakar da su a cikin mutum; Ba batun "ƙaunar son rai ba ne".
Ana lura da shi, wasan da ya wanzu tare da kalmomin "sanin", "hankali" da "fahimta": yana da ikon kallon kyaututtuka da tufafin halitta don son shi.
Lokaci yayi don magana game da rashin sonnet. A bayyane yake cewa mawaƙin yana tsara shirye-shiryen waƙa daban-daban, yana nufin taken rashi wanda ya daɗe a kowane fanni na waƙar soyayya. Daga cikin sauye-sauyen shirye-shiryenta na wakoki, sonnet daya tilo da ke magana da batun yana nan.
Sai kawai da kaifin basira ya tilasta ra'ayin cewa rashi shine mafi girman mugunta fiye da kishi.
Wanda ba ya nan, mai kishi, ya tsokane shi.
na farko da ji, na karshen da fushi;
yana tunanin laifin da bai kalleshi ba,
kuma yana jin gaskiyar da ya taba.
Wannan ya fusata, watakila, fushinsa na hauka
a lokacin da magana a cikin ni'ima ya rashes.
kuma ba tare da tsangwama ba yana huci.
To, ba abin da ya ji zafi da ƙarfi apocalypse.
Wannan ko shakka yana damun hakurinsa.
kuma wanda ke fama da rashin barci;
wannan yana adawa da juriya da zafi,
na farko yana fama da ciwon zuciya ba tare da ita ba;
kuma idan hukuncin lalacewa ne, a ƙarshe, rashin.
to, ita ce mafi girman azaba daga hassada.
Yana da sonnet wanda ke cikin mutum na uku inda Sor Juana yayi tunani akan abin da ya fi muni a cikin sha'anin soyayya: kishi, rashin ƙaunataccen, ko nesa.
Sauran shirye-shiryen lyrical na Sor Juana, wanda ke nufin batun rashi, yana nuna abubuwan da suka biyo baya: rashi a matsayin zafi mai karfi, kuma yana haifar da sha'awar mutuwa, wanda aka tabbatar a cikin "tun da aka ce bankwana", da kuma "Divine my". mai gida".
Sa'an nan, za mu yi magana game da sonnet Rhetoric na fili, yana nufin sonets biyu a cikin abin da Sor Juana ya ba da labarin daya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki da za ta kama. Muryar da ni da ke, ana kyautata zaton ta mace ce, ko da yake ba za a iya tabbatar da ita ta nahawu ba:
Na wannan gani mai tsarki da kyau
ruhohi suna fitowa da rai kuma suna cikin wuta.
kuma ana karɓe ta idona.
suna wuce ni zuwa inda ake jin mugunta;
shiga cikin sauki
by do mine, motsi da irin wannan zafi.
suna fitowa daga cikina kamar batattu,
kira na abin da ke da kyau
Ana lura da shi a cikin sonnets guda biyu, waɗanda ke ba da labarin musayar kallo da abin da ya samo asali "yana kunna" kallon wanda ake so a yanzu: motsin zuciya "inda ake jin mugunta" a matsayin maƙasudin ƙauna, da bincike. don zama ƙaunataccen, wanda ke jagorantar tsarin ciki na "ruhohin" biyu.
A cikin wannan sakin layi za mu yi magana game da sonnet na Ƙarfin Fantasy, kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun sonnets na Sor Juana, kuma adalci yana cikin abubuwan da ke ciki:
Dauke da ɗimbin zato tare da kyakkyawar ƙauna
Tsaya, inuwar kyakykyawan tunani na,
hoton sihiri da na fi so,
kyakkyawan mafarki wanda zan mutu da farin ciki,
labari mai dadi domin wanda nake rayuwa.
Ee ga maganadisu na godiya mai ban sha'awa
bauta wa kirji na karfe mai biyayya,
Me yasa ka sa ni cikin soyayyar yabo
idan za ka yi min ba'a to ya gudu?
Embarin emblazon ba zai iya ba, gamsu,
cewa zaluncinka ya ci nasara a kaina:
cewa ko da yake ka bar kunkuntar bond sata
cewa ku mai ban mamaki form bel,
ba ruwanka da izgili da hannuwa da kirji
idan ka sassaƙa kurkuku my fantasy
Yana nan a cikin wannan sonnet, inda Sor Juana a sarari yake zaɓi muryar mace, da kuma amfani da karin magana da ni da kai. Kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin quatrain na farko kamar: "inuwa", "image", "rutsuwa", "fiction", ma'anar ilimi ne tare da asalin Latin, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da hankali a lokaci guda, cewa adabi yana amfani da shi wajen yin jawabi ga masoyi.
Sor Juan dole ne ta bashi sauran abubuwan wallafe-wallafe, goma da haske, inda ta yi nuni ga tunani don ɗaukar batun rashi: mai ƙauna, ta hanyar tunani, wanda ba ya tafi komai nisa: a cikin haske ya danganta da cewa. zai zo"kullum tunaninka/kullum tunaninka", yana canza tunanin falsafa na wannan sonnet wanda ke da alaƙa da soyayyar addini a cikin sheki, lokacin da ya bayyana: "A nan a cikin rai zan gani / cibiyar kulawa ta / tare da idanun bangaskiyata: / abin da ke dandana tunanin / kuma makaho yana gani".
Heterodox Concepts na soyayya
A cikin wannan ra'ayi akwai:
An samo matches
Soyayya da kiyayya
reprobation na soyayya
Mutuwar soyayya
A cikin wadannan sonnets, Sor Juana ya karkata daga abin da aka kafa ta hanyar layin da aka ba wa ƙaunatacciyar ƙauna kuma, tare da babban ƙwarewa, ga Petrarchan, yana nuna waɗannan ra'ayoyin: ya haɗa da ƙauna wanda ya dace da gaskiyar, ban da wanda ake ƙauna idan yayi la'akari. dace; yana bayyana haɗin kai na ƙiyayya da ƙauna ga mutum ɗaya, kuma yana haifar da yanke shawara game da ban mamaki; yana nuna soyayya wanda dole ne a yarda da shi, yana nuna jin daɗin sa, kuma a gaskiya ma yana tabbatar da cewa ƙauna ba ta dawwama ba ce, amma mai wucewa.
A cikin sonnet Found wasiku, a cikin sakin layi na farko kusan nau'ikan sonnets ne na addini, kuma yana tabbatar da cewa koyaushe suna haɗin kai. A cikin waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan soyayya ne.
Magance lamarin wanda shine lokacin da ya fi jin daɗi a cikin wasiku da aka samo, soyayya ko ƙiyayya.
Cewa Fabio baya kaunata, ganin ana sonsa,
Yana da zafi ba tare da daidai ba a ma'ana:
ƙari, cewa Silvio yana ƙaunata, ƙiyayya,
Karamin mugunta ne, amma ba ƙaramin fushi ba.
Wace wahala ba za ta gaji ba
idan kullum suna kara a cikin kunnenka.
bayan girman kai na banza na masoyi.
nishin gajiyar rainin hankali?
Idan aikin Silvio ya gajiyar da ni,
Fabio ya gaji da gajiya;
idan na nemi godiya a gare shi.
dayan yana nemana da godiya:
domin azabata ce mai aiki da tawali'u.
To, ina shan wahala a cikin ƙauna da ƙauna.
A cikin sonnet So da ƙi, akwai sonnets guda biyu a cikin wannan guntu, wato:
Wannan yana ba da ma'anar ƙauna ba tare da ciwo ba
Ba zan iya samun ku ko barin ku ba
Ban san dalili ba, barin ku ko samun ku,
akwai wanda ban san abin da zan so ku ba
kuma da yawa eh na san abin da zan manta da ku.
To, ba kwa son ku bar ni ko ku gyara.
Zan fusata zuciyata da sa'a
bari rabi su karkata su ƙi ku
Ko da sauran rabin suna son son ku.
Idan wannan ne tilas a so juna, akwai hanya.
cewa shi ne ya mutu ya zama kullum jayayya;
babu sauran magana cikin zafi kuma, a cikin tuhuma.
kuma wanda ya ba da rabi ba ya son gaba daya;
kuma idan kana can ka yi min.
Kun san na sake gyarawa.
A cikin wannan sonnet, jigon abin da za a iya sani da "rabin soyayya" yana nan: mutum ba zai iya zama ba tare da kasancewar wanda ake ƙauna ba, ko tare da ita. Hakazalika, ana iya godiya da sautin hazaƙa, amma, tare da abubuwan da ke cikin sa na kwatsam, ƙayyadaddun magana wani samfuri ne mai ban mamaki, wanda kowane ɗan Meziko a yau zai iya amfani da shi a cikin tattaunawarsu ta yau da kullun.
Na soyayya, wanda aka sanya a gaba a cikin batun da bai cancanta ba, an ƙulla gyaran tuba
Lokacin da na ga kuskurena da sharrin ku,
Na yi tunani, Silvio, na kuskuren soyayya,
Yaya mummunan tunanin mugunta,
yadda tashin hankali karfin sha'awa.
Ga ƙwaƙwalwar kaina da ƙyar na gaskata
hakan zai iya dacewa da kulawa na
layin ƙarshe na waɗanda aka raina
ajalin karshe na mummunan aiki.
Ina so, idan na samu ganin ku,
Ganin kaunata maras mutunci, da iya karyata ta:
amma sai kawai dalili ya gargade ni
cewa ana gyara shi ne kawai wajen buga shi;
saboda babban laifin sonka.
Abin bakin ciki ne kawai, yarda da shi.
Mawaƙin Sor Juana, yana da wasu ƙididdiga waɗanda ke da alaƙa da jigon, kamar rashi wanda ya ƙare a manta, wannan kuma yana zuwa ga bambance-bambancen, wanda ke nufin, rabuwar masoya, zuwa "zubarwa" waɗanda ke rayuwa. A cikin wasu shirye-shiryen nasa an manta da shi kusa da ƙauna "ko rashin tausayi ko fushi": "Wane ne ba ya sha'awar mantawar, kun ba da ƙauna kaɗan, na wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa farko, ga na biyu yana gabatowa?
A cikin wannan sonnet na ɗan lokaci na soyayya, mawaƙin ya yi ishara da "ƙin yarda da soyayya": haifuwa, ko tuba, yana iyakance ƙarshen soyayya, wanda ta nuna cewa soyayya ba ta canzawa har abada.
Sonnets Alamar Sor Juana
Yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa Sor Juana, a cikin waƙoƙin waƙa da yawa, tana da sonnets da aka yi la'akari da su a cikin tarin rubuce-rubucenta, waɗanda za mu iya ambata:
Wannan yana ta'azantar da labarin kishi na jerin soyayya
Sonnet ne wanda ya ƙunshi ayoyi goma sha huɗu na manyan fasaha a cikin waƙa, yawanci hendecasyllables, kuma cikin saiti a cikin quatrains biyu da uku uku. Nun, yana da ikon nunawa a cikin wannan sonnet, sa'ar da ƙauna ke da shi lokacin da masu kishi, da sha'awar sha'awa suka motsa tun daga farko, ya nade shi kuma ya bar kansa a ja. Ya bayyana kishin da yake ji don tsoron rasa masoyinsa, sun zama gaskiyar rasata.
Koka game da sa'a: alamun ƙiyayyarsa ga mugayen halaye da kuma tabbatar da sha'awar sa ga Muses
A cikin wannan sonnet ɗin, muryar mawaƙa tana fuskantar duniya, tare da fariya da ɓarna. Saboda waɗannan zuga, ga wallafe-wallafen babu matsala mai yiwuwa, kiyayewa: menene kuɗi da daraja za su kasance masu daraja ba tare da fahimta ba?
Ya ƙunshi abun ciki mai ban sha'awa tare da ƙauna mai kyau
Damuwar soyayya tana nan a cikin wannan sonnet. Ba wai kawai yana bayyana ƙauna a matsayin dangantaka tsakanin mutane ba, amma a matsayin kwarewa mai girma. Ƙauna ta Allah ba za ta iya ruɗe ba, duk da haka ana iya gane ta.
Wawayen maza kuke zargi
Shahararriyar sonnet, mai suna "Wawayen maza masu zarginku...", tana nufin redondilla, wanda ke nufin sonnet of stanzas wanda ya ƙunshi ayoyi huɗu na ƙananan fasaha tare da waƙoƙin baƙo, na farko tare da na ƙarshe kuma na biyu tare da na uku. Nunawa a cikin wannan sonnet, don haka na musamman cewa mawaƙin, yana tambayar matsayin maza ga mata.
Zuwa ga Kristi a cikin Sacrament mai albarka, ranar tarayya
Sonnet ne, inda ake samun furucin soyayya ta waka don mu’amala da baituka da dama, yawanci harrusai takwas. Waɗannan waƙoƙin sonnet ɗin suna da waƙar assonance bi-biyu, yayin da waɗanda basu da zaman kansu.
Ana iya gani a cikin wannan soyayya, yadda ƙauna mai girma take kasancewa, wannan lokacin cikin Almasihu, ta zama cikin Eucharist. Kasancewar Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki, a raye kuma yana nan a cikin Eucharist, don haka, hanya ce ta kasancewar cikakkiyar ƙauna da ke ɗaukaka da tabbatar da wanzuwa.
Bayan sanin babban jerin sonnets na Sor Juana, kuma dalla-dalla da yawa daga cikinsu don kasancewa masu mahimmanci a cikin waƙoƙin wannan nun, za mu bayyana wace ce wannan nun wacce ta sadaukar da kanta don kamawa da rubutun hannunta, don haka maganganun kama da haka. alamar rayuwarsa da kasancewar yawancin masu karatu.
Tarihin Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
An haifi Juana Inés de Asbaje y Ramírez de Santillana, wanda aka fi sani da Sor Juan de la Cruz, a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 1648, a birnin San Miguel de Nepantla, Jihar Mexico, Mexico.
https://youtu.be/EqExgGAynPU
Mahaifinsa, Pedro Manuel de Abaje y Machuca, kyaftin din Basque, wanda ya fito daga Vergara, Guipúzcoa, wanda ya yi aure, kuma lokacin da ya sadu da Isabel Ramírez de Santillana de Cantillana, ɗan ƙasar. Yacapixtla, wani gari da ke jihar Morelos a ƙasar Meziko, suka taru suka haifi 'ya'ya mata uku. Kasancewa Juana Inés na biyu na 'ya'ya mata na wannan ƙungiyar. Ba a haɗa su cikin aure ba.
Masana da masu bincike da yawa a kan wannan batu har yanzu ba su fayyace dalilin da ya shafi Sor Juana ba, a lokacin da aka san ta da shege, saboda iyayenta ba su kasance da haɗin kai ba a cikin ibadar aure, duk da haka, sun ce a lokuta da yawa wannan batu ya kasance. bata bayyana ta ba.
A lokacin ƙuruciyarta ta kasance ƴaƴa mai hazaka mai hazaka, tana da shekaru uku ta fara zana rubuce-rubucenta na farko a cikin sigar doodles, kuma tana da shekaru bakwai, ta rubuta waƙa.
Sor Juana ta yi rayuwa mai kyau a lokacin kuruciyarta a Panoayan, a wata gona mallakin kakanta na wajen uwa, a cikin gidan akwai wani babban dakin karatu mai kayatarwa inda Sor Juana ke ci gaba da neman litattafai da za ta karanta, don haka aka kiyasta cewa a wancan lokacin. lokacin harabar an haifi sha'awar karatunsa, tare da wadatar da iliminsa.
A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Sor Juana ta yi fice a matsayin yarinya mai basirar basira, tun tana ɗan shekara uku, tana koyon karatu da rubutu, kuma tana ɗan shekara takwas ta sami damar bayyana yabo ta farko ga Sacrament mai albarka. wanda aka rubuta da sonnets a cikin Mutanen Espanya da kuma Nahuatl, yaren da ya koya sa’ad da ya gaya wa bayi game da yanayin kakansa ƙaunataccen.
A shekara ta 1659, ya ƙaura tare da iyalinsa zuwa birnin Mexico, inda ya zauna a gidan kakansa María Ramírez da Juan de Mata, mijin kawar sa.
A tsawon lokaci, a cikin shekaru 1663 da 1665, Sor Juana ya sami yabo don basira da fasaha na adabi, ban da basirar basira da ilimi mai zurfi, wannan yana taimaka mata shiga kotun Viceroy Antonio Sebastián de Toledo, Marquis de Mancera tare da matarsa. , Viceroy Leonor de Carreto.
A duk tsawon lokacin, Sor Juana yana da mataimakiyar a matsayin mai kare ta, wanda ya ba ta damar haɓaka ƙwarewar wallafe-wallafen, ɗaukar waƙoƙi da waƙoƙi, yawancin su an ba da izini.
Tun yana ƙarami, Sor Juana ya yanke shawarar shiga gidan zuhudu, ya fi son yin rayuwa ta addini, maimakon ba da kansa ga aure, a ra'ayinta, a cikin gidan zuhudu ta ci gaba da koyo ba tare da iyaka ba.
A cikin 1667, Sor Juana ta shiga gidan zuhudu na Karmeli, wanda daga baya ta bar saboda matsalolin lafiya. Amma, bayan wani lokaci ya wuce, ya shiga cikin Order of Saint Jerome, inda ya zauna a cikin ɗaki ɗaya da dadi.
Kasancewa a cikin wannan Order na Saint Jerome, Sister Juan, tana da manyan damammaki don ci gaba da karatunta, bincike na kimiyya, sadaukar da kanta ga rubuce-rubuce, tsara waƙoƙi, ɗaukar wasan kwaikwayo, har ma ta sami damar samun ziyara daga abokanta, zuwa inda ya daɗe. tattaunawa da sauran masana da mawaka, da kuma yin wasu ayyuka. Sai da a dakin nasa ya iya gina wani muhimmin dakin karatu.
Daga cikin haruffan da suka ziyarce ta, Carlos de Sigüenza de Góngora, dangi na Luis de Góngora, wanda ke da tasiri mai yawa a kan fasahar wallafe-wallafe, ana iya haskakawa, wanda za a iya gani a cikin sonnets da ayyukan wakoki.
A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwar ’yar’uwar Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, sun ci gaba da shan wahala da mutuwar manyan abokansu da yawa, tawaye na zamantakewa na New Spain, da kasancewar annoba mai lalacewa da ta kawo ƙarshen rayuka da yawa.
Saboda waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru, Sor Juana ta yi watsi da fasahar rubutu don ba da cikakken lokacinta ga rayuwar sufi. Haka nan kuma ta je ta tallafa wa sauran abokan zamanta na zuhudu, tana taimakon wadanda suka kamu da cutar kwalara da ta hukunta duk mazauna.
Mutuwar ta ba Sor Juana de la Cruz mamaki, wata safiya a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1965, tana da shekaru 43, saboda ta kamu da cutar. An binne ta a wannan rana, kuma babban abokinta Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora ne ya riga ya binne ta.
Bayan mutuwarsa, an daukaka darajarsa tare da ayyukan wallafe-wallafensa, ana la'akari da shi daya daga cikin mafi girman bayyanar baroque mafi mahimmanci na karni na XNUMX da Golden Age na Mutanen Espanya, wanda ke nufin cewa sunansa ya sami matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin yanayin wallafe-wallafen. na New Spain.
Aikinsa
Sor Juana ta sadaukar da rayuwarta don rubuta ayyuka daban-daban, ta bar wa yawancin masu karatu farantawa ɗimbin iliminta, injiniyanci, da ƙwarewar fasahar adabi. An ce yawancin ayyukan da Sor Juana ya rubuta sun kasance saboda ayyuka ne da mutane daban-daban suka ba su. Ayyukan adabinsa daban-daban sun keɓance don tsananin kishi na jayayyar sa, don bayyana halinsa, iya nazarin batutuwan da suka shafi soyayya, kare mata, yin amfani da albarkatun adabi cikin hikima, cancanta, kammalawa, da dai sauransu.
ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo
A cikin wasan kwaikwayo nata, Sor Juana ta kasance da halin rubuta wasan barkwanci wanda ke nuna kwazo da kulawa don samar da kurakurai a cikin labaranta.
Ƙoƙarin gida: wasan ban dariya ne wanda aka yi shi da yabo biyu. An kwatanta shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ayyuka a cikin adabin Latin Amurka, wanda Sor Juana ya tsara. A ƙarshe, yana magana ne game da gazawar fata na Nun, halin da aka santa don ƙarfinta da matsalolin da ma'aurata ke fuskanta a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum.
Auna ta fi maze
Yana da wani wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka rubuta tare da goyon bayan mai suna Juan de Guevara, wanda ya kammala kashi na biyu na aikin, jigon yana da abun ciki na mythological. An gabatar da wannan aikin a cikin bukukuwan zato na mataimakin Gaspar de la Cerda Mendoza, a cikin shekara ta 1689.
Motocin hadaya
Mawaƙin Sor Inés, ya sadaukar da kansa don ɗaukar sacramentales autos guda uku, wasa ne na musamman na addini, wanda aka ba da izini daga Madrid. Waɗannan ayyukan suna karɓar lakabi na: Shahidan sacrament, sandan José da Narcissus na allahntaka.
Mawaƙa
Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, wata macen da ta nuna iyawarta ta waka tare da fitacciyar asali da jin daɗi don bayyana kewayon jigogin rayuwa, ƙauna, ɓarnawar zuciya da abota.
Aikinsa mai suna Mafarki na Farko, aikin daya tilo da wahayinsa ya rubuta, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1692. An gano shi a matsayin doguwar waka da ta kunshi layi 975. Na farko ina mafarki, wata waka wadda Sor Juana a cikinta ke jaddada bukatar ’yan Adam su sami ilimi da jin daɗin manyan ƙwarewar ilimi.