Endemism kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin ilmin halitta don kafa sanyawa taxon da ke iyakance ga iyakataccen sararin samaniya kuma wanda ba a samuwa a cikin yanayi a ko'ina a duniya, shine amsar ¿Menene nau'in endemic?, tunda wuri daya suke.
Menene nau'in endemic?
Endemism sifa ce da ta haɗa cikin yanayi mai faɗi da yawa. Yana da bayyana Bambancin Rayayyun halittu da Mu'amalarsu. Ta haka ne za mu iya samun kwayoyin halitta da za su iya kamuwa da tafki ko saman dutse, tsarin kogi ko tsaunuka, tsibiri, kasa ko ma nahiya. Abin da aka saba shi ne cewa wannan ma'anar ta shafi nau'in halittu masu rai, amma kuma ana amfani da ita a cikin wasu harajin da suka shafi nau'o'i, nau'o'i, jinsi ko iyalai.
Abu na al'ada shi ne cewa kalmar endemism tana taimakawa da wata kalma wacce za ta zama wacce za ta sanar da ita daga wane wuri ne jinsin ya keɓanta. Dauki misali, Teide blue finch, wanda aka ce yana da yawa ga Tenerife, domin ya keɓanta ga tsibirin Tenerife, a cikin Canary Islands.
Wasu misalan nau'in endemic na duniya
Mun riga mun ambata finch blue, wanda rashin alheri yana cikin hatsarin lalacewa, amma a cikin yanki guda ɗaya shine itacen dragon, wanda shine itacen da ke fama da Macaronesia. Wani misali na dabi'a na endemism shine na Iberian lynx, wanda ke zaune a cikin Iberian Peninsula, ko kuma giant sequoia, wanda kawai za'a iya samuwa a cikin Saliyon Californian Nevada.
Tsibiran, saboda keɓewarsu, sune wurare masu kyau don samun babban matakin haɓaka. Al’amarin irin wannan shi ne na Ostiraliya, wadda ba ta da wata alaƙa da sauran ƙasashen da suka fito sama da shekaru miliyan 50, waɗanda za a iya fahimtar su da su. menene dabbobi masu yaduwa? da kuma keɓantaccen tsiron da yake da shi wanda ya bambanta da na sauran duniya.
Irin wannan abu ya faru a New Guinea, inda rabin tsuntsayen ke da yawa kuma rabin dabbobi masu shayarwa na Philippines su ma ba su keɓanta a wurin. Amma wanda ke da matsayi na farko a fannin endemism shine tsibirin Madagascar.
Menene nau'in endemic? A wannan tsibiri duk masu amphibians suna da yawa, kashi 90% na dabbobi masu rarrafe, ciki har da rabin nau'in hawainiya na duniya, 55% na dabbobi masu shayarwa, kamar fossas da lemurs, kuma kashi 50% na tsuntsayenta keɓaɓɓu ne ga Madagascar. Bugu da ƙari, kusan kashi 80% na tsire-tsire ba a samun su a ko'ina a duniya.
A daya hannun kuma, kashi 95% na nau'in kifin na manyan tabkunan Afirka suna da yawa. Amma tsibiran da ke da aman wuta, wadanda ba su sami damar yin mu'amala da nahiyoyi ba, suna da saurin kamuwa da nau'in halittu masu yaduwa; nau'in da ke zaune a can su ne zuriyar waɗanda suka zo da dadewa kuma suka sami damar daidaitawa.
Tabbacin haka shi ne ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar da ke wanzuwa a tsibiran Hawai ko tsibirin Galapagos, na ƙarshe su ne suka ba Charles Darwin kwarin guiwa kan sanannen ka'idarsa ta juyin halitta; da tsibirin Canary mai nau'in tsire-tsire 500 da ke da tsire-tsire musamman, tsibirin Tenerife, wanda ke da kaso mafi girma na furanni masu ban sha'awa a yankin Macaronesian. halittar Yankunan Kare na Latin Amurka.
Za a iya samun babban misali na endemism a cikin kifin Cyprinodon diabolis, wanda kawai ke zaune a cikin rijiya mai zafi guda ɗaya da ke cikin Death Valley National Park, wanda ƙidaya na ƙarshe, wanda aka gudanar a cikin 2014, ya haifar da kasancewar mutane talatin da biyar kawai. , don haka ya tafi ba tare da faɗi cewa nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in halittu ne ba.
