Motsin Duniya an kasasu zuwa nau'ikan 5, waɗanda aka gano su azaman motsi na juyawa, fassarar, precession, nutation kuma a ƙarshe Chandler's wobble. A talifi na gaba za mu sani menene motsin duniya, kowane tsarinsa na halitta da ƙari mai yawa.
Menene Harkar Duniya?
Wasu mutane za su yi mamakiMotsi nawa ne Duniya ke da shi?? Wanda muke amsawa cewa Planet Duniya tana aiwatar da jerin ƙungiyoyi na musamman, waɗanda ke bayyana matakai daban-daban saboda ƙarfinsu na yanayi. Motsin Duniya sune:
- Juyawa motsi
- Motsin fassara
- Precession Motsi
- Nutation Motsi
- Chandler Wobble
Juyawa motsi
Wannan nau'in motsi na duniya shine wanda aka siffanta shi ta hanyar kunna axis na terrestrial, wanda ya raba saman zuwa 2 mai zurfi da aka sani da Poles. Ana yin jujjuyawar da aka ce daga yamma zuwa gabas, wato mutumin da yake kallo daga sararin samaniya a kan iyakar arewacin duniya, zai iya gane wannan motsi a matsayin levorotatory, wanda ke nufin cewa yana kusa da agogo.
Lokacin da duniyar duniyar ta juya gaba ɗaya, ana ɗaukar taurari a matsayin ma'ana ko wurin farawa, inda jujjuyawar zata kasance awanni 23, mintuna 56 da sakan 4,1, wanda ake kira ranar sidereal. Yanzu idan aka ɗauki Rana a matsayin abin nufi, meridian zai wuce ta gaban tauraro kowane sa'o'i 24, wanda ake kira Ranar Rana.
Bambanci tsakanin "3h da 56 min" shine saboda a cikin wannan lokaci duniyar duniyar ta ci gaba a cikin kewayarta kuma dole ne ta juya kadan fiye da 1 na gefe don cika wannan rana.
Rana ita ce babbar ma’anar da mutum ya dauka, daga ita ce motsinsa da ake zaton za a gudanar da shi ne a cikin jujjuyawar Duniyar Duniya, wanda ke kayyade dare da rana, wanda ke nuni da cewa sama na kewaya duniyar duniyar.
A wajen amfani da yaren da ba na kimiyya ba, ana amfani da kalmar rana wajen yin nuni da lokacin da ilmin taurari ke kiran ranar Rana, wanda kuma ya yi daidai da abin da ake kira lokacin Rana.
Motsin fassara
Motsin Fassara yana zama lokacin da duniya ke juyawa a cikin abin da ake kira elliptical orbit kewayen Rana a cikin kimanin kwanaki 365 kuma kimanin sa'o'i 6 ya rage, wannan yana nufin cewa yana yin motsi na 1 na tsawon shekara.
Zuwa ga mutumin da yake kallo daga sararin samaniya a kan iyakar arewa tsarin duniya, irin wannan motsi kuma na hannun hagu ne, wanda ke nufin yana tafiya a kusa da agogo kuma idan aka kalli shi daga Pole ta Kudu na duniya, ana kiran irin wannan motsi da hannun dama, ma'ana, ta hanyar agogo.
Bisa ga kalandar a ko da yaushe ana yin rijistar kwanaki 365 cikakku, farkon kowace shekara yana karuwa, wanda ke nufin duk shekara 4 ana samun shekara da ake kira Leap, wacce ke dauke da kwanaki 366 a shekara, saboda haka. baya la'akari da menene ma'anar ma'auni.
Abin da ke haifar da motsin fassarar shi ne aikin da nauyi ya yi kuma shi ne ke haifar da jerin sauye-sauye wanda, kamar yadda rana ke ba da damar auna lokaci.
Yanzu, ɗaukar matsayin babban tauraro na tsarin hasken rana, wato Rana, abin da ake kira shekara ta wurare masu zafi, wanda lokaci ne mai mahimmanci don a kowace shekara sanannen sananne ne. Lokaci, don haka kowace shekara za a maimaita su ba tare da wata matsala ba.
Wannan shekara mai zafi tana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 365, awanni 5 tare da mintuna 48 da daƙiƙa 45 "5:48:45". Motsin da aka kwatanta yana da wani nau'in elliptical na kimanin kilomita miliyan 930, a madaidaicin tafiya ta Rana wanda ya kai kusan kilomita miliyan 150, wanda za'a iya auna shi da 1 AU, wanda shine sashin Astronomical na kimanin 149.597.871. 8.317 km. , ko kuma kusan mintuna XNUMX haske.
Daga nan ne aka tabbatar da cewa Duniyar Duniya tana tafiya a cikin kewayanta a matsakaicin gudun kusan kilomita 106.200 a kowace sa'a «km/h» wanda yake daidai da kilomita 29,5 a cikin dakika «km/s». Tafsirin duniya yana mai da hankali kan zama elliptical. Solo yakan mamaye 1 daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin ellipse kuma saboda almubazzarancin sararin samaniya, hanyar da ke tsakanin Duniyar Duniya da Rana ta bambanta a cikin shekara.
A farkon watan Janairu, ana samun iyakar kusanci da Rana, wanda ke samar da Perihelion, a lokacin da tafiyar ta kai kimanin kilomita miliyan 147,5, yayin da a farkon watan Yuli za a iya isa. Matsakaicin nisan sa, wanda ake kira aphelion, inda tafiyar ya kai kimanin kilomita miliyan 152,6. Axis na duniya yana samar da kusan kwana na al'ada na husufi mai kusan 23,5°.
Irin wannan karkatar, haɗe da motsin fassarar, shi ne ke haifar da dogon lokaci na tsawon duhu da haske a cikin sandunan duniya, baya ga cewa waɗannan su ne manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da yanayi na shekara, wanda ya samo asali daga canje-canjen yanayi. a cikin kusurwar abin da ya faru na hasken rana da kuma a cikin wane lokaci ne tsawon sa'o'i na hasken da ke haifar da abin da aka faɗi.
Abin da za mu iya fassara shi ne cewa irin wannan nau'i na kusurwa shine babban alhakin cewa a cikin sandunan ƙasa akwai tsawon watanni 6 na duhu da watanni 6 na haske. Don haka galibi yana ɗaya daga cikin keɓancewar motsin ƙasa.
Motsi na Precession na Equinoxes
Wani motsi na duniya shi ne abin da ake kira Precession of Equinoxes, wanda shi ne sauyi kadan kuma a hankali a yanayin jujjuyawar duniyar duniyar, wanda ya samo asali ne daga abin da ake kira precession motsi wanda yake haifar da shi. ta hanyar ƙarfin da tsarin «Earth-Sun» ke yi da kansa dangane da aikin karkatawar jujjuyawar duniya game da jirgin saman kewayawa, wanda yake kusan 23 ° 43 'a halin yanzu.
Ana aiwatar da wannan motsi gaba ɗaya a kowace shekara 25.776, ta yadda ko ƙasa da haka kowane ƙarni 130 za a sake jujjuya yanayin yanayi, duk da haka, ana iya haɗawa da bambanci tsakanin abin da ke tsakanin shekara ta gefe da kuma shekarar wurare masu zafi kuma ana iya daidaita shi ta kalandar Gregorian. mutumin da yake kallo daga sararin samaniya, wanda yake saman sandar arewa, zai zo ya gan shi a matsayin jujjuyawar hannun dama wanda ya ƙunshi alkiblar agogo.
Dangane da karkatar da axis na duniya, wannan yawanci yakan bambanta daga kusan 23° zuwa 27°, domin zai dogara, ban da wasu dalilai, akan duk motsin magana. Kimanin a cikin watan Fabrairu na shekara ta 2010, an rubuta wani nau'i na bambance-bambance tsakanin axis na ƙasa na kusan 8 cm fiye ko ƙasa da haka, wanda ya haifar da girgizar ƙasa mai rijista na kimanin 8,8 ° a ma'aunin Richter wanda ya shafi yankin Chile . Idan aka kwatanta da guguwar igiyar ruwa kuma saboda haka babbar tsunami da ta shafi kudu maso gabashin Asiya a shekara ta 2004, ita ce abin da ya kawar da kuncin duniya da kusan 17,8 cm.
Nutation Motsi
Harkar da ake kira precession wani yunkuri ne na kasa wanda ma zai fi wahala idan aka yi la’akari da yunkuri na 4, wato abin da ake kira Nutation Movement. Don haka, yana faruwa ne da wani nau'in jiki mai siffar kamanni ko kuma daidai da yanayin da yake jujjuyawa a kan kusurwoyinsa; a matsayin nau'in saman ko kuma wasu da yawa sun san shi a matsayin saman kadi, wanda zai zama kyakkyawan misali, domin idan ya fadi, ƙaddamarwa ta fara.
Sakamakon motsin faɗuwar sa, karuwar saman zai tsaya a ƙasa tare da ƙarin ƙarfi, ta yadda zai ƙara ƙarfin amsawar tsaye, wanda a ƙarshe zai zama mafi girma fiye da nauyi.
Lokacin da wannan ya faru, ciki na babban taro yana haɓaka zuwa sama. Wannan hanya za a sake maimaitawa, kuma motsi ya fara kasancewa da wani precession wanda zai kasance tare da wani nau'i na jujjuyawar jujjuya zuwa kasa da kuma sama, wanda yawanci yana karɓar kalmar Nutation.
Chandler Wobble
Wannan ya ƙunshi ƙaramin motsi na axis na motsin juyawa na duniyarmu wanda yawanci yana ƙara kusan daƙiƙa 0,7 na baka a cikin lokacin kwanaki 433 zuwa abin da ake kira Precession of Equinoxes. Shahararren masanin ilmin taurari dan asalin kasar Amurka Seth Carlo Chandler ne ya gano wannan yunkuri a shekarar 1891, kuma a halin yanzu ba a san musabbabin da ke haifar da shi ba, duk kuwa da cewa an gabatar da nau'ikan motsi iri-iri.
Sauye-sauyen yanayi wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin rarraba yawan sararin samaniya, da kuma yiwuwar motsi na geophysical a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren ɓawon burodi na ƙasa, da kuma bambance-bambancen ƙwayar salin da aka samu a cikin teku. Jimlar Chandler Wobble da sauran ƙananan tasirin ana kiranta motsin iyaka.
Perihelion Precession Motion
A cikin menene motsin fassarar, duniyar duniyar ta zo ta kwatanta ellipse a matsayin a motsi na duniya kewaye da rana, wanda shi ne wanda ya mamaye 1 na foci na wannan kusufin, duk da haka, sauran abubuwan ba za su tsaya ba, amma kamar yadda yake juyawa kadan a mafi ƙarancin kwana 3,84 arc seconds a kowace karni, a kusa da Rana.
Aphelion ko lokacin mafi girman nisa tsakanin Duniya da Rana, shima yana iya fuskantar irin wannan ci gaba, wanda har yanzu yana ci gaba da kasancewa kamar angular, wanda a zahiri ya fi girma. Irin wannan motsi yana da tsawon shekaru kusan 34.285.714.
Bambance-bambancen Juyin Halitta na Motsin Duniya
Bambance-bambancen sararin samaniya sune ke lissafa nau'ikan tasirin a cikin jerin cewa duk canje-canjen da ke faruwa a cikin motsin duniya sune abubuwan da ke haifar da yanayi na tsawon dubban shekaru. An ƙirƙiro kalmar ne bayan bincike da yawa da mashahurin masanin sararin samaniya na Serbia kuma masanin ilimin geophysici Milutin Milanković ya yi.
A cikin shekara ta 1920, an ɗauka cewa bambance-bambancen da suka haifar sun haifar da canje-canje na cyclical a cikin abin da shine hasken rana wanda yawanci yakan isa saman duniya kuma duk wannan zai yi tasiri sosai ga tsarin canje-canjen yanayi a duniyar duniyar.
Wasu ka'idodin ilmin taurari irin wannan su ne waɗanda aka sami ci gaba a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX ta hannun wasu mutane da aka sani kamar Joseph Adhemar, ban da James Croll da sauransu, duk da haka, tabbatar da shi ya ɗan ɗan bambanta saboda ƙarancin bayanai. na muhimman burbushin halittu da kuma saboda ba a bayyana ainihin lokutan da suka fi muhimmanci a baya ba don tabbatar da shi.
A halin yanzu, abubuwan da ke magana game da saman duniyar duniyar da ba su canza ba tsawon miliyoyin shekaru ana yin nazari da duk manyan kwararru don gano menene canje-canjen yanayi na duniya.
Ko da yake da yawa daga cikin waɗannan mazaje suna da ra'ayin ra'ayin Milankovitch, akwai ƙananan ƙungiyar masu bincike da suka ce ra'ayoyin da ake iya gani ba za su iya bayyana waɗannan abubuwan ba.
Milankovic hawan keke
Abubuwan da suka gabata da kuma makomar zagayowar Milanković shine abin da ke taimakawa wajen fahimtar hasashen duk sigogin orbital da suka shude kuma hakan zai faru a nan gaba ta hanya madaidaiciya. Bambance-bambancen abubuwan da ke cikin orbital abubuwan, kamar yadda ya zama:
- Matsala wato karkatacciya
- The Eccentricity
- Tsawon Peristron
- Ma'anar Ma'anar Maɗaukakiyar Daidaitawa
Waɗanda, tare da ɓarna, sune ke sarrafa yanayin yanayi na abin da ke cikin insolation. Ta wannan hanyar, adadin insolation yana bayyana wanda ake ƙididdigewa kowace rana a cikin babban yankin sararin samaniya a lokacin bazara solstice a matakin latitude na kusan 65º N.
Wani muhimmin batu da ya kamata a yi la'akari shi ne Muhimman Sojojin Halitta, wanda masana da yawa ke la'akari da su tunda suna da tasiri a wasu lokuta akan menene motsin ƙasa.
Kimanin matakai 2 daban-daban sun taso don menene matakin teku da kuma yanayin zafin teku, waɗannan matakan 2 ana samun su ta hanyar abin da mutane da yawa suka sani da ruwan ruwa na ruwa da ɗayan kuma ana fitar da su daga kankara na Antarctica, wanda aka samo daga benthic ajiya da abin da ake kira ice. core samu a gindin Vostok Rasha Antarctica.