El shuka abinci tsari yana daya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci a gare su don samun damar rayuwa da samun al'amura da kuzarin da ke da mahimmanci ga rayuwarsu da tsarin ci gaban su. A yau za mu koyi komai game da wannan muhimmin tsari da yadda yake aiki.
Yaya tsarin abinci mai gina jiki yake?
Tsarin ta wanda A shuka abinci mai gina jiki faruwa ya kasu kashi daban-daban. Na gaba za mu san kowane ɗayan matakai na shuka abinci mai gina jiki:
Tsirrai suna yin nasu abincin
Tambaya gama gari ita cemenene abincin shuka? Tsirrai suna da ikon sarrafa abincinsu, saboda haka, ba sa buƙatar fitar da abincinsu daga sauran halittu. Tsarin ciyar da shuka ya ƙunshi matakai guda uku: ɗaukar abubuwa daga ƙasa da iska, canza waɗannan abubuwan zuwa abincinta da rarraba wannan abincin a cikin "jikinsa". Bugu da ƙari, don tsire-tsire su sami damar cin gajiyar abincinsu, za su buƙaci numfashi akai-akai, wani abu da ke faruwa tare da dukan masu rai.
Ba kamar sauran halittu masu rai kamar dabbobi da fungi ba, tsire-tsire suna iya ƙirƙirar nasu nau'ikan abinci mai gina jiki na shuka daga:
- Gishirin ruwa da ma'adinai waɗanda suke sha daga ƙasa ta tushensu.
- Gas da suke iya sha daga iska kuma suna shiga ta ganyen su.
- Hasken rana.
Ɗaukar waɗannan abubuwan, tsire-tsire suna iya kera wasu abubuwa masu mahimmanci don haɓakarsu kuma su sami damar aiwatar da mahimman ayyukansu masu mahimmanci. Wani bangare na abincin da ba a yi amfani da shi don cika wadannan ayyuka yana adana shi a cikin saiwoyinsa, ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa ko a cikin 'ya'yansa.
Shigar da abinci mai gina jiki
Tsire-tsire suna shiga cikin ruwa da gishirin ma'adinai ta tushensu ta hanyar abin da ake kira gashin gashi mai sha, wanda ke haifar da cakuda da aka sani da danyen sap. Wannan danyen ruwan yakan yi sama da gangar jikin tsiron har sai ya kai ga ganyen, suna yin haka ne ta bututu masu sirara da ake kira “Tasoshin katako”.
Duk da yake, carbon dioxide yana shiga cikin ganyen su ta hanyar ƙananan buɗaɗɗen da suke da kuma wanda ake kira stomata.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis shine tsarin da tsire-tsire ke iya yin nasu abincin. Yana faruwa a cikin duka Irin ganye na shuke-shuke. Dukansu ruwa da gishirin ma'adinai da ake samu a cikin ɗanyen ruwan 'ya'yan itace suna haɗuwa da carbon dioxide kuma sun zama abin da muka sani a matsayin sap ɗin da aka sarrafa, wanda shine abinci ga tsirrai.
Domin aiwatar da aiwatar da canza danyen ruwan 'ya'yan itacen ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai cikakken bayani ya faru, hasken rana zai zama dole, wanda shine dalilin da yasa tsire-tsire ke aiwatar da photosynthesis kawai a cikin rana, tunda suna buƙatar hasken yanayi don ya faru.
Tsire-tsire suna kama hasken rana ta hanyar chlorophyll, wanda shine nasu abu, kore ne, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suke da irin wannan launi. Ɗaya daga cikin sakamakon aikin photosynthesis shine cewa shuka zai iya kawar da oxygen.
A lokacin aikin photosynthesis, tsire-tsire kuma suna iya samar da iskar oxygen, wanda daga nan sai a sake shi zuwa sararin samaniyar duniyarmu. Wannan iskar oxygen da suke fitarwa shine abin da duk mai rai ke amfani da shi don samun damar numfashi da rayuwa.
Domin aiwatar da photosynthesis ya faru, dole ne abubuwa masu zuwa sun kasance:
- Wannan chlorophyll yana cikin perenchyma.
- Kasancewar danyen sap yana da mahimmanci.
- Carbon dioxide da shuka ya sha ta cikin stomata na ganyensa.
- Hasken rana.
Rarraba ruwan 'ya'yan itace
Lokacin da aka samar da ɗimbin ruwan itace, ana rarraba shi a ko'ina cikin shuka ta wasu bututu masu kyau da suke da su, waɗanda ake kira jiragen ruwa na Laberiya. Wadannan tasoshin sun sha bamban da tasoshin katako wadanda ke da alhakin safarar danyen ruwan. Ta wannan hanyar, babu yuwuwar cewa nau'ikan ruwan 'ya'yan itace guda biyu sun ƙare tare da juna.
Wannan tsari na rarrabawa yana da matukar mahimmanci saboda akwai wurare a cikin tsire-tsire waɗanda ba sa aiwatar da tsarin photosynthesis (kamar tushen ko mai tushe), duk da haka, waɗannan, kamar sauran tsire-tsire, suna buƙatar samun rabonsu na abinci, Wannan. shine dalilin da yasa rarraba yake da mahimmanci.
Numfashi numfashi
Kamar kowane mai rai, tsire-tsire kuma suna buƙatar tsarin numfashi, wanda shine dalilin da yasa koyaushe yana da mahimmanci a sani yadda tsire-tsire suke ci da numfashi. Shi ya sa suke shan iskar da ake samu a cikin iskar da ke kewaye da su suna fitar da carbon dioxide. Oxygen din da suke sha yana hade da abincinsu, haka ake samar da makamashi. Tsire-tsire suna da numfashi akai-akai, wato, suna yin shi duka da rana da daddare.
Kowane daga cikin Sassan shuka yana buƙatar samun iskar oxygen. Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar hasken rana don su sami damar aiwatar da aikinsu na photosythetic kuma ta haka ne suke yin abincinsu, don aiwatar da wannan tsari, ruwa, gishirin ma'adinai, carbon dioxide da hasken rana ya zama dole. Ban da wannan, yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa za su iya numfashi da yin hakan a tsawon yini.
Nau'in Abincin Shuka
Dangane da abun ciki na kowane nau'in sinadirai da shuka ke sha, zamu iya cewa an rarraba su ta hanyoyi biyu: macronutrients da micronutrients.
macronutrients
Waɗannan su ne halayen don samun taro fiye da 0.1% na busassun busassun. Idan muka yi magana game da sinadarai da ke da mafi girman maida hankali su ne: carbon, hydrogen da oxygen, ana samun su a cikin ruwa da kuma sararin samaniya.
Yanzu, ana ɗaukar nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium a matsayin macronutrients na farko, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ana iya samun su galibi a cikin takin mai magani. Idan muka je na biyu macronutrients, za mu sami alli, magnesium da sulfur.
Kayan masarufi
Har ila yau, an san su da sunan abubuwan da aka gano, su ne wadanda ba su wuce 0.1% na busassun kwayoyin halitta ba. Daga cikin wadannan abubuwa za mu iya samun: chlorine, iron, boron, manganese, zinc, jan karfe, nickel da molybdenum.
Akwai wasu abubuwan da za su iya zama masu fa'ida da mahimmanci ga wasu nau'ikan amfanin gona da suke cikin tsarin abinci mai gina jiki, daga cikinsu akwai: sodium, silicon da cobalt.
