Mawaƙi na asali, tare da ƙauna wanda ba zai yiwu ba kuma ya nuna rayuwarsa. Sadaukarwa ga aikin adabi tare da kwazo da kauna. Abin farin ciki ne sanin ayyukan César Vallejo. Mutum mai saukin kai wanda har an daure shi bisa zalunci. Idan kuna son koyo game da wannan marubucin ku ci gaba da karantawa.
Tarihin rayuwa da ayyukan César Vallejo
Cikakken sunan wannan marubucin shine César Abraham Vallejo Mendoza, wanda aka haifa a shekara ta 1892. Ya rasu a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1938. Wani lamari da ya faru a birnin Paris na Faransa.
Daga cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrunsa akwai na zama marubuci kuma mawaƙin asalin Peruvian. A cikin aikinsa a fagen adabi akwai nau'o'in nau'ikan da ya sadaukar da kansu, yana cikin su:
- Matsala
- Labarin
- Wakar
- Labarin
Har ila yau, aikinsa ya ci gaba ta hanyar matakai guda uku wadanda suka hada da:
- Mai zamani
- Avant-garde
- mai neman sauyi
Ayyukan César Vallejo: Poetics
Ayyukan wakoki na César Vallejo suna da alamar fayyace mai girma da kuma harshe mai kulawa sosai, wanda kuma aka tsara shi. Dangane da wasu fitattun mukamansa, muna samun ayyuka kamar:
- Masu shelar baki
- trilce
- tungsten
- dutsen gajiye
- Paco Yunque
Tarihin Rayuwa
Ranar haihuwar César Vallejo ita ce Maris 16, 1892. Dangane da iyayensa, su ne Francisco de Paula Vallejo Benítez kuma mahaifiyarsa mai suna María de los Santos Mendoza. Shi ne auta a cikin 'yan'uwa goma sha ɗaya.
Duk da haka, ya kammala karatunsa na firamare a Cibiyar Makaranta ta 271, dake Santiago de Chuco. Daga baya an gudanar da karatunsa na sakandare a garin Huamachuco a Colegio Nacional San Nicolás. An haɓaka su tsakanin shekarun 1905 zuwa 1909.
Lokacin da ya kai shekaru goma sha takwas, ya fara karatunsa a cikin haruffa, wanda ya aiwatar a Jami'ar Kasa ta Trujillo. A cikin kankanin lokaci, saboda dalilai na tattalin arziki, dole ne ya yi watsi da karatunsa. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da karatunsa na haruffa, yana gudanar da kammalawa da kammala karatunsa a ranar 22 ga Satumba, 1915.
Ya fara tallata ayyukan César Vallejo
Hakazalika, yana samun damar tallata wasu rubuce-rubuce. Wadannan farkon yada ayyukan César Vallejo, sun faru a cikin kafofin watsa labaru na gida, daga cikinsu an saki wasu ayoyinsa da suka yi magana game da lokacin soyayya.
A cikin shekara ta 1917, ya ƙaunaci Zoila Rosa Cuadra cikin hauka. Wata budurwa ce da ba ta kai shekara 15 ba, wacce ta girme ta da shekara goma. wannan bambancin shekaru zai nuna makomar dangantakar.
Koyaya, tsawon wannan dangantakar ya kasance gajere. Don haka César Vallejo ya shiga cikin baƙin ciki kuma ya kusan kashe rayuwarsa. Ya sami haske a cikin abokansa a cikin duhu sosai, tunda sun sami nasarar shawo kan shi ya tafi babban birnin Peru. Wannan tafiya za ta kasance da manufar yin karatun digiri na uku.
Don haka ya tafi birnin, ya isa babban birnin kasar Lima a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1917. Da ya isa, nan take ya fara kulla alaka da wasu muhimman mutane a fagen ilimi, kamar:
- Manuel Gonzalez Prada
- Ibrahim Valdelomar
Hakazalika a cikin ayyukan César Vallejo, ya ci gaba da buga wakokinsa da yawa, waɗanda suke yi a wata mujalla mai suna Suramérica. Sannan a shekara mai zuwa ya fara koyar da darasi a makaranta.
A wannan lokacin yana da soyayya tare da wani matashi mai suna Otilia Villanueva. Bayan gano wannan dangantakar soyayya, ya rasa aikinsa a cikin cibiyar ilimi. Daga baya ya fara motsa jiki a matsayin farfesa a cikin nahawu a cikin Colegio Nacional Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe.
Aikin farko na César Vallejo
A cikin shekara ta 1919, marubuci Cesar Vallejo ya buga aikinsa na farko, wani kundin wakoki mai suna "The Black Heralds", wanda ke da darajan ƙwararrun waƙar. Wannan littafi kuma ya nuna fasalin zamani. Hakazalika, an kuma tattauna jigogin da suka zama mai maimaitawa a César Vallejo, irin su wahalar da ɗan adam yake sha.
Wannan shi ne yadda wannan littafin, da sauran littattafan da César Vallejo ya yi, ya ba shi zarafin yin amfani da littattafan Latin Amurka. Wannan ya ba shi damar yin tafiye-tafiye daban-daban, da dai sauransu, zuwa ƙasarsa. Hakanan, muna gayyatar ku don karantawa a cikin hanyar haɗin yanar gizon rayuwa Benjamin Prado.
Duk da haka, da yake a Santiago de Chuco, an zarge shi da rashin adalci da hannu a gobarar da ta faru a gidan wani dangi da ke fatake a wannan birni.
Wannan abin takaici ya sa aka tsare marubucin na tsawon watanni huɗu a kurkukun garin Trujillo. Duk da wannan rashin adalci da hukumomin yankin suka yi, ya ci gaba da rubuta wasu ayyuka na César Vallejo. Har ma ya samu damar karrama shi a gasar adabi
Duk da cewa an rufe karar da ake zarginsa da shi, an sake shi, amma bisa wasu sharudda. Bayan wannan mummunan yanayi ya koma birnin Lima. A nan ne ya buga ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ayyukan César Vallejo, mai suna "Trilce", wannan ya faru a shekara ta 1922.
Wakar sabbin wakoki
Tarin waqoqi ne da ya ba shi damar sabunta waqoqin da aka sani har zuwa lokacin. Daga baya, game da ayyukan César Vallejo, a shekara ta gaba ya buga jerin labaran da ya kira "Escalas melografiadas".
Bayan shekara ta 1923 César Vallejo ya ƙaura zuwa birnin Paris, yana neman sababbin ƙwarewa. A wannan birni ya gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban na kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban a Latin Amurka. Ya kuma sami abokiyar rayuwarsa Georgette Philippart. Daga cikin ayyukansa na César Vallejo a cikin shekarunsa na ƙarshe, "El tungsteno" ya fito fili.
Rashin lafiyar marubucin ya fara wahala a cikin 1938, kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti. Koyaya, ba za a iya amfani da shi ba kuma a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1938, César Vallejo ya daina wanzuwa. A lokacin yana da shekaru arba'in da shida. Maleriya ce ta jawo mutuwarsa.
Yanzu ina gayyatar ku ku ziyarci labaran: