Jaruman yara Wani lamari ne a cikin mahallin tarihin ƙasar Mexico, wanda ya faru a Yaƙin Chapultepec a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1847, tare da halartar matasa matasa na Mexico shida. Ku san su waye jaruman yara, labarin karantawa.
Jaruman yara: tarihi
Farawa tarihin yaran jarumai tare da gungun 'yan wasan Mexico, wanda ke ba da labarin cewa sun mutu suna kare darajar ƙasarsu a lokacin yakin Chapultepec, lamarin da ya faru a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1847 a cikin Chapultepec ko Chapultepec dajin, wani wurin shakatawa na birane da ke cikin gidan Miguel Hidalgo. , a birnin Mexico lokacin yakin Mexico da Amurka. Muna ba ku shawarar ku san tarihin halin Mexican Pancho Villa
A cikin shekara ta 1852, ya ba da labarin tarihin kasa, a lokacin Porfiriato, wani lokaci na tarihin da ya ba da labari game da Mexico a cikin shekara ta 1947, ya gyara abubuwan da suka faru a matakai da yawa tare da niyyar kishin kasa don sanya su fice, saboda yawancin abin da ya kasance. an fada an yi ta cikin sigar tatsuniyar tatsuniyoyi. Don haka, tun daga kashi na biyu na karni na 6, an ba da lakabin Ninos Heroes ga 'yan wasan XNUMX na Sojojin Mexico.
Babban jigo na taron jarumtaka, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, ya ƙunshi aikin waɗannan 'yan wasa shida, da kuma halartar wasu 'yan wasan 40, waɗanda suka karɓi umarni daga Nicolás Bravo, don barin Castle na Chapultepec, wanda a lokacin. lokacin taron shine hedkwatar Kwalejin Soja da kewaye.
Amma, yaran sun yi biris da hakan, kuma suka yanke shawarar tsayawa su gadin wurin ta hanyar lura da irin ci gaban da aka samu da kuma kusancin sojojin Amurka.
Akwai tatsuniyoyi da dama da suka dabaibaye wannan waki’a da aka zo da su a cikin tunanin al’umma, tare da kiyaye su a matsayin al’amura na gaskiya, duk da cewa ba su da tushe na tarihi. Duk da haka, an ba da labari game da halartar 'yan wasan 6 a cikin taron masu dauke da makamai, wanda a fili yana jin daɗin cikakken sahihanci, shari'ar 'yan wasan Melgar, Montes de Oca da Suárez.
Haka nan kuma, a cikin wannan tarihin jarumtaka, kuma da shuxewar zamani da shuxewar shekaru, an qara qara wa masu qarfin hali na qwaqwalwa, kamar yadda ake iya gani a cikin labarin, cewa waxannan ’yan makaranta su ne waxanda suka mutu a qarshe a lokacin yakin, da kuma qarqashinsu. Gaskiyar rashin harsashi, sun kashe sojojin Amurka da ke gaba da su tare da kafaffen bayonets, kuma watakila shi ne mafi al'ada a Mexico.
Bayan Montes de Oca, da Juan Escutia, ganin kansu sun ɓace, sai ya jefa kansa a cikin zurfin da aka nannade a cikin tutar Mexico, don kare shi daga Amurkawa da suka dauka, yana mutuwa a kan duwatsu a kan bankunan Chapultepec tudun.
Sojojin Mexico sun yanke shawara a cikin 1947 don aiwatar da jerin bincike waɗanda ba su da goyan bayan takaddun hukuma da masana kimiyya. Sun ce sun gano kuma sun gano adadin kokon kan mutane bakwai, a wurin da ake kira Ahuehuetes de Miramón, inda suka ba da tabbacin cewa suna cikin ƴan makarantar, waɗanda aka ɗauke su aka ajiye su don ba da harajin hukuma a Bagadi na ƙasar Uba. Yana nufin wani abin tunawa a kan bankunan Castle, kusa da Kanar Felipe Santiago Xicoténcatl.
Duk da haka, babu wata hujja ta kimiyya da za ta goyi bayan cewa waɗannan su ne ragowar 'yan makarantar shida.
Kwararre kuma kwararre a fannin ilimi daga Michoacán mai suna José Bravo Ugarte, ya nuna a cikin sakin layi da ke magana kan Yaki da Mexico ta Amurka, a cikin littafinsa na History of Mexico, cewa bayan watanni 16 na ayyana yaki da Mexico, kasancewar a ranar Mayu. 13, 1846, sojojin Amurka sun ci gaba zuwa babban birnin Mexico.
Haka kuma, ya kara da cewa, bayan binciken da hukumomin kudancin Mexico suka yi, Janar Winfield Scott ya kafa, a matsayinsa na babban kwamandan sojojin da suka mamaye, don kai harin da Chapultepec ya kai birnin Mexico, a ranar 11 ga Satumba na shekara ta 1847 tare da tashin bam mai nauyi.
An ajiye mafakar garin Chapultepec a karkashin kulawar 'yan wasa dari biyu daga Kwalejin Soja, wadanda suka karbi umarni daga Janar Nicolás Bravo da Mariano Escobedo; Hakazalika, sojoji 632 daga Battalion San Blas ne suka halarci, karkashin umarnin Kanar Santiago Xicoténcatl.
Kungiyar SEGOB, kamar yadda aka gano sakataren harkokin cikin gida na Jamhuriyar Mexico, ta tuna cewa domin karfafa wannan karamin sansanin, Janar Antonio López de Santa Anna ya aika da wasu mutane dubu biyu da dari hudu da hamsin zuwa gindin tudun, amma Kasancewar maharan ya zarce adadin sojoji dubu bakwai.
Hakazalika, sun yi nuni da cewa, bayan da sojojin na Amurka suka fatattaki bataliyar, suka koma kan tudu, suka shiga cikin katafaren gini, inda akasarin 'yan makarantar Mexico da ke tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 18 suka yi yaki ba tare da jin kai ba, har aka kashe su.
Bayani
Sakamakon neman shiga Tarayyar Amurka ta Jihar Texas, da kuma buƙatun mazauna Anglo-Saxon da ƙaura ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, saboda rabuwa da Jamhuriyar Mexico ta Tsakiya a cikin shekara ta 1837, kuma tare da uzurin. da ake buƙatar rarraba jihar Coahuila, kuma ta kafa kanta a matsayin tarayya mai tarayya.
Kazalika da sake kafa Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Tarayyar Mexico na shekara ta 1824, da kuma cewa a wancan lokacin an bayyana shi a matsayin Jamhuriyar Texas, to, gwamnatin Mexico ta karya dangantakar diflomasiyya da Amurka, da zarar ta shiga Amurka. Tarayyar
Daga nan ne gwamnatin Amurka ta aike da dakarun soji don taimakawa yankin Rio Bravo, domin tabbatar da mallakar yankin da ake takaddama a kai tsakanin jihar Texas da gwamnatin Mexico mai ci. Hukumomi sun amince da kogin Nueces, wanda ke arewa, a matsayin iyaka.
Sojojin Amurka sun kafa sansanoni masu yawan gaske a ko'ina cikin yankin, wanda ya haifar da cin karo da dama da sintiri na soji daga Sojojin Arewacin Sojojin Mekziko.
Wannan ita ce hanyar da gwamnatin Amurka ta sake gabatar da bukatunta ga gwamnatin Mexico da nufin amincewa da sayar da filayen da ke arewacin Mexico. Amma, da zarar babu yarjejeniya, amma ya ƙi a nasa bangaren, yana ba da dama ga shirye-shiryen gwamnati da masu zaman kansu don ɗaukar San Francisco a cikin shekara ta 1845.
Don wannan an ƙara haramtacciyar ƙaura na yawancin mutane masu himma na Cocin Mormon zuwa tafkin Salt, wanda ya dace da yankunan Mexiko na New Mexico a 1846, wanda daga baya zai zama yankin Utah.
Ya bayyana yakin da gwamnatin Amurka, a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 9, da kuma bayan Siege na Texas sansanin soja, located arewacin Río Bravo, kuma tare da sa hannu na Mexico, a kan May 1846, A 23, da yawa mamayewa na Sojojin Amurka na yau da kullun sun fara ne a yankunan arewaci, suna goyon bayan boren bakin haure ba bisa ka'ida ba na asalin Anglo-Saxon, wadanda suka yi aiki a garuruwan Mexico daban-daban a California da New Mexico.
Ya jajirce wajen ayyana filayen jamhuriyoyin ‘yan cin gashin kansu saboda karawarsu da Amurka nan ba da dadewa ba.
Saboda ƙananan adadin kuma babu shiri daga ɓangaren sojojin Mexico, waɗannan hare-haren sun yi nasara, duk da haka, don tabbatar da mallakar ƙasar, dole ne su fara da mamaye garuruwan Monterrey, da Mexico City don hana dakarun da ba su dace ba. daga isa arewa.
A lokacin ne sojojin Amurka, suka kwace wannan lokacin, kuma karkashin jagorancin Winfield Scott, suka dauki tashar jiragen ruwa na Veracruz, suka ci gaba da hanyar da suke kira Ruta de Cortés.
Sakamakon martanin da sojojin kasar suka bayar, sun karfafa Dutsen Baho, duk saboda a lokacin kofar shiga daga gabashin birnin ne tsakanin tabkunan Texcoco da Xochimilco. Duk da haka, sojojin Amurka sun ɗauki hanya mafi tsawo, kewaye da Saliyo de Santa Catarina zuwa kudu, yankin da yakin Churubusco da yakin Padierna zai faru.
Yaƙin Chapultepec
A waɗannan lokatai, an ƙarfafa birnin Mexico da magudanan ruwa da ƙofofi da yawa da suke aiki a matsayin al’ada a birnin. Mafi kyawun mashigar shiga ita ce ta Chapultepec saboda ƙasashen da za a yi kakar bana sun bushe, akasin arewa, gabas da kudu inda har yanzu akwai tafkuna da wasu wurare masu santsi.
Saboda wannan lamari na halitta, gwamnati ta dauki matakin karfafa tsaunin Chapultepec, wanda a lokacin za a iya amfani da shi wajen adana foda, baya ga Kwalejin Sojoji, yayin da aka kori masana'antar foda da ke Santa Fe don hana farawa. Duk da haka, daga baya sojojin Amurka sun lalata ta.
Ganin cewa kayayyakin da Kwalejin ke aiki a matsayin hedkwatarsu, a lokacin Kanar Nicolás Bravo ya umarci ’yan makarantar da su bar wurin, wadanda suka hada da kungiyoyi daban-daban na matasa masu shekaru tsakanin 12 zuwa 19.
Da yawa daga cikin wadanda ke wurin sun bi umarnin, wasu kuma danginsu sun cire su, inda aka bar dalibai 46 kawai da nufin kare harabar daliban. Yana da kyau a bayyana cewa, wannan gungun ‘yan wasan sun hada da wasu ’yan makaranta da suka kammala karatunsu, wadanda ba su samu albashi daga rundunar sojan kasa ba; Haka kuma wasu jami’an gwamnati 19 da suka hada da daraktan makarantar da malamai da malamai da ma mai kula da harabar sojoji.
A cikin watan Satumba na shekara ta 1847, ƙungiyoyin da yawa na Sojojin Arewa waɗanda suka yi watsi da yankin, suna bin umarnin da Antonio López de Santa Anna suka samu, sun fake a kusa da gandun daji da tudun Chapultepec.
Sa'an nan kuma, sojojin Amurka sun yi amfani da damar da suka samu wajen daukar tsohon fadar Archbishop da ke Tacubaya a matsayin sansanin soji don gudanar da ayyuka, inda suka aiwatar da tsarin soja a kan 'yan kungiyar ta San Patricio Battalion.
Sun isa ranar 11 ga Satumba, sun ci gaba, suka dauki abokin kara, inda rana ta buya a cikin dajin, a karo na 12 sun yanke shawarar jefa bama-bamai a Castle of Chapultepec da sauran wurare, amma a ranar 13 ga Satumba, sojojin Amurka sun kai hari ta hanyar mamaye ginin. daga kudu zuwa inda rana ke buya a kan tsaunin, wanda suka yi wayo da rana, suka ci gaba zuwa Garita de Belén.
A wannan wuri an kama su da sojojin Mexico, waɗanda aka tattara a La Ciudadela, don shiga da kuma kare birnin, duk da haka, da dare sun karbi umarni daga Santa Anna don barin yankin, wanda ba ya shiga gasar.
Amma, a ƙarshe, sojojin Amurka sun karɓe iko da ginin Chapultepec, tare da kakkaɓe tutar ƙasar Mexico mallakar makarantar.
A ranar 15 ga Satumba, lokacin da aka kwashe dukan birnin Mexico cikin lumana, sojojin sojojin Amurka sun sadaukar da kansu don tattara duk wadanda suka jikkata a wurin yakin. Suna tara gawarwakin duka, kuma sun yarda cewa fararen hula na Mexico da fursunonin yaƙi sun yi amfani da ramuka a matsayin kaburbura, tun da yawancin mayaƙan sun rabu da ƙasashensu na asali.
Yayin da Amurka ke binne mamacin a wani yanki da ke kan kusuwar Sakon Cikin Gida da Calzada de Tacuba, wanda gwamnatin Amurka ta ayyana a matsayin wurin tunawa, kuma a halin yanzu yana cikin ofishin jakadancin Amurka.
Sunan jami'ai da fursunoni da suka jikkata
Jerin da ya ƙunshi sunayen jaruman yaran Yana cikin babban abin tunawa da ke ƙarƙashin tudun Chapultepec. Kuna iya ganin sunaye daban-daban da suka fara da:
Fursunonin Kamfanin na 1st
A wannan bangare, yana da sunaye masu zuwa da matsayi na soja: Kyaftin Domingo Alvarado; Lieutenants: José Espinosa, Agustín de la Peza; Kofur José T. de Cuellar; Drum Simón Alvarez; Cadets: Francisco Molina, Mariano Covarrubias, Bartolomé Díaz León, Ignacio Molina, Antonio Sierra, Justino García, Lorenzo Pérez Castro, Agustín Camarena, Ignacio Ortiz, Manuel Ramírez Arellano, Carlos Bejarano, Isidro Hernández, Esteban Zamora, Lagos, Santiago Hernández da Ramón Rodríguez Arangoiti.
Fursunonin Kamfanin na 2st
A cikin wannan shafi sun bayyana sunaye da matsayi na soja na: Laftanar Joaquín Argaez; Sajan na 2 Teofilo Noris; Cornet: Antonio Rodríguez; Dalibai: Joaquín Moreno, Pablo Banuet, Ignacio Valle, Francisco Leso, Antonio Sola, Sebastián Trejo, Luis Delgado, Ruperto Pérez de León, Cástulo García, Feliciano Contreras, Francisco Morelos, Miguel Miramón, Gabino Montesdedca, Lucianofor Unterra, Lucianofocerra Manuel Díaz, Francisco Morel, Vicente Herrera, Onofre Capelo, Magdaleno Yta da Emilio Laurent.
Fursunonin Ma'aikata
A cikin wannan jeri, sunaye da matsayi na: Janar. Kor. Daraktan Makarantar Mariano Monterde; Kyaftin Farfesa: Francisco Jiménez; Lieutenants: Manuel Alemán, Agustín Díaz, Luis Díaz, Fernando Poucel; Lieutenant na biyu: Ignacio de la Peza, Amado Camacho, Luis G. Banuet, Miguel Pouncel; da kuma Grocer Eusebio Llantadas
Rauni
An rubuta sunayen ɗaliban ɗaliban: Andrés Mellado, Hilario Péres de León da Agustín Romero, da Alejandro Algándar.
Jerin sunayen matattu
Wannan jeri ya ƙunshi sunaye masu zuwa: Agustín Melgar, Fernando Montes de Oca, Francisco Márquez, Juan Escutia da Vicente Suárez. Duk da cewa akwai matattu 5 da suka mutu, baya ga wasu da suka jikkata da fursunoni, 6 ne kawai aka gane, saboda Laftanar Juan de la Barrera a lokacin yakin bai dade da kammala karatunsa ba, kuma ba shi da wani aiki a Sojan kasa.
Samuwar tatsuniya
Jaruman yara na Chapultepec Sun ba da yawa don yin magana a kai. Sun ce labarin tatsuniya ce kawai, domin da yawa daga cikin mutanen Mexiko, suna tunanin cewa yana da wuya gungun matasa masu shekaru tsakanin 13 zuwa 18 su yi yaƙi da sojojin sojojin Amurka, dalilin da ya haifar da hakan. mai kyau kuri'a na tatsuniyoyi game da shi.
Masanin tarihin Sergio Miranda, ya fallasa cewa an yi wasan kwaikwayo na nau'ikan don gina tunanin kishin kasa a bangaren 'yan Mexico, ta yin amfani da jaruntakar yara a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnati da nufin karfafa ikon hukuma. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa an fayyace tatsuniyar ne bisa son zuciya da ra'ayin alkalumman, kasancewar gaskiya ne, cewa an ajiye su a cikin Castle na Chapultepec, maimakon watsi da shi, suna samun lakabin jaruman yara.
A halin da ake ciki, wannan tatsuniya tana ci gaba da girma a lokacin gwamnatin shugaba Miguel Alemán, wanda ya ƙarfafa labarin ta hanyar bayyana cewa, sun gano ƙoƙon kai guda shida a kan gangaren tudun Chapultepec, yana mai bayyana cewa na Jaruman Yara ne.
A ci gaba da jigon tatsuniyar Jaruman Yara, a cikin shekaru ashirin masu zuwa ba su fito fili ba game da jigon ƴan wasan da kuma ayyukansu. Duk da haka, don shekara ta 1847 a cikin yakin yaƙe-yaƙe ya bayyana darajar Melgar, Montes de Oca da Suárez. A cikin shekara ta 1848, a cikin littafin wallafe-wallafen Bayanan kula don yaƙi tsakanin Mexico da Amurka, wanda Ramón Alcaráz ya rubuta, ya nuna cewa “wasu ɗalibai” na Kwalejin Soja sun kare tutar Mexico.
Domin shekara ta 1852, wanda ya zama darektan Makarantar Soja ta Mariano Monterde, yana tunawa da karo na farko da 'yan wasan da suka mutu a yakin suna yara.
Domin shekara ta 1878, wani kyakkyawan rukuni na ƙwararrun 'yan wasan da suka tsira daga taron na wannan shekara ta 1857 sun haifar da sanannun Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Sojoji, wadda aka kafa a cikin shekara ta 1871, wanda ya fara a gaban gwamnatin Janar Porfirio Díaz da Manuel González. , bikin tunawa da wadanda suka mutu, wadanda suka jikkata da fursunonin yakin Chapultepec.
An cim ma wannan koke a cikin shekaru 1880 da 1881, da kuma gina wani abin tarihi a cikin siffar dutse a shekara ta 1884, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin mai zane Ramón Rodríguez Arangoity, wanda tsohon dalibin makarantar ne a 1847. An gina wannan abin tunawa a kan tudu mai ƙarfi da ke kudu da babbar ƙofar makarantar, da kuma ƙasar ramukan da ke aiki a matsayin manyan kaburbura don binne jaruman sojojin Mexico.
Nazari Jarumai Yara
Sakamakon rubuce-rubuce daban-daban da lissafin tarihi, an sake haɗa haruffa masu zuwa, wato:
Cadet Francisco Marquez Paniagua.
Fernando Montes de Oca, mai shekaru 18 a lokacin da al’amarin ya faru, ya mutu a jikin wata kofar da yake karewa, inda ya fadi lokacin da wani sojan Amurka ya yi nasarar wucewa ta taga ya kashe shi da mugun nufi.
Cadet Francisco Márquez, mai shekaru 12 a duniya, ya mutu ne a cikin katafaren gidan, lokacin da wasu gungun sojoji suka tunkare shi, suka yi masa barazanar mika wuya, amma ya harbe daya daga cikinsu, wanda ya mutu, kuma daga baya aka kashe shi saboda harbin da wasu ‘yan adawa suka yi. .
Rundunar Injiniya Laftanar Juan de la Barrera yana da shekaru 19 a lokacin mutuwarsa. Ya rasu ne a wajen kare kagara, dake kudu da tsaunin, inda daga baya aka gano gawarwaki shida wadanda ba su da rai, wadanda aka bayyana sunayensu da Jaruman Yara.
Juan Escutia yana da shekaru 20 a lokacin mutuwarsa. A cewar kwararre masanin tarihi José Manuel Villalpando, wannan ga alama ba ’yar wasa ba ce, kamar yadda wani bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa shi sojan bataliyar San Blas ne. Cikakken sunansa ya dace da Juan Bautista Pascacio Escutia Martínez. Ya mutu a gindin dutsen, wanda ya yi a matsayin mai harbi a saman dutsen, harsashi ya same shi ya fadi rauni, an bar shi a kan wani dutse, inda aka sanya masa allura a shekarar 1970.
Cadet Vicente Suárez, yana da shekaru 14 a lokacin mutuwarsa. Ya mutu a matsayin sa na soja, a kan matakalar daraja yana fafatawa da sojojin ruwa na sojojin Amurka.
Jami'in dan sanda Agustín Melgar, yana da shekaru 18 a lokacin mutuwarsa. Washegari ya rasu. Ya shirya da katifu a dakinsa a makaranta, ya dora bayonet dinsa a kan bindigarsa ya shiga fada.
Tatsuniyar Jaruman Yara
Tatsuniyar da aka fi fadada ita ce wadda ake magana a kan yara, saboda yawancin abin da a halin yanzu ake kira samartaka da balagagge, haka ma a wancan lokacin ba a yi la’akari da cewa shekaru 15 ba. , ’ya’ya maza sun yi aure kuma su kafa iyalinsu.
An kafa wasu tatsuniyoyi a cikin kisan gillar da ɗan wasa Juan de la Barrera ko Juan Escutia ya yi, bisa ga takaddun da aka tuntuɓi. Wannan shi ne abin da ya fi shahara, domin Juan Escutia, ya nannade kansa da tutar kasar, wadda ta daga kololuwar Kwalejin Sojoji, kuma ya kashe kansa don hana tutar Mexico kama hannun sojojin Amurka.
Tuta ta kasa, kasancewar alama ce ta kishin kasa ta tarihin Mexico, tabbas Amurkawa ne suka dauki tutar, wanda suka dauki kofin yaki a makarantar soji ta West Point, wanda aka mayar wa al'ummar Mexico a shekarar 1952, a cikin ayyukan kaddamarwar. na Bagadin Uba, tare da sauran tutoci na al'ummar Mexico, waɗanda aka kwace a lokacin yaƙin shekara ta 1847.
Duk da haka, wanda ya fi ba da fifiko kuma ya kasance na musamman shi ne wanda aka sa a ranar.
Duk da haka, a lokacin yakin da ake yi na niƙa na Sarki, wanda aka kashe a ranar 8 ga Satumba, kyaftin na makamin mai suna Margarito Zuazo, wanda aka yi rashin sa'a ya fadi da rauni sakamakon ayyukan sojojin Amurka, kuma ya koma wani barga, inda ya gano a ƙarƙashin wasu manyan fakitin, tutar. na rundunarsa ya boye, wanda bai so Amurkawa su dauka ba.
Ya dauko ta daga sandar ta ya dafa ta ya sanya a cikin rigarsa, wadda aka ajiye har sai da aka kai shi gida don jinyar raunin da ya samu.
A yayin tafiyar, ya gana da maigidan nasa yana mika tuta, wadda aka nuna a gidan babban jami'in hukumar Luis Salcedo. Kyaftin din ya rasu ne kwanaki kadan bayan isowarsa sakamakon manyan raunuka.
A cewar almara, labarin kisan kai ya fito daidai a cikin bikin tunawa da shekara ta 1878, lokacin da Manuel Raz Guzmán ya fallasa shi a cikin waƙa mai ɗaukaka don ƙaddamar da yakin Molino del Rey, wanda ya bayyana a cikin shayari kamar Agustín Melgar, kuma ba haka ba. kamar Juan Escutia ko Juan de la Barrera.
Amma kai, Melgar...makiya suna kewaye da su, kana harba makamin ka a kansu, kuma ba tare da bege ba, maimakon mika wuya, ka nade kanka a tutar kasar kuma ka gabatar da kirjinka na matashi ga harsasan mahara…
Ba a taba maganar cewa an kaddamar da shi ba, sai dai a nade shi da tutar kasar. Wata hanya ce ta bayyana cewa yana jin daɗi da jin daɗin ƙasar, wanda jama'a suka karɓe shi a sarari kuma ya bazu har sai ya zama kamar abin da ya faru ya kasance na gaske, musamman a cikin aikin José Peón y Contreras.
Kamar yadda ake iya gani, a cikin wannan guntu na tatsuniyoyi, akwai da yawa waɗanda aka saƙa a cikin wannan lamari na tarihi. Alal misali, sun ce ba su wanzu, cewa su ɗalibai ne da aka hukunta, kuma sojojin Amurka sun kama su sa’ad da suke buguwa, Juan Escutia bai jefa kansa don ya kare tutar ƙasar ba, akasin haka, ya yi tuntuɓe. . Amma akwai wadanda ke kula da ra'ayin cewa 'yan wasan shida ne kawai suka kare Castle.
Labarin ya ba da labari game da Yaƙin Chapultepec, a cikin gardamar Yaƙin Mexiko na Amurka, wanda ya ƙunshi babban rawar da yaran Mexico shida suka ba da rayukansu don kare ƙasar ƙasa.
Labarin jaruman yara ga yara, Kamar tarihin rayuwar jaruman yara, ana koyar da shi a lokacin yara a cikin azuzuwan da ake koyarwa a makaranta, yana bayyana ranar 13 ga Satumba. Yana wakiltar bukuwan da ke tunawa da yakin Jaruman Yara na Chapultepec, da Sojojin Amurka.
Kamar yadda aka fallasa, an ƙirƙiri kowane adadin labarai game da jaruman yara. A cikin ma'anar gina bagadi ga ƙasar, da yawa sun wuce gona da iri, wasu sun karkata, amma kaɗan ne aka ƙirƙira. Kalmar "jaruman yara" ta zama alamar ƙaunar ƙasa da mutuncin jama'a, wanda aka rufe da wasu sha'awar soyayya mai nisa, wanda ya ƙare a cikin damuwa da haƙiƙanin sakamako na irin wannan gagarumin taron.
A ƙarshe, ana iya ƙarawa da cewa ko da yake akwai tatsuniyoyi game da wannan batu, an tabbatar da wanzuwarsu kuma an rubuta su da kyau, an haɗa mutanen da suka yi jarumta a cikin jerin sunayen da aka kashe na sojojin Mexico, a gaskiya ma, yawancin ragowar wadannan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. tare da abokan aikinsu da suka rasu, sun huta a cikin abin tunawa da jarumai na Gidan Gida, a gindin Gidan.
abubuwan tunawa
A cikin tarihin Jaruman Yara, jerin al'amura sun bayyana waɗanda ke haifar da zama abin tunawa a cikin tarihin Mexiko waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin takaddun kuɗi da tsabar kuɗi na ƙasa, wato:
Altar ga Uban
Tambarin da aka fallasa a wurin da abubuwan suka faru, da kuma gano gawarwakin jarumai shida a Chapultepec a shekara ta 1947.
Haka kuma, akwai abin tunawa da jaruman yara, wanda aka ajiye a kofar shiga Kwalejin Soja ta Jarumi ta Popotla. An gina shi a cikin 1925 ta hanyar injiniya Vicente Mendiola, tare da sa hannu na sculptor Ignacio Asúnsolo.
Altar zuwa Ƙasar Uba, wanda ya rikice a matsayin abin tunawa ga Jaruman Yara da ke cikin Bosque de Chapultepec.
A cikin shekara ta 1947, a kan gangaren kudancin tsaunin Chapultepec, an gano gawarwakin gawarwaki shida, waɗanda a hukumance aka bayyana na ƴan makaranta shida da suka mutu a shekara ta 1847, gawarwakin sun kasance. An tona kuma an ajiye shi a sarcophagi, ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1947.
Daga baya, a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1952, bayan bukukuwa daban-daban na jama'a, kamar masu gadi a cikin Plaza de la Constitución, wanda jami'ai biyar da jami'ai daga makarantun soja daban-daban na Amurka suka gudanar, an kaddamar da wani obelisk, a karkashin jagorancin m Enrique Aragón Echegaray, wanda aka gina a cikin siffar semicircular tare da ginshiƙai shida kuma yana cikin abin da zai zama tsohon Paseo del Emperador, wanda aka sani da Paseo de la Reforma a halin yanzu.
An sanya akwatunan gawa tare da ragowar mutum a cikin ginshiƙai guda shida, a cikin wani wuri da aka gina a kowane ginshiƙai, da kuma a tsakiya da kuma ƙarƙashin babban mutum-mutumin an ajiye ragowar Kanar Felipe Santiago Xicoténcatl.
Wani abin tunawa da aka keɓe ga waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da mamayar da sojojin Amurka suka yi a tsakanin shekarun 1846 zuwa 1848, inda za ku iya karanta wannan rubutun:
"Zuwa ga masu kare ƙasar 1846-1847"
Tare da sunan hukuma na "Bagaɗi ga Uban ƙasa", wanda aka fi sani da sunan "Abin tunawa ga Jaruman yara”, ya zama ruwan dare a samu rubuce-rubucen hukuma kan wannan rashi. A gefe guda kuma, ana ta cece-kuce game da sahihancin gawarwakin, bisa ga bayanin cewa ba a gudanar da takamaiman tantancewar da aka yi bisa binciken kimiyya, bincike ko nazarin halittu ba.
Sigar hukuma ta hukumomin Mexico sun nuna cewa ƴan wasan wani yanki ne na gadon tarihi da aka tsara ta hanyar jajircewarsu na girmamawa da ƙoƙarinsu.
5000 peso bill
Da farko, adadi na Jaruman Yara, yana ƙunshe a cikin ƙirar lissafin pesos 5000, waɗanda aka bayar a cikin shekarun 1981 da 1989.
50 peso tsabar kudi
A cikin shekarun 1994 da 1995, an hako wani tsabar sabon pesos na Mexico 50, wanda ke da cibiyar azurfa, saboda abin da ke cikin karfen azurfa, yana da daraja fiye da asalin sunan sa. Wannan sabon tsabar kudin peso 50-peso yana da ƙirar Jaruman Yara akan al'ada, kamar: Juan Escutia, Agustín Melgar, Juan de la Barrera, Vicente Suárez, Francisco Márquez da Fernando Montes de Oca.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a sanar da cewa a cikin birnin Mexico akwai tashar metro da ake kira "Niños Héroes".
Hakazalika, titunan unguwar Condesa, da ke kusa da Castle Chapultepec, suna dauke da sunan kowane daga cikin ’yan wasan da suka mutu a taron, da kuma makarantu da wuraren tarihi da yawa a duk fadin Mexico, an sanya sunansu da kalmar "Jaruman Yara" .
A ƙarshe, don girmama 'yan wasan da suka mutu a yakin Chapultepec, tun daga 1881, an kafa bikin a duk ranar 13 ga Satumba, a matsayin hutu na jama'a a Mexico, baya ga cewa sunayensu suna kunshe da haruffan zinariya a cikin bangon. Karrama Zauren Zauren Majalisar Wakilai.
Ziyarci da ƙi a cikin 1947
A cikin shekara ta 1947, a cikin bikin tunawa da karni na karni na kame babban birnin kasar, Mexico City, sannan ya karbi ziyarar farko a hukumance wanda shi ne shugaban kasar Amurka a lokacin, Harry S. Truman, wanda ya karrama wadancan. wanda ya fadi a lokacin yakin Chapultepec. A cikin jawabin nasa ya bayyana cewa, ya gane kuma ya banbanta irin kishin kasa da jarumtakar Jaruman Yara, inda ya daidaita alhininsa kan abubuwan da suka faru da sojojin Amurka a wannan yakin.
Hakazalika, a cikin jawabin nasa ya jaddada cewa kasa mai karfi ba ta da hurumin hukunta wata kasa mai rauni da karfinta. Hakazalika, ya sanya kambin furanni a gindin wannan abin tunawa, lamarin da ya fusata sojojin kasar Mexico da dama da kuma fararen hula da dama, lamarin da ya sa a cikin dare wasu dalibai biyu na Kwalejin Soja suka hau doki zuwa wurin. , don cire hadayar furen kuma a jefa ta a ƙofar ofishin jakadancin Amurka.