Shin kuna son sanin wace ce mafi girma a duniyarmu a tsarin hasken rana? yimenene jupiter? To, yana da game da duniya Jupiter kuma tana da halaye na musamman, kamar samuwarta da tsarinta, don haka muna gayyatar ku da ku karanta wannan labarin don kammala ilimin ku game da wannan katuwar duniya.
Haɗin Jupiter
Babbar Jupiter duniya ce ta samar da iskar gas, wadda ta zama hadewar hydrogen a cikin saturation na kashi 93% da helium a cikin jikewa na kashi 7%. Ya ƙunshi iskar gas kuma ya ƙunshi kashi 71% na jimlar sauran duniyoyin da ke cikin tsarin hasken rana, duniya Jupiter yana wakiltar dukan taro.
Jupiter ita ce duniyar da ke matsayi na biyar dangane da Rana, tunda ta riga ta zo da Mercury, Venus, Duniya da Mars, a cikin tsari. An karɓi wannan sunan don girmama allahn tatsuniyar Romawa Jupiter. Yana yiwuwa a kiyaye shi da ido a cikin dare, domin ita ce ta hudu mafi haske a sararin samaniya, a gaban Rana, wata da duniyar Venus.
Amma rabon haske tsakanin duniyar Venus da duniya Jupiter Ya bambanta, ya danganta da watan shekarar da muka sami kanmu a cikinta. Alal misali, a cikin watan Maris, Venus yana haskakawa fiye da Jupiter, amma a wasu watanni gaskiya ne.
Halayen Jupiter
Kamar sauran duniyoyin da ke tattare da iskar gas, iskarsa na kusan kilomita 600 a cikin sa'a guda, suna ratsa saman saman duniyar. Jupiter yana da sanannen Great Red Spot, wanda masu sha'awar ilimin taurari ke lura akai-akai kuma yanki ne mai matsa lamba na yanayinsa tare da kyawawan siffofi na musamman.
An tabbatar da cewa duniya Jupiter Yana haskaka adadin kuzari mai yawa zuwa sararin samaniya fiye da yadda Rana ke sha.Wani fiyayyen al'amari na Jupiter kuma wanda ya kamata mu yi godiya gare shi shi ne saboda wurin da yake da shi ya zama layin kariya ga rayuwa a doron duniya. Idan Jupiter baya cikin hakan Birita da wuri, duniyarmu za ta fi fuskantar barazanar hare-haren asteroid sau 1000.
Ruwan asteroids da meteorites a cikin sashinmu na sararin samaniya yana da zagayawa kuma yana faruwa kusan kowace shekara 60.000, kuma don rayuwa ta mamaye duniya, Jupiter ya taka muhimmiyar rawa.
Kasancewar wannan katafaren duniya a cikin tsarin hasken rana ya kasance mai mahimmanci, saboda girman girmansa yana haifar da ikon ja wanda ke jan hankalin manyan abubuwa waɗanda ke zama barazanar halaka jama'a.
Jupiter tauraron dan adam
Kuna so ku san nawa ne Jupiter tauraron dan adam? To, akwai da yawa, don farawa, za mu iya gaya muku cewa wannan duniyar tana kewaye da fiye da watanni 60. An gano tauraron dan adam na farko na Jupiter a shekara ta 1610. Galileo Galilei ya iya gano tare da na'urar hangen nesa mafi girman watanni hudu na tsarin Jovian wadanda sune: Io, Europa, Ganymede da Callisto.
Daga baya kuma saboda aikewa da masu binciken sararin samaniya, mun sami damar ganin cikakken hoto na adadin watannin Jovian. A cikin tafiya na binciken Voyager a 1979, an gano Metis, Adrastea da Thebe. Amma kafin ci gaban sararin samaniya, malamai daban-daban na sama sun riga sun gano Amalthea (1892), Himalia (1904), Elara (1905), Pasifae (1908), Sinope (1914), Lysithea da Carmi (1938), Ananké (1951). , Leda (1974), Themisto (1975), Callírroe (1999).
A shekara ta 2000, an ƙara sabbin taurari goma a tsarin Jovian, wanda ya ɗaga adadin watannin Jupiter zuwa 28. A shekara ta 2001, sabbin watanni goma sha ɗaya sun shiga sahun taurarinsa. Sannan a shekarar 2003, an gano karin tauraron dan adam 23, har zuwa shekarar 2006 jerin sun kai adadin sanannun watannin Jovian 63, amma mafi yawansu yana da diamita na kilomita 9.
Lokacin da mai binciken sararin samaniya New Horizons ya sami damar kusanci da tashi sama duniya Jupiter A cikin 2007, mun sami damar lura da yanayinsa, muna iya gano tarin gizagizai da ke canzawa ta hanya mai yaduwa kuma yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da cewa ƙaton yana fama da guguwa da ke da manyan eddies waɗanda ke ɗaukar siffar oval.
Mun ce Jupiter wata katuwar duniya ce wadda ta yi wa duniya hidima a matsayin garkuwar harsashi, kuma hakan ya faru ne saboda duniyar wata jiki ce a sararin samaniya da ke kewaya tauraro, a yanayin tsarinmu na hasken rana, wato Rana. wanda yawansu ya mallaki nauyin da ya wajaba don jawo hankalin sauran halittun sama da kawar da su daga tafarkinsa. Shi ya sa Jupiter ya shagaltu da yawancin talakawan da suka yi barazana ga duniyarmu.
Jupiter da Ma'auninsa
An tabbatar da cewa diamita na Jupiter ya kusan sau 11,2 fiye da na Duniya kuma wannan duniyar tana yin jujjuyawar motsi na 9 h 55 min 27,3, wanda ya zama tsawon yini akan Jupiter. saboda girmansa,dole ne mutum ya kammala cewa yana tafiya da sauri sosai.
Bari mu kalli sauran ma'auni na Jupiter:
- Aphelion (kilomita 106): 816.62
- Perihelion (kilomita 106): 740.52
- Saukewa: 0.048775
- Zaman Synodic (kwanaki): 398.88
- Matsakaicin gudun orbital (km/s): 13.07
- Ƙaƙwalwa zuwa ga husuma: 1.30530°
- Axial kusurwa: 3.13°
- Matsakaicin diamita: 139 km
- Girman (km3): 1.43128×1015
- Mass (kg): 1.8986 x 1027, wanda shine sau 317,8 na Duniya.
- Nauyin nauyi (m/s2): 24.7964249
- Gudun Gudu (km/s): 59.5
- Diamita Equatorial (km): 142
- Diamita na Polar (km): 133 708
- Shafin: 0,52
- Yawan tauraron dan adam: 79 a halin yanzu
- Yanayin zafin jiki: -121°C (152K)
- Lokacin juyawa na gefe: 9 h 55 m 27.3 s
- Haɗin gwiwa: kusan hydrogen: 89% helium: 10%
tsarin jupiter
Ba a iya tabbatar da tabbas menene tsarin tsarin ba duniyar Jupiter, Amma an kammala cewa manyan taurarin sun samo asali ne daga tarin iskar hydrogen da helium da ke kewaye da wata cibiya da ta kunshi duwatsu da kankara.
Jupiter yana da girma kusan sau 318 fiye da na Duniya, ana hasashen cewa yana da ginshiƙin duwatsu, wanda shine ƙarar ƙarfe da silicates waɗanda ke da girman duniya kuma ana tunanin yana da kusan sau 10 na duniya. Ana iya samun tsakiyar dutsen da ke cike da ruwa hydrogen da helium a yanayin zafi kusan 16.000 ºK, tare da matsa lamba wanda zai iya zama yanayi miliyan 80.
Tabbas, an yi nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da shi bisa tsarin da aka ba da shawarar. An fahimci cewa tsakiyar dutsen nata yana da girman kusan kashi 7% na girmansa, wanda yake da kankanta wanda masana kimiyya ba sa ambaton wannan tsakiya lokacin da suke magana game da shi. duniya Jupiter.
Gaskiya ne cewa ana tunanin cewa kashi 93 cikin XNUMX na adadin Jupiter yana da iskar gas, amma ba za mu iya la'akari da cewa iskar da ke kan Jupiter suna da kamanni da yanayin mu ba, sai dai ana wakilta su fiye da kamanceceniya. Matsakaicin ruwa mai yawa. , wanda aka matse sosai saboda jajircewar duniya.
Ana hasashe cewa a tsakiyar Jupiter, atom na kwayoyin hydrogen da aka karafa sun karye ta wurin babban matsin lamba kuma sun rikide zuwa hydrogenized ionized. Yana kan hanyarsa zuwa samanta ne a hankali hydrogen ya zama wani nau'in ruwa mai iskar gas. Saboda wannan siffa, babu layukan canji tsakanin harsashin hydrogen na Jupiter.
Haɗin kai da Zazzabi
Idan za mu iya yanke daga samansa zuwa cikinsa, za mu ga cewa a hankali ana gangarowa zuwa cikin wani hazo mai daurewa wanda zai yi yawa kuma ya fi duhu har ya isa tafkin hydrogen a yanayin ruwa.
Wannan tafkin zai fi girma kuma yana da zafi mai zafi, yana ƙarewa da hydrogen na ƙarfe wanda yake da yawa da zafi (16000 K) har sai mun isa dutsen dutsen, tare da zafin jiki na kusan 25.000 K da matsi na kimanin miliyan 80 na yanayi.
Nazarce-nazarce da masu binciken sararin samaniya suka gudanar sun yi nasarar wargaza sigar yanayin Jupiter. An kammala cewa Jupiter ya ƙunshi 86% hydrogen (H) 14% helium (He), ƙaramin adadin methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3) da tururin ruwa (H2O).
Babban Tabo mai ja
Mun riga mun nuna cewa Jupiter, wanda ake kira da sunan allahn Romawa, shine mafi girma a duniya a tsarin hasken rana, yana da girman da ya zarce duniya kusan sau 317. Ana iya ganinsa a cikin sararin dare, musamman a lokutan shekara lokacin da Jupiter da Rana suna gaba da juna a sararin sama, wanda ake iya gani daga Duniya. A wannan wuri ne Jupiter ya fi kusa da Duniya.
Waɗancan mukamai masu gaba da juna tsakanin Rana da Jupiter suna faruwa a tsaka-tsakin watanni 13. A cikin wannan matsayi ne za a iya lura da lallashin Jupiter mai hankali. An ga wani katon jajayen tabo a samansa, zuwa yankinsa na kudu, yana kan latitude 35 °.
Yayin da duniya da duniyoyin da ke cikin kasa suka kasance jikkuna masu kauri da suka hada da silicates da iron, wadanda ke kewaye da iskar gas kadan, Jupiter da gaske ya kasance da hydrogen da dan helium kadan, ta hanyar kamanceceniya da tsarin rana.
Tafiya na Galileo Space Probe
Mai binciken Galileo wanda NASA ta gina don nazarin duniya Jupiter da tauraron dan adam, sun shiga cikin yanayinsa a cikin 1995. Sa'a guda, a kan iskar kilomita 320 a cikin sa'a guda, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da cewa hydrogen ya fi girma kuma yanayin zafi yana karuwa da sauri zuwa zurfin duniyar. An kuma nuna Jupiter yana da tsarin zobe, kamar yadda aka saba ga dukkan manyan taurari.
Tsarin zobe yana kunshe da wasu ƙananan duwatsu waɗanda suka taru a kusa da wani siffa mai zagaye da ke cikin motsi, babba kuma sirara. Hakazalika, Jupiter yana da babban guguwa a samansa, wanda aka sani da Great Red Spot. Babban masanin falaki Cassini ne ya gano shi, kimanin shekaru 300 da suka wuce.
Wannan guguwar tana da girman kilomita 12 x 000, wanda ya ninka girman duniya sau biyu. Tare da ɗimbin yawa, tsawonsa da wanzuwarsa sun kasance ba a bayyana ba.
Bincike ya nuna cewa guguwa ta tashi daga ƙarshe kuma ta ɓace a cikin lokaci, amma a cikin yanayin Jupiter, bayan shekaru 300 na kallo da nazari, an gano cewa Great Red Spot bai canza ba ko kadan. Tsarin tushensa ya kasance asirce ga kimiyya.
Fiye da shekaru 100, masana ilmin taurari sun yi iƙirarin cewa mafi girman tsarin da ake iya gani akan Jupiter shine Great Red Spot. Amma a halin yanzu, tare da hotunan da binciken sararin samaniya na Cassini zai iya ɗauka, an sami damar gano wanzuwar wani tsari mai girman irin wannan kuma an yi masa baftisma a matsayin Babban Tabo mai duhu.
Ballet na Galilean Satellites
A cikin tafiya na binciken Galileo, wanda aka gudanar tsakanin 1989 zuwa 1995, an lura da asteroids Gaspra da Ida sosai, gano cewa Ida yana da nasa wata, wanda ake kira Dactyl. A cikin 1995, binciken Galileo ya mayar da wani samfurin da ya iya nutsewa cikin yanayin Jupiter na awa 1.
An lalata ta bayan nutsewar kilomita 200, saboda tsananin matsi da yanayin Jupiter ya yi masa da zafinsa, wanda ya kai 460 ° C.
Amma wancan lokacin da hanyar tafiya sun isa su iya tantance abubuwan da ke tattare da yanayin Jupiter. Shekara guda da ta gabata, a cikin 1994, binciken Galileo ya sami kansa a cikin gatataccen matsayi don lura da yadda Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 ya yi tasiri a saman Jupiter.
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki game da duniya Jupiter shi ne cewa a cikin muhallinsa akwai ingantaccen tsarin hasken rana. Wani batu da masana kimiyya suka yi magana da yawa shi ne cewa zai iya faruwa cewa tsakiyan Jupiter ya kunna kuma ya zama daya daga cikin Taurari. Bugu da kari, tauraron dan adam sama da 60 suna kewayawa a muhallinsa a wani wuri kusa da tsakiyar layinsa, kamar yadda taurari ke kewaya rana a tsarin hasken rana namu.
Watanni huɗu na Galili na Jupiter
Tauraron tauraron dan adam guda hudu na Jupiter da Galileo Galilei ya gano: Io, Europa, Ganymede da Callisto suna yin ballet a tsakanin su, wanda za'a iya lura dashi tare da nau'ikan binoculars guda 10 × 50 mai sauƙi kuma idan muna da na'urar lura da diamita 60mm, za mu iya. don lura da bel ko zobba masu fadi da duhu, waɗanda suke cikin tsari iri ɗaya da ma'aunin ma'aunin wannan babbar duniyar.
Tafiya na binciken sararin samaniya na Cassini
Dangane da "Io", an tabbatar da cewa yana da mafi girma a cikin tsaunuka mafi girma a cikin tsarin hasken rana, yana da tsawon fiye da kilomita 3600, wanda ya sa ya dan girma fiye da watanmu, wanda ke da kilomita 3. .474,6 kilomita.
Gano daga "Io" ya kasancee mai yiwuwa godiya ga hotunan da mai binciken sararin samaniya Cassini ya ɗauka, tare da iskar gajimare na Jupiter a matsayin bango, yana iya yin su. gaskiya ne hasashe game da girman wannan tauraron dan adam.
An kammala cewa "Io" yana kewaye da Jupiter, a cikin babban gudun kuma yana kan tsayin kilomita 350.000 a saman gajimaren Jupiter, wanda yayi kama da nisa tsakanin Duniya da Wata. An kammala komai daga bayanan da binciken Cassini ya samu, wanda ya yi nasarar daukar hotuna daga nesa mai nisan kilomita miliyan 10 daga Jupiter.
Mai yin Shoemaker-Levy 9
A kan tashin hankalin sa, Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 ya wuce kusa da duniya Jupiter a shekarar 1992 kuma yanayin da duniyar ta ke ciki ya sa tauraruwar tauraruwa mai wutsiya ta karya zuwa guda 20, amma ta tsaya kan hanya. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, yayin da ya matso kusa da Jupiter kuma, gutsuttsuran tauraro mai wutsiya sun fado a saman Jupiter na tsawon kwanaki 7.
Ana iya ganin lamarin na tsawon makwanni a cikin dukkan tsawon tsayin daka da ke akwai kuma a kusan dukkanin wuraren da ake lura da taurari a duniya, lura da cewa an samar da gajimare na kayan a kan wurin da galibin tasirin ya faru.
Muna fatan kun ji daɗin abin da ke cikin wannan labarin kuma yana ƙarfafa ku don ci gaba da bincike da samun ilimi game da manyan asirai na tsarin hasken rana.
Hakanan kuna iya sha'awar sani Zobba nawa Jupiter yake da shi?