Shin kun taɓa yin mamaki menene jazz, menene tarihinsa kuma wanene manyan wakilai na wannan salon waka. A cikin wannan ɗaba'ar da kuka sami kanku, za mu warware duk shakkar da kuke da ita game da wannan nau'in kiɗan daga ƙarshen ƙarni na XNUMX.
An haife shi a Amurka, kuma ya kasance a nau'i mai tasiri sosai a cikin shahararrun kiɗan shekaru da suka wuce har ma a yau. Akwai mutane da yawa da suka yi imanin cewa wannan kalma ta fito ne daga jargon da 'yan wasa ke amfani da su a bakin tekun yamma. A gefe guda, ga wasu kalmar jazz tana da tushen Afirka da ke da alaƙa da aikin jima'i.
jazz a cakuɗar sautuka daban-daban na Afirka ta Amirka da Arewacin Amirka. Ana la'akari da ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kuma tasiri salon kiɗa a duniya don sauran nau'ikan kiɗan. Idan kun kasance mai son irin wannan nau'in kiɗan, da kuma wasu, amma kuna sha'awar tarihin da aka haifa a kusa da waɗannan nau'o'in, za ku so wannan littafin.
Menene jazz: asali da ra'ayi
Jazz da, ya fito a karni na sha tara a matsayin sabon nau'in kida wanda ya samo asali daga kudancin jihar Amurka, Mississippi. Wannan nau'in ya samo asali ne saboda haɗin kai na waƙoƙin Afro-Amurka daban-daban da rhythms.
Ka jaddada cewa asalin kiɗan wannan salon yana da rikitarwa, don haka ba za a iya bayyana shi cikin sauƙi ba. Gaskiya ne, kamar yadda muka fada, cewa sakamakon al'adun Afro-Amurka ne, amma Har ila yau, wasu al'adu da nau'ikan kiɗa sun yi tasiri a kansa.
Farkon wannan sabon salon kiɗa yana faruwa ne lokacin da bayin asalin Afirka suna zaune a yankunan kudancin Amurka, su fara bayyana al'adunsu da al'adunsu ta hanyar amfani da kayan kida daban-daban shima kamar shi da raka shi da wakoki.
Wakokin da suka yi nasu ne hanyar nuna rashin gamsuwarsu da halin da ake ciki na bauta cewa da yawa daga cikinsu sun rayu a lokacin. A yawancin al'adunsu, bayin sun cire takalmansu kuma suna rera waƙa don ci gaba da tunawa da haɗin gwiwa.
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Saboda haramcin wadannan ayyukan. bayi suna neman bayyanar da kansu ta wata hanya ta hanyar amfani da tafin hannu da bugun ƙafafu, kamar abubuwan kaɗa don ƙirƙirar kiɗan ku da jin daɗin al'adunku. Wannan ƙuntatawa da muke magana akai ba a yi amfani da ita ba a cikin sanannen wuri Kongo a New Orleans. A wannan wurin, akwai bayi da yawa waɗanda suke haɗuwa da yardar rai don raira waƙa, raye-raye da buga kayan kaɗe-kaɗe da hannu.
Kade-kade na Afirka, amfani da kayan kide-kide, jituwa da jimla, su ne manyan abubuwan da suka kafa tushen jazz a wancan lokacin, wadanda suka share fagen fara bayyanar da rubutun blues. Neman sautin ku shine wurin farawa don cimma waɗannan tushe da aka ambata.
Lokacin da bayi sun sami 'yancinsu, ba za su iya jin dadin 'yancinsu kawai ba, amma godiya ga wannan sabon salon kiɗa ya bayyana irin su ragtime da aka sani da magabata na jazz da muka sani a yau.
Juyin Jazz, daga 1910 zuwa 1950
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/
An san nau'ikan kiɗan guda biyu don share fagen jazz. Na farkon su ana kiran su dixieland, wanda ya fito a cikin 1910 kuma ƙungiyoyi ne suka yi su inda aka buga kayan aiki guda uku irin su tuba, ƙaho da saxophone. Baya ga waɗannan guda uku, ana kuma haɗa su da ganguna, bass, trombone da wasu lokuta clarinet.
Wani nau'in nau'in da zai share hanya shi ne wanda muka ambata a cikin sashin da ya gabata. ragtime wanda babban jigon sa shine Scott Joplin. Wannan nau'in da muke magana akai, ya haɗu da lafazin lafuzza da kwatance waɗanda daga baya ƴan pian suka yi.
A cikin babban birnin st louis, dake Missouri, al'ada ce rakiyar jana'izar tare da ƙungiyar kiɗa. An kunna waƙoƙin waƙa a hankali, a hankali tare da sauti mai laushi da bakin ciki lokacin da ake raka akwatin gawar zuwa makabarta. Lokacin da ya juya, kiɗan ya canza zuwa salon daɗaɗɗa wanda ya sa mutane su yi rawa, rera kuma yanayinsu ya canza gaba ɗaya.
Wadannan ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi, sun fara samun farin jini a tsakanin sauran sassa daban-daban kamar gidajen karuwai inda suka fara kidansu. Shekaru daga baya, a cikin 1917, an yanke shawarar rufe unguwar karuwai a Storyville inda waɗannan makada suka buga.
Wannan ya haifar da hijira na duk waɗannan mawaƙa zuwa Chicago da New York inda suka zauna a manyan kulake masu daraja, yawancinsu mallakin ’yan Mafia ne. Tare da waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru na rayuwa, haɓaka nau'in kiɗan jazz ya fara.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/
Jazz ɗin da aka yi a wannan lokacin shine halin da rhythmic pulsation a kan downbeats. Wannan ra'ayi yana nufin jeri na bugun da ake maimaita akai-akai, wanda ke sa lokaci ya raba zuwa sassa daidai. Lafazin rhythmic suna canzawa zuwa bugun na biyu da na huɗu.
A cikin 40s, jazz an riga an san shi kuma an yaba shi a yawancin sassan duniya. Faɗuwar maƙallan kaɗe-kaɗe ya ba da dama ga sabon salon kiɗan na daban kamar BeBop a 1941. Dizzy Gillespie na ɗaya daga cikin jagororin wannan sabon salon kiɗan. Godiya ga sarrafa shi da sautin ƙaho, an bayyana halayen wannan sabon harshe na kiɗa.
Wani majagaba na BeBop shine Charlie Parker, wanda ya gabatar da sabuwar hanya da harshe na ingantawa tare da salon motsin rai kwata-kwata ba a san shi ba kuma abin mamaki ga waɗanda suka saurare shi.
A cikin 1948, an haifi sabon motsi, mai sanyi. Wannan sabon salon yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da na baya, BeBop. Cool jazz ya shahara sosai tare da fararen mawaƙa kamar Lennie Tristano, amma kuma ya shahara a fili tare da mawakan baƙi. A wannan lokacin sunaye masu mahimmanci da yawa sun bayyana a cikin tarihin jazz kamar Gunther Schuller, Bob Graettinger ko Gil Evans.
Juyin Jazz, daga 1960 zuwa yanzu
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An haifi jazz kyauta a cikin 1960 a ƙarƙashin zargi da yawa ta hanyar ba kawai jama'a ba har ma da kwararru a fannin sun cancanci wannan sabon salon ba kamar kiɗa ba. A tsawon shekaru, wannan salon yana yin tasiri ga mutane da yawa, musamman ma matasa mawakan jazz.
game da shekaru 1965, jazz kyauta ya zama hanyar magana ga mawaƙa akan jigogi daban-daban. Bayan shekaru biyu, koma bayan tattalin arziki ya fara bayyana game da wannan salon, jazz kyauta.
Wannan Yanayin kiɗa a cikin 1970, sannan abin da ake kira Electric Jazz wanda yayi amfani da kiɗan lantarki wanda nau'in dutsen ya rinjayi. Wannan gwajin ƙungiyoyin rock tare da kiɗan jazz daga baya ya haifar da sabbin salon kiɗan.
A wannan mataki na tarihi. Mawakan jazz sun haɗa wannan nau'in da sauran al'adun kiɗan haifar da sababbin salo irin su jazz rock, flamenco jazz, Latin jazz, da dai sauransu. Wannan lokacin yana da alaƙa da haɗuwa da salo.
A cikin A cikin 80s, babban faɗuwar kiɗan jazz ya fara, wanda ya haifar da haɗuwa daban-daban wadanda suka faru tsawon shekaru. Wannan ya haifar da wannan nau'in kiɗan gaba ɗaya ya rabu da asalinsa, wanda ya haifar da babban rikici. Tare da zuwan sabon al'ada, jazz ya sami jerin sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci da'awar komawa ga asali da tsabtar salon.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/
Jazz, a cikin 90s sun kasance tare tare da nau'ikan kiɗa daban-daban irin su pop, rock, grunge, da dai sauransu. Juyin juya halin da manyan mawakan jazz na wannan mataki suka haifar ya bayyana dabaru daban-daban da suke amfani da su wajen ingantawa. An tattara waɗannan fasahohin daga tasiri daban-daban, waɗanda daga baya suka haɗu ba tare da iyaka ba.
Ba kawai a cikin New York City ba manyan masu fasahar jazz sun bayyana, amma da yawa sun fito bayan iyakokinta. Ya sake aiwatar da ra'ayoyin da tsararraki daban-daban na mawakan jazz suka kafa.
Kiɗa na lantarki da juyin juya halin da ya zo da shi ya yi tasiri kai tsaye ga ci gaban jazz. Godiya ga wannan juyin juya halin, sun fara suna bayyana sabbin masu haɓakawa waɗanda suka fito daga jazz kyauta na gargajiya amma suna haifar da tasiri na gargajiya avant-gardes na lantarki music.
A cikin A halin yanzu, akwai masu fasaha da yawa waɗanda suka haɓaka salon jazz rap kamar Kanye West, Hocus Pocus, Madlib, da sauransu.
Fitattun wakilan jazz
A cikin wannan sashe, za mu ambaci wasu daga cikin mafi muhimmanci jazz Figures a duniya, girmama wannan salon kiɗan wanda ga mutane da yawa ana ɗauka a matsayin kayan aiki da za a gina al'ummomi masu haɗaka da su.
Duke Ellington
Source: https://lacarnemagazine.com/
Daya daga cikin mafi girma jazz Legends a duniya. Mawaƙi, pianist da madugu. Yawancin nau'ikan kiɗan na wannan salon sun fito waje, sama da dubu biyu daga cikinsu Jeeps Blues sun fice.
Charlie Parker
Source: https://www.elconfidencial.com/
Tare da fiye da ƙididdiga sittin da fiye da rikodin ɗari, an gane saxophonist da mawaki Charlie Parker. a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun wasan jazz.
Charles mungu
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Mai fafutuka a kan wariyar launin fata, mawaki, pianist da mai kunna bass biyu. Yana da fiye da 20 rikodin abubuwan da ke ɗaukar jazz don a ji su a duniya.
Ella Fitzgerald
Source: https://www.rtve.es/
Wannan mata ta yi a goma samarwa kuma ƙari, ya yi rikodin tare da masu fasaha daban-daban na matakin Duke Ellington da Count Basie.
Nina Simone
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Mawaƙi, mawaki da piano na salon kiɗa daban-daban kamar jazz, blues rhythm da ruhi. Mai kare hakkin bakar fata. Ya bar Arewacin Amurka don ƙaura zuwa Turai.
miles Davis
Source: https://es.wikipedia.org/
Jazz trumpeter da mawaki. Memba na rukunin gida Eddie Randle's Blue Devil's. Na yi fice da kida don gyare-gyaren da na yi da sautunan ƙaho.
Dizzy gillespie
Source: httpses.wikipedia.org
Tare da fitacciyar sana'ar kiɗa, mun kawo muku wannan wakilin kiɗan jazz. Trumpeter, mawaƙa kuma mawaƙin wannan salon kiɗa wanda yayi aiki tare da Charlie Parker. Yana daya daga cikin Majagaba na Arewacin Amurka don shiga ƙungiyar jazz na Afro-Cuban.
Louis Armstrong
Source: https://www.esquire.com/
Mutum mai tsarki na duniya a matsayin mai busa ƙaho da mawaƙa tare da babban tasiri akan tarihi da juyin halittar jazz.
Kyawawan dabi'un da nau'ikan kade-kade na jazz ke tattare da su, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da su a matsayin yunkuri na hadin kai, tattaunawa da aiki tsakanin al'ummomi da kabilu daban-daban.