Ayyukan Juan Rulfo: Biography da wallafe-wallafen rayuwa

Koyi ta wannan labarin mai ban sha'awa da Ayyukan Juan Rulfo, rayuwarsa da kuma yadda ya sami damar sanya kansa a duniyar adabi na karni na XNUMX a matsayin daya daga cikin fitattun marubuta.

Ayyukan Juan Rulfo

Juan Rulfo fitaccen marubuci dan kasar Mexico ne wanda aikinsa na ba da labari ya kasance takaice (1918 zuwa 1986), duk da haka, ana daukar shi daya daga cikin mafi kamala da tsauri a cikin adabin zamani na karni na XNUMX.

Ayyukansa sun yi fice don samun taƙaitaccen harshe mai ban mamaki wanda ya dace da gaskiyar tarihi.

Ta wannan ma'ana, an tsara rubuce-rubucensa a cikin duniyar da suka dace, suna ba da bayanin kwatancin wurare masu ban mamaki, shimfidar wurare masu ban mamaki, haruffan da ba a saba da su ba, da sauran bangarori. Na gaba, za mu yi daki-daki Ayyukan Juan Rulfo.

A cikin wannan tsari na ra’ayi, a shekara ta 1953, fitaccen marubucinmu ya buga littafinsa El llano en llamas daga baya kuma Pedro Páramo. (1955) novel yayi la'akari da magnum opus. Ya rubuta labarai da dama da El gallo de oro ya yi fice a cikinsu, wanda aka rubuta tsakanin 1956 zuwa 1958.

Don haka littafansa da labaransa sun ba shi farin jini sosai, daga baya kuma za mu ba ku labarin abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwarsa ta adabi.

A gaba, za mu shiga cikin muhimman ayyukan wannan mashahurin marubuci.

Ayyukan Ƙonawa na Juan Rulfo

Wannan labari, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 1953, ya ƙunshi hikayoyi goma sha bakwai da ake ɗauka a matsayin ingantattun halittun wakilci na ba da labari na ƙarni na XNUMX.

An rubuta wannan aikin na musamman, an tsara shi a cikin tsarin tarihin juyin juya halin Mexico da yakin Cristero. Zamu iya cewa wannan labarin yana cikin labarin gaskiyar sihiri.

Don haka tare da wannan labarin mun sami ra'ayin yadda rayuwa ta kasance ga mutanen Mexico.

Don haka, yana gabatar da halaye na salon labarin Juan Rulfo, wanda yin amfani da harshe na harshe, na al'ada na 'yan ƙasa na wurin da abubuwan da suka faru, ya bambanta.

Asalin wannan aikin za a yi masa lakabi da labarun Los Tío Celerino, don girmama kawunsa Celerino. A lokuta da yawa, Rulfo zai yi nuni da cewa yawancin jigogi na ayyukansa sun sami wahayi ne daga labarun da kawun nasa ya gaya masa lokacin da yake tafiya a sassa daban-daban na Mexico.

Wannan babban aiki shine harhada labarai da dama. Dukkansu suna da ma'ana guda daya kuma shine yanke kauna ga duniya, hangen nesa na zalunci. Tsohon ya rayu a gaskiya yana cikin haruffa. Sakamakon haka, rayuwar Rulfo tana nunawa a cikin aikin, saboda lokutan da aka yi rayuwa a lokacin juyin juya halin Mexico.

Aikin El llano en llamas ya ƙunshi labarai masu zuwa:

• Macarius
• Ba su ba da ƙasar ba.
• Gangamin comadres.
• Shi ne mu talakawa ne.
• Mutumin.
• Da gari ya waye.
• Talpa.
• Filin Konawa.
• Ka ce kada su kashe ni!
• Luvine.
• Dare suka barshi shi kadai.
• Ka tuna.
• Wutar Arewa.
• Anacleto Morones.
• Ba za ku ji karnuka suna ihu ba.
• Gadon Matilde Shugaban Mala'iku.
• Ranar rushewa.

Takaitaccen Bayani na Filin Ƙonawa

A gaba za mu yi taƙaitaccen bayanin wasu labaran da suka haɗa wannan kyakkyawan aiki:

Labarin "Ya ba mu ƙasa" alama ce ta la'antar siyasa da zamantakewa. Labarin yana da madauwari, wanda a cikinsa rayuwar ɗan adam koyaushe take. Mazaunan sun nutse cikin jahilci da zullumi, suna rayuwa cikin kisa da zalunci.

Dangane da "Ranar zamewar kasa," jigon ya nuna halin ko in kula da mahukuntan kasar Mexico ke nunawa ga talauci da jin dadin talakawan da ke sassan birnin, wadanda ke zaune a ware ba tare da kulawar gwamnati ba.

Wani labari kuma shine "Paso del norte", zamu iya ganin abubuwan da ɗan ƙasa ya samu don neman kyakkyawan makoma. Wannan gwagwarmayar kullum don inganta yanayin rayuwarsu wanda a karshe ya kasa cimmawa.

Ta wannan hanyar za mu ga cewa jigogin duka labaran suna cikin tashin hankali, tsatsauran ra'ayi, ƙasƙantar ɗan adam, mutuwa, jima'i, laifi, duk an taƙaita su cikin kaɗaici da ɗan adam ke rayuwa da tawaye na rayuwa a cikin kufai.

Pedro Páramo Ayyuka na Juan Rulfo

Shi ne kawai labari da wannan marubucin mai ban mamaki ya rubuta na dogon lokaci. Yana da wani aiki na yanayi a game da rubutu, tun da farko ra'ayin ya taso a lokacin da Rulfo yana da shekaru talatin, kuma ya zayyana ra'ayin a cikin wasu wasiƙun da aka rubuta wa budurwarsa Clara Aparicio.

A cikin wasikunsa ya yi nuni ga wani labari mai suna A Star by the Moon. Wannan halitta za ta zama hanyar yin amfani da Pedro Páramo, ban da tasirin El llano en llama.

A kusa da ƙarshen littafin, ya canza take kuma ya ba shi sunan The Murmurs, a ƙarƙashin tasirin da adabin Turawa suka yi akan marubucin, musamman ayyukan marubuta irin su William Faulkner da Halldór Laxness.

A lokacin da aka gama novel ɗin, Rulfo ba shi da kuɗi. An yi sa'a, ya sami tallafin karatu daga Cibiyar Marubuta ta Mexico wanda ya ba shi damar kammala shi tsakanin 1953 zuwa 1954. A 1955 ya bayyana a matsayin littafi.

An buga kwafi dubu biyu na wannan labari mai ban mamaki. Dubu ne kawai aka sayar, sauran kuma aka ba su. Duk da wannan yanayin an fassara littafin a cikin Jamusanci, Yaren mutanen Sweden, Ingilishi, Faransanci, Italiyanci, Yaren mutanen Poland, Yaren mutanen Norway da Finnish.

Duk da cewa an yi la'akari da babban aikinsa, akwai masu karatu waɗanda ba su damu ba saboda canjin tsarin da aka saba da shi wanda littafin ya gabatar, duk da haka, nazarin kwanan nan ya nuna girman wannan aikin, a Mexico da sauran duniya. duniya.

A cikin wannan tsari na ra'ayoyin, shahararrun marubuta irin su Jorge Luis Borges sun yi magana game da littafin, suna cewa:

"Pedro Páramo ɗaya ne daga cikin mafi kyawun litattafai a cikin adabin Hispanic, har ma a cikin wallafe-wallafen duka.^"

Sauran marubuta, ciki har da waɗanda suka lashe kyautar Nobel na wallafe-wallafen Gabriel García Márquez (1982) da Octavio Paz (1990) sun ƙididdige shi a matsayin ɗayan mafi kyawun litattafai da aka ruwaito a cikin adabin duniya. Muna gayyatar ku don karantawa a cikin wannan hanyar haɗin yanar gizon mafi kyawun littattafan Octavio Paz Jerin mafi kyawun littattafai 20 na Octavio Paz

Zakara na zinare

Wannan aikin shine littafi na biyu da Juan Rulfo ya rubuta. An fassara shi zuwa yaruka da yawa kamar Faransanci, Italiyanci, Jamusanci da Fotigal. An buga shi a cikin 1980 kuma an sake buga shi a cikin 2010.

Wani labari ne da ya ba da labarin wani mutum mai sha’awar kazar mai suna Dionisio Pinzón, da mawaƙi mai suna Bernarda Cutiño, wanda aka fi sani da La Caponera.

Bayan ya sha wahalhalu da yawa, yana rayuwa cikin talauci har ma ya watsar da mahaifiyarsa marar lafiya don kula da zakara da aka ba shi, sai ya yi nasara a fadan da zakara ya yi nasara.

Ya hadu da Bernarda, ita wata irin layya ce tunda ko zakara ta mutu a fada, ta fara samun nasara a wasu wasannin dama. Sun yi aure sun haifi diya mace. Duk da haka, rayuwar da Dionisio ke jagoranta da kuma salon zaman rayuwa yana kawo wa Bernarda baƙin ciki mai yawa kuma ya kai ta ga shaye-shaye, yana haifar da mutuwarta.

Tare da wannan taron Dionisio ya rasa sa'arsa kuma ta haka dukiyarsa, ta kai shi ga kashe kansa. 'Yar su ta zama kamar mahaifiyarta, tana rera waƙa a wuraren bikin da aka sani da palenques.

Tarihin Juan Rulfo

An haifi Juan Rulfo, ɗan Juan Nepomuceno Pérez Rulfo da María Vizcaíno Arias, a ranar 16 ga Mayu, 1917 a yankin Jalisco, Mexico. Cikakken sunansa Juan Nepomuceno Carlos Pérez Rulfo Vizcaíno

An kashe mahaifinsa a shekara ta 1923, a lokacin Yaƙin Cristero, lokacin da Juan bai kai shekara 6 ba.

Sa’ad da yake ɗan shekara 10, mahaifiyarsa ta rasu, ta bar shi ƙarƙashin kulawar kakarsa.

kuruciya da kuruciya

A garin San Gabriel, wani bangare da ya zauna tare da iyayensa, ya fara karatun firamare.

Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa, kakarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Guadalajara, kuma, ba ta da kayan da za ta tallafa masa, ta shigar da shi a cikin gidan marayu na Luis Silva. Nan ya karanci karatun boko, duk da bai ji dadi a wajen ba.

A shekara ta 1933, ya yi ƙoƙari ya shiga Jami'ar Guadalajara, amma bai iya ba saboda yajin aikin da ake yi a birnin a lokacin.

Ya koma birnin Mexico inda ya halarci Colegio de San Ildefonso a matsayin mai sauraro.

Hanyar aiki

A Mexico City, ya fara aiki a Sakatariyar Gwamnatin Mexico.

Wannan matsayi yana ba shi damar yawo a cikin ƙasar, sanin al'adu da kusantar jama'a ya sa ya rubuta wasu labarai.

A shekara ta 1934 ya fara rubuta ayyukansa na adabi da kuma hada kai a cikin mujallar Amurka.

Dangane da rayuwarsa ta sirri da ta tunaninsa, ya auri Clara Aparicio. An haifi 'ya'ya hudu daga wannan dangantaka (Claudia Berenice, Juan Francisco, Juan Pablo da Juan Carlos).

Faces na Juan Rulfo Ayyuka

Juan Rulfo, shi ma ya yi fice a wasu yankuna, muna ba ku labarin sauran fuskokin da ke ƙasa:

Tarihin tarihi

A wannan ma'anar, Juan Rulfo ya rubuta littafi game da mamayewa da mulkin mallaka na Nueva Galicia, wani yanki na yanki wanda muka sani a yau kamar Jalisco.

Ra'ayoyin Rulfo suna magana ne game da mahimmancin sanin abubuwan da suka gabata domin ta wannan hanyar ne ake samun ganewa da kasancewa tare da wurin da muka fito, wato sanin asalinmu a matsayinmu na 'yan wani wuri, ta wannan hanyar ƙauna da sha'awar zuwa gare mu. wurin da aka haifa.

Mai daukar hoto

Tsakanin 1946 da 1952 ya shiga harkar daukar hoto, ya yi aiki a kamfanin Goodrich-Euzkadi, sannan ya koma yankin talla, tare da hadin gwiwa wajen bunkasa basin Papaloapan da yin bugu na Instituto Nacional Indigenista.

Juan Rulfo, ya buga wasu littattafai tare da hotunansa, hotuna da marubucin ya yi, inda za ku iya ganin shimfidar wurare, gine-gine, garuruwa, abokai marubuta da iyali.

Sa'an nan kuma muna gayyatar ku don kallon hoton bidiyo mai zuwa tare da hotunan Juan Rulfo

marubucin fim

Bisa bukatar da darektan fina-finan, Emilio Fernández, ya yi, ya yi wasu rubutun na fina-finai. Ya sami goyon bayan ɗan littafin ɗan ƙasar Mexico Juan José Arreola.

Domin 1964, Carlos Fuentes da Gabriel García Márquez sun daidaita wasan, El gallo de oro karkashin jagorancin Roberto Gavaldón.

Kyauta da girmamawa

Juan Rulfo ya sami lambobin yabo da yawa saboda ayyukansa, daga cikinsu zamu ambaci:

Kyautar Xavier Villaurrutia a cikin 1955 don littafinsa Pedro Páramo

Kyautar Adabi ta Ƙasa a 1970

Memba na Kwalejin Harshen Mexico 1980

Rulfo ya sami kyautar Yariman Asturias daga Spain a cikin 1983.

A cikin 1985, Jami'ar National Autonomous University of Mexico ta nada shi Doctor Honoris Causa.

Mutuwa

Ranar 7 ga Janairu, 1896, wannan fitaccen marubuci ya mutu, wanda ya kamu da cutar kansar huhu, ya bar babban rashi a cikin haruffa na duniya.