da Duwatsu masu duwatsu, su ne Tsarin Cordilleras, wanda ke rufe yankin yammacin Amurka na Arewacin Amirka. Daga Cota Máxima, mita 4.401 sama da matakin teku, akan Elbert Peak a Jihar Colorado. UNESCO ta ayyana wuraren shakatawanta, a cikin 1984, Gidan Tarihi na Duniya. Nemo komai game da su anan.
Duwatsu masu duwatsu
da Duwatsu masu duwatsu, wanda kuma aka gano tare da sunayen "Rocky Mountain Range" ko kuma kawai "Dutsen Duwatsu". Tsari ne na tsaunuka, wanda aka haɗa su, ko kuma an haɗa su da juna, wato, tsaunuka ne. Waɗanda ke yammacin Arewacin Amirka, kuma an gano su da Arewacin Amirka ko Arewacin Amirka.
Wanda kuma ke bayyana wani tattaki mai kama da gabar yamma. Daga Lardin British Columbia, wanda kuma aka sani da British Columbia ko kuma kawai BC dake Arewa maso Yamma. Yawon shakatawa ko ketare iyakar lardin Alberta da British Columbia, har ma da isa kudu maso yammacin Amurka, a cikin Jiharsa ta New Mexico.
A wasu kalmomi, wannan tsarin haɗe-haɗe yana kwatanta tafiya mai kama da juna daga Yammacin Tekun Yammacin Amurka, daidai daga Alaska. Ya kasance a Arewa maso Yamma, ketare Kanada kuma yana ƙarewa a kudu maso yammacin Amurka. Kololuwar kololuwar sa yana kan Dutsen Elbert, Colorado, a tsayin mita 4.401 sama da matakin teku (masl).
A cikin shekara ta 1915, an kafa abin da ake kira dajin Rocky Mountain National Park a Amurka. Inda shekaru 69 bayan haka, musamman a cikin 1984, wuraren shakatawa na Dutsen Rocky na Kanada an ayyana su a matsayin Cibiyar Tarihi ta Duniya ta UNESCO.
Yana da mahimmanci a ambaci cewa godiya ga shimfidar wurare masu ban sha'awa, da kuma rashin misaltuwa, farin ciki da daji. Flora da fauna. Wuraren sa sun kasance mafi kyawun mahalli ko rikodin yanayi, don ba da rayuwa ga fina-finai na yamma daban-daban. Har ila yau, yana kasancewa a cikin dukkan hanyoyinta na Arewa maso Yamma - Kudu maso Gabas, mafi kyawun wuraren shakatawa, duka don baƙi na hutu da kuma masu son wasanni.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6WgNxBVXFQ
Asalin Dutsen Rocky
Asalin Dutsen Rocky an bayyana ko bayyana shi daga farkon tasiri ko tasirin motsi na faranti na tectonic. Nufin kanta zuwa farantin Tekun Pasifik sabanin yankin Arewacin Amurka.
Inda ya zama dole, tsarin Dutsen Rocky ya fara ƙirƙirarsa a hankali, yayin da ɓawon nahiya na duniya ke raguwa. Sakamakon tasiri, samfur ko sakamakon matsa lamba, wanda aka yi tare da adadin 2,5 centimeters a kowace shekara.
Don haka ya zama dole a ci gaba da hawan nasu, domin a fannin ilmin kasa suna ci gaba da yin haka, ganin cewa saboda manufar yin rajista da karatu an kafa su tun suna kanana.
Daga ina sunan ku ya fito?
Sunan Dutsen Rocky ya fito daga kalma ko furcin muryar Indiyawan Amurkawa. Sannan a cikin 1752, Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, dan asalin Turai, ya kafa shi ya kira shi "Montagnes de Roche".
Duka Dutsen Rocky, kamar duk abin da ke kusa da shi, an ƙarfafa su azaman wurin zama na ƴan asalin ƙasar daban-daban. Wannan ya kai abin da ke da nisa sosai, su ne yankin ci gaban da ake farautar dabbobi irin su bison da ma mammoths, waɗanda aka daɗe ba su daɗe.
A duk lokacin da kuke Duwatsu masu duwatsu ana ganin su a matsayin wuri mai tsarki, misali na imani da aka haɗa shi da yawan jama'a kamar manyan mayaka na Apaches ko Sioux.
Fara Binciken ku
Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin farkon mulkin mallaka da Mutanen Espanya suka yi, Dutsen Rocky ya kasance kusan ba a sani ba. Duk da haka, ga abin da ya ƙunshi karni na 1793, kasancewarsa ya fara yin la'akari da sha'awar bincike. Samun cewa mutumin da ya fara shiga ya bincika shi ne Sir Alexander Mackenzie, dan asalin Scotland, a shekara ta XNUMX.
Shekaru da yawa sun shude kuma bincike ya taso daga hannun Lewis da Clark, wanda aka aiwatar a tsakanin shekarun 1804 - 1806, tare da tattara samfurori don nazari daban-daban.
Tarihi da al'adu
Ƙungiyoyin yawo na asali, waɗanda suka zo zauna a cikin Duwatsu masu duwatsuSun yi amfani da kogunansu don aiwatar da kasuwancinsu, da kuma tafiya daga wannan gefe zuwa wancan. A karshen shekarun 1800, lokacin da masu bincike na Turai ke kan gaba, da kuma gano wasu karafa masu daraja da yawa, matsugunin mazauna ya karu sosai.
Bugu da kari, an fara kafa sabbin hanyoyin zirga-zirga, kamar yadda ya kasance na titin jirgin kasa mai wucewa na nahiyoyi. Wannan kamar yadda aka sani, wani bangare ne na ci gaba a cikin karnin da ya riga ya wuce. Inda baya ga samun babban haɗin gwiwa da tuntuɓar juna, kaɗan kaɗan ya zama ci gaban zamani na yau.
Dutsen Rocky Formation
Ana aiwatar da tsarin samuwar tsaunukan Rocky ta hanyar "Cenozoic orogenesis". Ganin cewa sun ƙunshi "cibiyar duwatsun crystalline". A cikin abin da, wannan core yana lullube da sedimentary dutse. A ƙarshe tabbatar da cewa samuwarsa shine samfur na:
- Yashwar yanayi.
- volcanic hadurran.
- Alamomin Quaternary Glaciation.
A gefe guda kuma, marigayi Carboniferous, wanda yayi daidai da wuri na biyar a cikin Paleozoic Era, wani lokaci ne na ayyukan tectonic mai tsanani. Inda faranti na Laurentia da Gondwana suka yi tasiri, suna samar da tsarin juyin halitta na orogeny na Appalachian, wanda ke nufin "halittar duwatsu".
Daga baya, a ko'ina cikin Paleocene da farkon Eocene, zamewar gefen farantin ɓawon burodi na duniya yana faruwa a zurfin zurfi. Ƙarƙashin abin da ake da shi a yau a Yammacin Arewacin Amirka. Fara hawan ɓawon burodi, wato, da Duwatsu masu duwatsu.
A cikin shekaru sama da miliyan 60, a lokacin juyin halittarsu da samuwarsu, sun sha fama da hare-hare daga yanayi, ilimin kasa, da sauransu, ba tare da dakatar da ci gabansu ba.
Fasalolin Dutsen Rocky
da Duwatsu masu duwatsu Sun yi fice wajen gabatar da halaye masu zuwa, wadanda su ne:
- Suna cikin yammacin Arewacin Amurka.
- Tsawonsa yana murɗawa kusan kilomita 4.800, yayin da faɗinsa ya bambanta tsakanin kewayon kilomita 110 zuwa 480.
- Dutsen Elbert mafi girma shine tsayin mita 4.401 sama da matakin teku.
- Bangaren yanayin yanayi na Dutsen Rocky, ya sa ya zama gida ga magudanan ruwa da yawa na fitattun koguna a Arewacin Amurka. Misalan waɗannan sune Kogin Columbia da Bravo.
- Iyakokinsa suna daga Arewacin Alberta da British Columbia, a Kanada. Ciki har da Kudancin New Mexico, Jihar Amurka. Ketare Babban Filayen Gabas da guraben ruwa iri-iri, da kuma tudun ruwa a Yamma.
- Ya haɗu da Ƙasar Nahiyar Amirka, wanda ke da alhakin rarraba raƙuman ruwa da ke fitar da ruwansu zuwa Tekun Pacific.
- An raba su zuwa sassa, waɗanda su ne: Kanada Rocky Mountains a Kanada; Kudancin Dutsen Dutsen; Duwatsun Rocky na Arewa da Tsaunukan Dutsen Dutsen Tsakiya. Waɗannan ukun na ƙarshe na United States Mountains.
- Tsire-tsirensa ba su da yawa, suna canzawa gaba ɗaya zuwa Arewa inda yake da dazuzzukan gandun daji.
- A yankinsa na arewa ne ake baje kolin kwaruruka daban-daban da baje kolin da suka yi fice wajen kunkuntarsu da zurfinsu.
- Ya zama ruwan dare gama-gari cewa ana samun yunƙurin faɗakarwa a yankin tsaunuka sakamakon ci gaban da Plates na Tekun Pasifik da na Arewacin Amirka ke yi na adawa.
- Tsawon tsaunukan sa yana haifar da shingen yanayi wanda ke hana ko dakatar da zafi na iskoki daga Yamma.
Abubuwan da aka bayar na Rocky Mountain Resources
Dutsen Rocky ya yi fice don cin gajiyar albarkatun kamar haka:
- Ma'adinan Ma'adinai: Ma'adinan ma'adinai wanda ya fi dacewa da su shine zinariya, azurfa, molybdenum, jan karfe, zinc, sodium carbonate da gubar, da sauransu. Bisa la'akari da cewa, baya ga sauran yankuna ko yankunan sakandare, an samu gawayi har ma da mai.
- Shuka amfanin gona a cikin kwarin: Ya kamata a lura da cewa babban dutsen daji ne wanda ya mamaye yankin gaba daya, duk da haka, a cikin kwari shine inda aka fi samun albarkatun noma iri-iri na dankali da hatsi. Yayin da a yankin arewa ake noman raguna.
- Yawon shakatawa: Yawon shakatawa ya zama babban abin jan hankali na waɗannan tsaunuka. Wanda a cikinsu wasanni daban-daban da ake iya yin su na daga cikin sabbin abubuwan da ke faruwa a wurin, musamman a lokacin hunturu. Wani babban abin jan hankali shine tayin da ke akwai don kasancewar masu hutu. Ba tare da barin babban jin daɗin da layin dogo ke bayarwa ba, wanda a zahiri ke ratsa tsaunuka daga gefe zuwa gefe yana ba ku damar jin daɗin kyawawan shimfidar wurare.
Dutsen Rocky Geography
Geographically, da Duwatsu masu duwatsu su ne tsarin jeri na tsaunuka, la'akari da cewa motsin teluric, da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa a volcanic, sun zama ruwan dare gama gari kuma suna maimaituwa a yankin. Dangane da sarkar bakin teku, an naɗe ta musamman, domin a nan ne ake samun sabani tsakanin Plates na Tekun Pasifik da na Arewacin Amirka. Inda, wannan ya faru ne saboda tasirin gaba wanda aka haifar.
Hukunce-hukuncen da doki da kaburbura suke da shi, ya ba da damar samun kwandunan cikin da ke da nisa ko nesa. Dutsen Rocky a gefen gabas yana nuna manyan filayen tsakiya. Dangane da Yamma, shi ne yankin da suke gangarowa har sai sun kasance a cikin kwandunan da suke ciki. Inda illar da duwatsun suka samu gaba ɗaya abin yabawa ne.
Baya ga bangaren Kudu, su ma suna gangarowa har sai sun yi wani babban fa'ida, wanda ya hada da wani yanki mafi girma a cikin Jihar Wyoming. Tuni ga Jihar Colorado, yana fuskantar ƙunci mai mahimmanci, ta yadda aka sanya su a cikin ƙananan ƙananan tsaunuka masu girma.
Ya kamata a lura cewa tsaunin Rocky ya ƙunshi yanki mai dacewa na ruwan koginsa wanda ke kwarara cikin Tekun Arctic, Atlantic da Pacific. Har ila yau, yana da cewa a wurare da yawa, bushewa yana wakiltar ɗaya daga cikin sanannun abubuwan da ya fi dacewa, wanda da yawa ke danganta wannan gaskiyar da nisa daga teku.
Da wanda, bi da bi, tsaunukan suna haifar da wani shingen yanayi wanda ke haifar da damshin iskar da ke fitowa daga yamma ya tsaya, gurɓatacce ko kuma ya daina motsi. Tsire-tsirensa yana da ƙarancin ƙarancinsa, kasancewarsa a gefen arewa kawai na dutsen, inda yake lulluɓe da dazuzzuka mai faɗi da yawa kuma mai kauri.
Flora da Fauna na Dutsen Rocky
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan jan hankali na Dutsen Rocky shine cewa yana da yawa sosai idan ya zo ga namun daji. Don haka ƙirƙirar halittu daban-daban, waɗanda sune halayen raka'o'in muhalli waɗanda ke rufe fage mai faɗi tare da yanayin yanayi iri ɗaya.
Haka kuma halittu daban-daban, wanda shine tsarin da ya kunshi halittu masu rai da ake samu a yankin, tare da yanayin da ya saba, nasu ko na musamman. Tare da la'akari da cewa, dukan hadaddun ya kasance mayar da martani ga m yashwa, kazalika da glaciations da suka faru a cikin na karshe shekaru miliyan 60.
A wannan ma'ana, mutum yana da, fadi ko babba Halayen bambancin halittu mulki, wanda shi ne kaucewa appreciable. Kasancewa na gama gari na:
- tundra
- Filato
- Bosque
- Makiyaya
- Dausayi, da sauransu.
Flora
Game da flora, a cikin nau'ikansa yana ba da damar ganin nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire waɗanda aka ba da furanni, ganye, conifers, ciyawa, mosses, da sauransu. Samun fitattun ciyayi na:
- Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa)
- Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
- Engelmann's spruce (Picea engelmannii)
- Oak (Genus Quercus)
- Alpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa)
- Poplars (Ƙungiyar Populus. Aigeiros), da sauransu.
Inda, ga gefen gabas na Duwatsu masu duwatsu, musamman a yankin arewa, ana ba da ciyayi ne saboda kasancewar ƙasa mai ɗanɗano mai dogayen ciyawa. Duk da yake a yankin kudu, ciyayi iri ɗaya ne, ta hanyar ƙasa mai ɗanɗano, amma bambancin shine cewa yana bayyana kansa da ganye masu ƙananan girma ko girma.
Sannan komai ya canza sama da layin bishiyar, domin kawai abin da za a iya lura da shi shi ne ganyaye kadan da ’yan tsirran kushin, don haka rashin nau’in ya bayyana a fili, wanda shi ne ya sa ake samun yanayi daban-daban, kamar wadanda aka ambata a sama. , wadanda suke gaba da juna, a kan dutse daya.
fauna
Dabbobin da ke cikin Duwatsu masu duwatsu yana da banbance-banbance a duk tsawonsa, yana nuna tsuntsaye masu wakiltar tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Daga cikin wadanda suka fice, baƙar fata (Ursus americanus), farar akuya (Oreamnos americanus), tumaki babba (Ovis canadensis). Wolverine (Gulo gulo), Kanada lynx (Lynx canadensis), farar wutsiya (Odocoileus virginianus), swan trumpeter (Cygnus buccinator). Haka kuma barewa na Kanada (Cervus canadensis), barewa alfadari (Odocoileus hemionus), coyote (Canis latrans), launin ruwan kasa (Ursus arctos), farin wutsiya (Lagopus leucura), da sauransu.
Kanada Rockies
Dutsen Rocky na Kanada suna cikin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda huɗu:
- Banff
- Jasper
- Kotenay
- Yo
Haka kuma, a cikin Larduna uku:
- Dutsen Assiniboine
- hambara
- Dutsen robson
An raba wannan Range na Dutsen Rocky na Kanada tsakanin Lardunan Alberta da British Columbia. Daga cikin wuraren shakatawa guda huɗu, mafi kyawun kyan gani kuma waɗanda suka fi dacewa da mafi kyawun masu yawon bude ido su ne Banff da Jasper.
Game da kyan gani da keɓantacce waɗanda waɗannan ke nunawa, an rarraba su a matsayin “wuri na yanayi” na gaske. A cikin abin da bambancin flora za a sami cikakkiyar godiya, tare da kasancewar gandun daji, tafkuna, kololuwa, glaciers, koguna, da sauransu. Wanda iri-iri na fauna ya shahara a duk faɗin sa.
An san shi da kasancewar UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin Cibiyar Tarihi ta Duniya a cikin 1984.
Banff National Park shi ne mafi nisa a Kanada, inda aka yi la'akari da shi tun daga 1885. A cikin duka fadin kilomita 6.642, akwai dama mai yawa don shimfidar wurare da abubuwan da ba za a manta da su ba. Wadanda ziyarce-ziyarcen da ba za a iya nisantar su ba su ne:
- Bow Lake da Peyto Lake.
- Lake Louise, Lake Agnes da Moraine Lake.
- Bow Valley Parkway da kuma Johnston Canyon.
A gefe guda, la'akari da na biyu da aka fi ziyarta, Jasper National Park, wanda ke gefen Arewa na Kanada Rockies. An kirga shi da wannan ambaton tun 1930 kuma yana da jimillar fili wanda ya kai murabba'in kilomita 10.878. A cikin wannan wurin shakatawa, ziyarce-ziyarcen da ba za a manta da ita ba saboda tsananin kyawunsa, sun kunshi:
- Cibiyar Icefield da Athabasca Glacier.
- Sunwapta Falls da Athabasca Falls.
- Lake Medicine da tafkin Maligne.
Dabbobin daji na Kanada Rockies
Duwatsun Rocky na Kanada ana siffanta su da kasancewar ɗaukakar duniya mai ban sha'awa, kuma suna ba da mafi kyawun namun daji, waɗanda ake gudanarwa a duk faɗin wurin shakatawa ba tare da wani hani ba. A cikin abin da kariyar da masu kula da wurin shakatawa ke aiwatarwa yana da tsauri kuma gwargwadon girman da suka cancanta. Inda masu yawon bude ido su ne masu jin daɗi, sun zama wannan yanayi mafi kyawun abubuwan jan hankali.
Ya kamata a lura cewa bisa ga mazaunin, wannan ita ce dabbar da za a gani, kowannensu yana jagorantar sararin samaniya. Mafi wakilci da ban mamaki duk shine grizzly bear, yana auna fiye da kilo 500. Wannan yana biye da baƙar fata, wanda ko da yake ba shi da sha'awa da tashin hankali kamar grizzly, har yanzu yana da barazanar da za a sa ido.
Baya ga wasu da suke cikin mabambantan Flora yana yiwuwa a samu, kamar yadda suke: cougars, barewa, tumaki babba, gaggafa mai sanko. Kazalika moose, wapití, squirrels, fararen awakin dutse, wolf, beavers, lynx, da sauransu. Inda wasu za su kasance da sauƙin gani, yayin da wasu kuma abubuwan gani ne na yau da kullun, duka ga masu kula da wurin shakatawa da baƙi.