Tun lokacin da aka fara ɗaukar karnuka a matsayin dabbobin gida, ’yan Adam koyaushe suna ƙoƙarin inganta sadarwar su tare da waɗannan kyawawan canines da yawa, ba tare da ambaton cewa mafi kyawun halayen waɗannan dabbobi koyaushe ana neman su ba. Idan kuna son ƙarin koyo game da nau'ikan Kare mafi Smart a cikin duniya, kar ku yi tunanin barin ɗan lokaci ba tare da karanta wannan babban labarin ba.
Mafi Wayo Dogs
Tun a zamanin da, karnuka su ne manyan abokan mutum, musamman ma a lokacin da suke gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban na hannu ko kuma taimaka musu a sana’o’insu daban-daban, amma kamar yadda aka ambata a gabatarwar, dan Adam shekaru da dama ya fara daukar wadannan karnuka a matsayin dabbobi, kuma tun daga lokacin. sannan an nemi karnukan da suke da mafi girman hankali ko kuma mafi girman ikon bin umarni daban-daban da sauri.
Nazarin ilimin halin ɗan adam a cikin karnuka
Shekaru da yawa, an gudanar da bincike daban-daban na tunani da ɗan adam da gwaje-gwaje daban-daban don nemo nau'in kare mafi ƙwazo, ko kuma samun kyakkyawar fahimtar yadda tunanin karnuka ke aiki. Wataƙila ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane a wannan fanni shine Stanley Coren, masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kuma marubucin littattafai daban-daban akan ilimin halin ɗan adam kamar "Babban hankali na karnuka", "Shin karnuka suna mafarki?", a cikin sauran littattafan da yau da kullun ba su kasance ba tukuna. fassara zuwa harshen mu. Baya ga wannan, shi ma farfesa ne a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar British Columbia a Vancouver, mashahurin mashahuri kuma, ba shakka, mai horar da kare.
A cikin binciken wannan babban masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam, ya lura da cewa, akwai nau'o'in basirar karnuka daban-daban a cikin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban da ya yi don auna daidai IQ na karnuka. A gefe guda, za mu iya samun hankali na daidaitawa, wanda ke mai da hankali musamman kan koyo da kuma ikon canine don inganta wasu hanyoyin magance matsalolin daban-daban da kanta.
A gefe guda kuma, muna samun hankali na zahiri, wanda ya riga ya zama siffa ta musamman na kowane kare kuma yana da yawa da yawa tare da dukkan ayyuka da kwayoyin halittar da aka tsara zuwa gare su, babban misali na wannan shine nau'ikan da ke gangarowa na farauta. karnuka, sabili da haka, suna da babban ilhami lokacin farauta. Kuma yana da mahimmanci a faɗi cewa waɗannan nau'ikan hankali biyu ana iya auna su da IQ.
Duk da haka, Stanley Coren ya bayyana cewa, akwai kuma nau'in hankali na uku, wanda ake kira "factional Intelligence", wanda, kamar hankali na dabi'a, ya dogara kacokan akan kwayoyin halittar kowane kare na musamman, kodayake nau'in Kare yana tasiri sosai. Wannan hankali dai yana nuni ne ga iyawar canine na koyon ayyuka daban-daban, ayyuka, halaye ko umarni da take koya daga mutane, sannan kuma tana nufin biyayyar kare. Hankalin aiki, ba kamar na baya biyu da aka ambata ba, ba za a iya auna shi da IQ ba.
Yin la'akari da duk waɗannan nazarin da kuma ƙarshe, Stanley Coren ya kafa a cikin littafinsa "mafi kyawun nau'in karnuka masu hankali". A lokacin da wannan matsayi ya fito fili, ya shiga cikin wata babbar gardama, duk da haka, a tsawon lokaci, ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin al'umma a matsayin madaidaicin kusan dukkanin damar da kowane nau'i na canine zai iya mallaka. Duk da haka, a yau nau'in mestizo sun fi yawa fiye da na baya, saboda haka wannan matsayi na iya bambanta a halin yanzu.
Rukunin farko
A cikin wannan za mu iya samun yawancin karnuka masu aiki, waɗannan canines suna koyan sabon umarni gaba ɗaya a cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa biyar kuma sukan yi biyayya ga iyayengijinsu aƙalla 95% na lokaci. Wasu daga cikin nau'ikan da za mu iya samu sune kamar haka:
- doberman pinscher
- Karen shanun Ostiraliya
- Kan iyaka collie
- Bawan Jamus
- Baza
- Shetland Sheepdog
- Rottweiler
- Siyarwar zinare
- Labrador
- Papillon
rukuni na biyu
A cikin rukuni na biyu har yanzu ana iya samun karnuka masu aiki da yawa, waɗannan karnuka masu biyayya za su iya koyon sabon umarni tsakanin fallasa biyar zuwa goma sha biyar, ƙari ga haka, waɗannan karnukan suna zuwa ne don yin biyayya ga iyayengijinsu aƙalla 85% na duk umarnin da suke bayarwa. zuwa gare su Nau'in da ke cikin wannan rukuni sune kamar haka:
- welsh corgi
- pomeranian
- Vizslas
- Karen ruwa na Irish
- Dutsen Bernese
- Weimaraner
- Belgian makiyayi malinois
- Breton Spaniel
- nova Scotia mai karɓowa
- Spaniel mai ɗaukar hoto
- santsi mai rufi mai dawo da
- schnauzer
- turanci zakara spaniel
- mai nuna gajeriyar gashi na Jamus
- Makiyayin Belgium
- Keyshond
- Collie
- Turanci springer spaniel
- schipperke
- tervuren na Belgium
- Pembroke Welsh Corgi
- kananan schnauzer
Rukuni na uku
A cikin wannan rukunin kuma akwai wasu karnuka masu aiki waɗanda suka fi matsakaici, waɗannan karnuka aƙalla suna buƙatar tsakanin maimaita 15 zuwa 25 na umarni don koyan shi gabaɗaya, yawanci suna biyayya kusan kashi 70% na duk umarnin da aka ba su. A cikin wannan rukuni za mu iya samun wasu nau'o'in kamar:
- Dalmatian
- zakara spaniel
- Norwich Terrier
- pharaonic hound
- silky-terrier
- Turanci mai sakawa
- Pinsaramin zango
- RankaSunnada
- Kairn terrier
- maharbi moose dan kasar Norway
- Mai shirya Irish
- blue terrier
- Karen eskimo Ba'amurke
- Collie mai gemu
- Sabuwar Kasar
- dan kasar Scotland
- Jirgin saman Australiya
- Ba'amurke mai kula da jirgin sama
- filin spaniel
- Terrier mai iyaka
- Samoyed
- Brie Makiyayi
- manchester terrier
- welsh springer spaniel
- Bouvier des Flanders
- chasepeake mai dawowa
- airedale
- Babban schnauzer
- puli
- Karen ruwa na Portugal
- Yar wasan Yorkshire
rukuni na hudu
A cikin wannan rukunin zaku iya samun karnuka masu aiki tare da mafi kyawun IQ, waɗannan canines na iya koyon sabon dabaru, umarni ko wani tsari bayan maimaita shi aƙalla tsakanin 40 zuwa 80 sau; bi da bi, waɗannan karnuka sukan yi biyayya ga umarnin masu su kusan kashi 40% na lokaci. A cikin wannan rukuni za mu iya samun nau'in karnuka kamar:
- Akita
- welsh terrier
- Boston terrier
- Irish terrier
- Ibizan Hound
- shar pei
- rhodesian ridgeback
- waya mai gashi fox terrier
- Dan dambe Whippet
- alaskan malamutes
- Shiba inu
- Dachshund
- Staffordshire bijimin jirgin ruwa
- Babban dane
- dan kasar Scotland
- farin terrier
- West Highlands
- Havanese bichon
- Greyhound
- mai gashin gashi
- Parson
- russel terrier
- Tibet Harrier Spaniel
- karen otter na Amurka
- Turanci foxhound
- karen otter
- mai nuna gajeriyar gashi na Jamus
- Husky Siberia
- Bichon frize
- turanci abin wasan yara spaniel
- Karen ruwa na Amurka
- Cavalier Sarki Charles spaniel
- karen baƙar fata da fata don farautar raƙuman ruwa
- mai nuna gajeriyar gashi na Jamus
- Maita
- Fasto dan Australia
- Finnish spitz
- salaki
- taushi mai rufi alkama terrier
- Kuvasz
- Lyunƙarar mai gashi mai gashi
- Wolfhound na Irish
- bedlington-terrier
- terrier mai gashin waya
rukuni na biyar
A cikin wannan rukunin mun sami duk waɗannan karnuka masu aiki marasa ƙarfi, waɗannan karnuka suna buƙatar aƙalla maimaita ɗari don gaba ɗaya koyan sabon dabara, oda ko umarni. A al'ada, waɗannan karnuka sukan yi biyayya ga umarnin da aka ba su aƙalla kashi 30% na lokaci. A cikin rukuni na biyar da na ƙarshe za mu iya samun nau'ikan karnuka kamar:
- afganistan hound
- Chow yankakken
- banji
- Bulldog
- Shi Tzu
- borzoi
- Beagle
- Hound
- Pekingese
- Mastiff
- Hound
- Basset hound
- Chihuahua
- bijimin mastiff
- Labarin baya
- Scotland terrier
- Basset Griffon Vendéen
- San Bernardo
- Petit Basset Griffon
- sojan gona
- Tibet terrier
- Dutsen Pyrenean
- Jafananci spaniel
- tsohon makiyayi turanci
- lakeland-terrier
- Vendean
- maltese terrier
- kasar Sin crested
- Greyhound na Italiya
- dandie dinmont terrier
- Brussels Griffon
- terye mai sanyi
- Pug
- sely ham terrier
- Faransa bulldog
- norfolk terrier
Duk da wannan babban jerin nau'ikan karnuka, Stanley Coren ya kuma ambaci wasu keɓancewa a cikin bincikensa, tunda shi da kansa ya sami wani mai kiwon kare wanda ya lashe gasar biyayya da yawa tare da ma'aunin bijimin Staffordshire daban-daban. Hakazalika, akwai nau'o'in hankali daban-daban waɗanda ba a cikin wannan matsayi.
Har ila yau, Coren ya ambaci wani Nova Scotia Retriever da yake da shi, wannan kare yana da hankali sosai wanda ba a taba ba shi damar shiga gasa da yawa ba saboda wannan dalili. Coren ya ce "Dabbobin yana da hankali sosai kuma yana da haske sosai har ya koyi tsinkaya ko karanta kowane motsi na, na kai har ma da kallo, wanda zai iya fassara shi a matsayin umarni."
Har ila yau, Stanley Coren ya kai ga yin tsokaci ta hanyar imel, "Wannan irin wannan ikon ya sa ya zama da wahala a yi amfani da shi don yin gasa a wasanni daban-daban na biyayya, saboda kowane irin kallon da aka yi wa manufa za a fassara shi nan da nan ta hanyar Retriever a matsayin umarni, sannan a kashe shi. " tsalle tare da kyakkyawan kamala, duk da haka, an hana wannan.
Ya kamata a lura cewa mai bincike dan kasar Holland Frans de Waal a cikin aikinsa "Shin muna da hankali sosai don sanin ainihin yadda dabbobi suke da hankali?" Yana kare da karfi da Afganistan Hound, ya ƙarasa da cewa wadannan karnuka ba da gaske wawa, ko kuma kasa da hankali, amma cewa Afganistan Hounds ne mongrel karnuka, da taurin kai kuma suna da matukar son yin biyayya ga duk wani umurni da aka ba su. Frans de Waal ya kuma rubuta cewa: "Waɗannan karnuka suna iya zama kamar kuliyoyi, waɗanda ba sa jin cewa suna bin wani abu."
Idan kana son ƙarin koyo game da dukan dabbobi a duk faɗin duniya, kada ka yi jinkiri na ɗan lokaci don barin wannan shafin ba tare da fara karanta waɗannan labarai masu ban mamaki guda uku ba: